Reality & Consciousness
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- Paul Halpern, Ph.D., is a professor of mathematics and physics at University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Paul H. Halpern, PhD | Saint Joseph's University
- Department of Physics
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As of 2017: "Paul Halpern is a professor of physics at the Saint Joseph’s University and the author of eighteen popular science books, including Flashes of Creation, The Quantum Labyrinth, Einstein's Dice and Schrodinger's Cat, and Synchronicity. He is the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He lives near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."
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- University of the Sciences | Wikipedia
- Paul Halpern - NOVA - Articles
- Audio Books by Paul Halpern
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Acclaimed science writer and physicist Dr. Paul Halpern is the author of science books, exploring the subjects of space, time, higher dimensions, dark energy, dark matter, exoplanets, particle physics, and cosmology.
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- List of Books by Paul Halpern | thriftbooks
- The Quantum Labyrinth: How Richard Feynman and John Wheeler Revolutionized Time and Reality
Review by Graham Farmelo | Theoretical physics: When the doer met the dreamer | Nature
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The Quantum Labyrinth: How Richard Feynman and John Wheeler Revolutionized Time and Reality | Audio Book
By Paul Halpern, PhD, Read by Brian Troxell
- Books by Paul Halpern and Complete Book Reviews | Publisher's Weekly
- Synchronicity: The Epic Quest to Understand the Quantum Nature of Cause and Effect
- Synchronicity by Paul Halpern | Hachette
- Paul Halpern Synchronicity: Wolfgang Pauli & Carl Jung | Video (1:00:39) - YouTube
Podcast with Brian Keeting
- When the Big Bang Was Just a Theory | Book Review by Ramin Skibba | The New York Times
Flashes of Creation: George Gamow, Fred Hoyle, and the Great Big Bang Debate
By Paul Halpern
- Paul Halpern 3rd in $100,000 HITS Grand Prix
- The Man Who Invented the 26th Dimension by Paul Halpern | Medium
How a scientist you never heard of made String Theory possible.
- Dark Flow: Tugs from Beyond the Observable Universe? by Paul Halpern
- Many Worlds in the Multiverse: A Dialogue with Paul Halpern | Video (1:26:23) - YouTube
- The Allure of the Multiverse by Paul Halpern
An Epic New Book By Paul Halpern About the History of Multiverse Controversies.
Alternative realities and parallel universes electrify our fantasies and draw us to riveting
cinematic epics and literary works. But is the multiverse really science?
- "Albert is an old fool": Einstein vs Schrödinger in battle of the Nobel laureates
By Paul Halpern | Salon.com
- Battle of the Nobel Laureates by Paul Halpern | Medium
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"I’m delighted to offer some background to the compelling story that led me to write the new book Einstein’s Dice and Schrödinger’s Cat: How Two Great Minds Battled Quantum Randomness to Create a Unified Theory of Physics."
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- Book Q&As with Deborah Kalb
- Time Journeys: A Search for Cosmic Destiny and Meaning by Halpern, P | BIBLIO
- The Nature of Reality | The physics of nothing, everything, and all the things in between | Books by Paul Halpern
- The Quantum Labyrinth: How Richard Feynman and John Wheeler Revolutionized Time and Reality
By Paul Halpern (336 pages) | PDF Review available | American Journal of Physics
- Synchronicity: The Epic Quest to Understand the Quantum Nature of Cause and Effect
Presented by Paul Halpern | Video (1:16:24) - YouTube
- Books by Paul Halpern | Amazon
- The Allure of the Multiverse: Extra Dimensions, Other Worlds, and Parallel Universes
by Paul Halpern | Harvard Bookstore
- The Allure of the Multiverse: Extra Dimensions, Other Worlds, and Parallel Universes
by Paul Halpern | Diane's Books
- The Allure of the Multiverse: Extra Dimensions, Other Worlds, and Parallel Universes
by Paul Halpern | Barnes & Noble
- A Guide to Different Kinds of Parallel Universes | The Nature of Reality - PBS
- Interview | Superscholar.org
- An interview with Paul Halpern | Claire Dudman
- Paul Halpern: What Einstein taught us about privacy | Paul Halpern | Savannah Morning News
- Paul Halpern | Wikipedia
- Pictures et al of Paul Halpern | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- John Baez's Stuff (his homepage)
BC vs AD, BCE vs CE: What Do They Mean?
- Marcus Aurelius - emperor of Rome (121CE-180) | Britannica
- Marcus Aurelius (121-180) | Biography
As Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe
from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits.
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- Marcus Aurelius (121-180) | Wikipedia
- Marcus Aurelius: Every Part of Nature is a Masterpiece | Stoic Handbook
- Marcus Aurelius | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Marcus Aurelius (121—180 C.E.) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (121–180) | New World Encyclopedia
He was notable among Roman emperors as devoted to the study and practice of philosophy
and to the wise administration of the empire.
- Marcus Aurelius | History Channel
Marcus Aurelius, however, is not best remembered for the wars he waged,
but for his contemplative nature and his rule driven by reason.
- Who Was Marcus Aurelius? | Article by Donald Robertson | Yale University Press
- Announcing “Marcus Aurelius: The Stoic Emperor” | Article by Donald J. Robertson | Medium
- Was Marcus Aurelius Murdered? | Donald J. Robertson
[This article was previously published on Medium.]
- What The Death Of Marcus Aurelius Teaches Us About Life | Article by Brechen MacRae | The Mindful Stoic
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"Do not act as if you were going to live ten thousand years. Death hangs over you. While you live, while it is in your power, be good." – Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
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- Meditations -Paperback – by Marcus Aurelius (Author) | Amazon
- Who was Marcus Aurelius? | Fanam
An introduction to the last great emperor, leader and stoic of Rome
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"Marcus Aurelius was emperor of Rome during the 2nd century AD, the last in a line of five emperors known to have ruled Rome with authority, humanity, and competence. We know him today as one of the Stoics, and below I’ve put together resources pointing to his best wisdom."
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- Marcus Aurelius: A Life - Hardcover – by Frank McLynn (Author) | Amazon
- The Essential Marcus Aurelius - Paperback – by Jacob Needleman and John Piazza (Authors) | Amazon
- The Essential Marcus Aurelius by Jacob Needleman, John Piazza | Barnes & Noble
- The Essential Marcus Aurelius by Jacob Needleman, John Piazza | Google Books
- The Essential Marcus Aurelius | Jacob Needleman and John Piazza (Translators) | goodreads
- Meditations | Wikipedia
A series of personal writings by Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor from AD 161 to 180,
recording his private notes to himself and ideas on Stoic philosophy.
- Complete Works of Marcus Aurelius by Marcus Aurelius | Barnes & Noble
- Meditations - Marcus Aurelius - (Gregory Hays Translation) | Premium Leather Edition | Daily Stoic
- The Meditations by Marcus Aurelius Antoninus | PDF File (128 pages)
- Meditations
Aurelius, Marcus | PDF File (214 pages) | Google Books
- Meditations by Emperor of Rome Marcus Aurelius | Project Gutenberg
Read now or download (free).
- Meditations Book download in PDF, ePub & Mobi
by Marcus Aurelius | Alice & Books
- Complete works of Marcus Aurelius. Illustrated: Meditations, The Speeches of Marcus, The Sayings of Marcus
Kindle Edition by Marcus Aurelius, George W. Chrystal and C. R. Haines (Translators)
- Books by Marcus Aurelius | thriftbooks
- Meditations of Marcus Aurelius | Gryphon Editions
- Marcus Aurelius Complete Works – World’s Best Collection | Apple Books
All Works – Meditations, Teachings, Stoic Philosophy Plus Biography,
Bonus Interpretation & Stoicism Analysis
- Marcus Aurelius | Article by Sergey Piterman | Medium Blog
- What were Marcus Aurelius' rules for life? | National Geographic
- Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius on the Interconnection of All Things | Article by Ella Vrana
- 5 Timeless Life Lessons From Marcus Aurelius | Daily Stoic
- Marcus Aurelius | On Truth and Reality
- Marcus Aurelius: You Have One Life To Live | Fanam
- Marcus Aurelius - The Philosopher King | The Decision Lab
- 7 Facts About Marcus Aurelius’ Fascinating Life and Reign | Article by Vedran Bileta | The Collector
Marcus Aurelius is widely known as the philosopher-emperor,
but he spent most of his life on the battlefield.
- Marcus Aurelius: Meditations | The Culturium
How a Roman emperor stirred the hearts and minds of his people.
- Living In Accordance With Nature - The Way Of The Stoic | Article by Uwe Scharrer | Stoic-Buddy
- Virtue is a Better Goal Than Legacy | Article by Reggie Paquette
- Marcus Aurelius on Embracing Mortality and the Key to Living with Presence
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- ??Marcus Aurelius' Guide to Stoicism from the Roman Throne | Essay by Matthew C. Showers | Culture Frontier
Why there are two question marks at the beginning, I have no idea.
- The Five Good Emperors of the Roman Empire | Video - YouTube | World History Encyclopedia
- The Five Good Emperors of the Roman Empire | Video by Kelly Macquire and Sebastian Beck | World History Encyclopedia
- Five Good Emperors | Britannica
- Masters of Rome: The Legacy of the Five Good Emperors | Video (11:14) - YouTube
- Meditations by Marcus Aurelius Summary and Quotes | Wisdom for Life
- Marcus Aurelius Quotes | goodreads
- Images/sculptures of Marcus Aurelius | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
"Live not one’s life as though one had a thousand years, but live each day as the last." - Marcus Aurelius
- St. Augustine (354-430) | Britannica
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His numerous written works, the most important of which are Confessions (c. 400) and The City of God (413–426), shaped the practice of biblical exegesis and helped lay the foundation for much of medieval and modern Christian thought.
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- Augustine of Hippo (354-430) | Wikipedia
- Confessions (Augustine)
Confessions (Latin: Confessiones) is an autobiographical work by Augustine of Hippo,
consisting of 13 books written in Latin between AD 397 and 400.
- Saint Augustine Of Hippo | The Augustinians
- Saint Augustine | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Augustine was perhaps the greatest Christian philosopher of Antiquity
and certainly the one who exerted the deepest and most lasting influence.
- Augustine of Hippo | Article by Rebecca Denova | World History Encyclopedia
- St. Augustine of Hippo, 354-430 AD | PDF File (5 pages)
- Augustine Biography | The Great Thinkers
- St. Augustine of Hippo | Catholic Encyclopedia - New Advent
- Four Things You Should Know about the Life of Saint Augustine
National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception
- Augustine’s Life and Times | Christian History Institute
- Works in English language on the web
- City of God
From the Christian Classics Ethereal Library - Calvin College
- The Works of Saint Augustine | Focalare Media
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In 1990, New City Press, in conjunction with the Augustinian Heritage Institute, began the project knows as The Works of Saint Augustine, A Translation for the 21st Century. The plan is to translate and publish all 132 works of Augustine of Hippo, his entire corpus, into modern English.
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- Writings of St Augustine | Australasia
- Major Works | The Great Thinkers
- The works of Saint Augustine: A translation for the 21st century
(Currently at 42 volumes) Hardcover | Amazon
By Saint Augustine (Author), Boniface Ramsey (Editor)
- The Complete Works of Augustine | Amazon
- Augustine Confessions | PDF File (216 pages ) UPenn
Newly translated and edited by Albert C. Outler, Ph.D., D.D
- The Confessions | PDF File (426 pages) Augustinian Heritage Institute
- The Confessions of Saint Augustine | translated by Edward B. Pusey, D.D. | PDF File (214 pages)
- Augustine's Writings on Grace and Free Will | Monergism
Edited by John Hendryx | PDF File (738 pages)
- On the Free Choice of the Will, On Grace and Free Choice, and Other Writings
Edited and Translated by Peter King | PDF File (311 pages)
- The Confessions of St. Augustine by Bishop of Hippo Saint Augustine | Project Gutenberg
- The City of God | Wikipedia
- The City of God by Saint Augustine | Translated by Marcus Dos PDF File (838 pages)
- Project Gutenberg's The City of God, Volume I, by Aurelius Augustine
- Project Gutenberg's The City of God, Volume II, by Aurelius Augustine
- The City of God (Book I) | New Advent
- St. Augustine's Relativistic Theory of Time by Stephen M. Barr | Church Life Journal
- Augustine on Time: Human Time, Divine Eternity, and Why the Former is Really the Latter
By Mark Albert Selzer | Cal State, East Bay
- St. Augustine and Cosmology | Villanova University
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Excerpt: He reasons that, when Genesis opens with the words, in the beginning, it means that God "had made nothing previously," and, therefore, that the world was made, "not in time, but simultaneously with time."
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- Augustine's Treatment of the Problem of Evil | Article by Rocco A. Astore | Oklahoma State University
- Augustine: Political and Social Philosophy | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Creation and Life's Purpose: Augustine's Quest for Truth | Article by Rev. Frederick L. Miller
- Augustine on Human Nature | Notes by Dr. Jan Garrett | Western Kentucky University
- The Two Books of God: The Metaphor of the Book of Nature in Augustine
By Oskari Juurikkala | PDF File (13 pages) - PhilArchive
- Saint Augustine on Knowledge and Reality by Leonard Peikoff | Video (28:54) - YouTube
- The Account of Truth | The Augustinian Paradigm
- The Philosophy of Plotinus and His Influence on Augustine and Christian Theology | Project Augustine
- Ultimate Reality according to Augustine of Hippo | PDF File (14 pages)
By Roland Teske, Marquette University, Milwaukee
- Conversion of St. Augustine
- Saint You Should Know: Augustine of Hippo | Video (9:31) - YouTube
You have to watch this, it's very informative and well-presented.
- Saint Augustine Quotes | Brainy Quotes
- Augustine of Hippo - Quotes | goodreads
- From the Confessions of St. Augustine | Quotes
- Images/paintings, etc. of Augustine of Hippo - Saint Augustine | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Life and Works
- Soul and Body
- St. Thomas Aquinas - Italian Christian theologian and philosopher (1224/25-1274) | Britannica
- Thomism | Theopedia
Excerpt: "Aquinas shows "five ways" to indicate the existence of God,
some of which are developed in detail in his Summa Contra Gentiles.
- Aquinas's Five Proofs for the Existence of God | St. Mary's Press | Oklahoma State University
- Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) | Wikipedia
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Thomas's best-known works are the unfinished Summa Theologica, or Summa Theologiae (1265–1274), the Disputed Questions on Truth (1256–1259) and the Summa contra Gentiles (1259–1265).
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- Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) | Biography
Italian Dominican theologian Saint Thomas Aquinas was one of the most influential
medieval thinkers of Scholasticism and the father of the Thomistic school of theology.
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- Thomas Aquinas (1224/6—1274) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- St. Thomas Aquinas | University of Notre Dame
- Saint Thomas Aquinas | Aquinas College
Includes a summary of his five proofs for the existence of God.
- Thomas Aquinas - A Portrait by Denys Turner | Paperback, eBook | Yale University Press
- St. Thomas Aquinas for Beginners | Thomistica
- The Natural Law Theory of Thomas Aquinas | Essay by Thomas D'Andrea | The Public Discourse
- List of Works by Thomas Aquinas | Wikipedia
- Thomas Aquinas Books
- The Works of St. Thomas Aquinas (18 vols.) | Verbum
By Thomas Aquinas; John Henry Newman; Paul M. Kimball
- Books by Thomas Aquinas | thriftbooks
- Thomisitc Philosophy | Aquinas Online
Links to On-line Texts of St. Thomas Aquinas. Amazing and impressive.
- Search results for: 'thomas aquinas' | Hackett Publishing
- Basic Works, Thomas Aquinas | Vendor: Hackett Publishing Company | Hillsdale College
- Thomas Aquinas | Definition by Nathan Huffine | World History Encyclopedia
- Writings of St. Thomas Aquinas And Articles on his Theology | Paths of Love
- Book Recommendation: William of Tocco’s The Life of St. Thomas Aquinas | The Josias
- The Character of Saint Thomas Revealed in his Writings
Dominican, March 1929 | PDF File (8 pages)
- Summa Theologica | PDF File (6958 pages) | Christian Classics Etherial Library
- The Summa Theologica | PDF File (9453 pages)
Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province
- Of God and His Creatures of the Summa Contra Gentiles
By Joseph Rickaby | PDF File (721 pages)
- Books by Thomas, Aquinas, Saint | Project Gutenberg
- Aquinas on Virtue by Nicholas Austin | PDF File (298 pages | Library of Congress
Georgetown University Press / Washington, DC
- Catechism of the Summa Theologica of Saint Thomas Aquinas | PDF File (344 pages)
- The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas
- Consciousness - Hardcover – by St Thomas Aquinas (Author) | Amazon
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The book begins with an examination of the different types of consciousness, including sensory, intellectual, and spiritual consciousness. Aquinas argues that these different forms of consciousness are interconnected and that they all play a crucial role in our understanding of reality.
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- Thomas Aquinas on the Metaphysical Nature of the Soul and its Union with the Body
PDF File (219 pages) | by Kendall Ann Fisher - Dissertation - Syracuse University
- Aquinas on Mind (Topics in Medieval Philosophy) 1st Edition by Anthony Kenny (Author) | Amazon
- Aquinas on Mind / Edition 1 by Sir Anthony Kenny, Anthony Kenny | Barnes & Noble
- Gyula Klima - Professor of Philosophy - Fordham University
- Psychology and mind in Aquinas | Article by Miguel Garcia-Valdecasas | PDF File (21 pages)
This article stresses the main lines of Thomas Aquinas’s philosophy on the nature of the body-soul union.
- Thomas Aquinas on Human Nature By
Denise Ryan | PDF File (91 pages)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
Degree of MA of the National University of Ireland, Maynooth.
- St. Thomas Aquinas and the Fittingness of the Democratic Order
By James Dominic Rooney | University of Notre Dame
- Thomas Aquinas Quotes | AZ Quotes
- Thomas Aquinas > Quotes | goodreads
- Images of Thomas Aquinas | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- John Locke (1632-1704) | Biography
English philosopher John Locke's works lie at the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism and political liberalism.
- David Hume (1711-1776) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Life and Works
- Bibliography - Primary Literature
- David Hume (1711-1776) | New World Encyclopedia
- David Hume (1711-1776) | Philosophy Pages
- David Hume
Definition by Mark Cartwright | World History Encyclopedia
- Hume, David (1711-1776) | Encyclopedia.com
- David Hume (1711-1776) | Britannica
He concluded that no theory of reality is possible;
there can be no knowledge of anything beyond experience.
- David Hume (1711—1776) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Hume, David (1711–76) by Garrett, Don | Routledge
- The Essential David Hume: The Major Writings of the Great 18th-Century British Philosopher
Paperback – by David Hume (Author) | Amazon
- The Philosophical Works Of David Hume V1: Including All The Essays
Paperback – by David Hume (Author) | Amazon
- The Life of David Hume Paperback –
by Ernest Campbell Mossner (Author) | Amazon
- David Hume - The Philosopher as Historian | by Nicholas Phillipson | Tale University Press
- David Hume: The Philosopher as Historian
by Nicholas Phillipson | Barnes & Noble
- The Essential David Hume | Brief Video | Fraser Institute
- A Treatise of Human Nature | Lewis Amherst Selby-Bigge (editor) David Hume (author) | OLL
- A Treatise of Human Nature 2nd Edition | Amazon
By David Hume (Author), L. A. Selby-Bigge (Editor), P. H. Nidditch (Editor)
- Search results for "a treatise of human nature hume" | Amazon
- A Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume | Hillsdale College
- Hume Texts Online | David Hume.org
- A Treatise of Human Nature | Wikipedia
- A Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume | PDF File (736 pages) | Liberty Fund
- A Treatise of Human Nature by David Hume | Project Gutenberg
- Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion by David Hume | Project Gutenberg
- Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion - Paperback – by David Hume (Author), Martin Bell (Editor, Introduction) | Amazon
- Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion by David Hume
PDF File (64 pages) - Copyright © Jonathan Bennett 2017
- Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion by David Hume | PDF File (65 pages) | University of Cincinnati
- Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion | A Philosophical Appraisal - Edited By Kenneth Williford | Routledge
- The Clarendon Edition of the Works of David Hume: A Treatise of Human Nature, Vol. 1: Texts
David Fate Norton and Mary J. Norton (eds) | Oxford Scholarly Editions
- David Hume: A Treatise of Human Nature: Volume 1: Texts | Amazon
Paperback – by David Fate Norton (Editor), Mary J. Norton (Editor)
- My Own Life, by David Hume | EconLib
- My Own Life, by David Hume | PDF File (8 pages)
- My Own Life
by David Hume - Hardcover, Paperback, ebook | Barnes & Noble
- David Hume’s Life and Works by Ted Morris | The Hume Society
Stimulating Scholarship on the Writings of David Hume
- David Hume - Essays - Moral, Political, and Literary
The Life of David Hume, ESQ. written by himself | PDF File (15 pages) | UPenn
- Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary by David Hume | Foreward by Eugene F. Miller | EconLib
Table of Contents is quite impressive.
- Essays Moral, Political, Literary (LF ed.) by David Hume, Eugene F. Miller (editor) | Online Library of Liberty
- What is ‘the self’ according to David Hume? Answered by Sanjong Meher | Quora Forum
- Hume's Concept of the Self | Video (14:51) - YouTube
- Hume's Philosophy Of The Self
By Tony Pitson | Routledge
- Hume's Fictional Impression of Self | PDF File (14 pages) | Willamette University
- Bundle Theory of Self | Oklahoma State University
- David Hume’s Concept of the Self, by Thurid Langer | PDF File (260 pages)
Submitted for the Degree of a Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Glasgow
- Hume and the Laws of Nature | PDF File (48 pages) | PhilArchive
- Knowledge and Sensory Knowledge in Hume’s Treatise | Essay by Graham Clay | PDF File (46 pages)
- Radical Empiricism | David Hume | Oklahoma State
- Hume’s Empiricism | Article by Kevin A. R. | PDF File (5 pages) | MIT
- David Hume – On Empiricism - An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding | Lumen Learning
- Hume's Philosophy: Delving into the Depths of Empiricism and Skepticism
- David Hume: Epistemology | Britannica
- He Died as He Lived: David Hume, Philosopher and Infidel | Article by Dennis Rasmussen | The Wire
- A Treatise of Human Nature (1739). Section IV: Of Personal Identity
By Shaun Gallagher at the University of Memphis
- Shaun Gallagher
Is the Lillian and Morrie Moss Chair of Excellence in Philosophy at the University of Memphis (2011- ).
Among considerably other things.
- Hume’s Theory on the Enduring Self | Jeevan's Blog | Medium Blogspot
- The No-Self Theory: Hume, Buddhism, and Personal Identity by James Giles
PDF File (27 pages) | University of Hawaii Press
- David Hume: Imagination | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- There Is No Self: Hume | Pearson
- David Hume "Of Personal Identity" | PDF File (4 pages)
Selection from Book I, Part 4, Section 6 of A Treatise of Human Nature
- David Hume Quotes | AZ Quotes
- Images of David Hume | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Auguste Comte (1798–1857) | Encyclopedia.com
- Auguste Comte - French philosopher (1798-1857) | Britannica
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"Comte was a rather sombre, ungrateful, self-centred, and egocentric personality, but he compensated for this by his zeal for the welfare of humanity, his intellectual determination, and his strenuous application to his life’s work."
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- Auguste Comte (1798-1857) | Biography
French philosopher Auguste Comte greatly advanced the field of social science,
giving it the name "sociology" and influenced many 19th-century social intellectuals.
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- Auguste Comte (1798-1857) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Auguste Comte (1798–1857) is the founder of positivism, a philosophical and political movement
which enjoyed a very wide diffusion in the second half of the nineteenth century.
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- Auguste Comte | New World Encyclopedia
A French thinker known as the "father of sociology."
- Auguste Comte (1798-1857) | Wikipedia
Was a French philosopher, mathematician and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism.
He is often regarded as the first philosopher of science in the modern sense of the term.
- Biography of Auguste Comte | Article by Ashley Crossman | ThoughtCo
- Auguste Comte | Totally History
- Law of three stages | Wikipedia
The law of three stages is an idea developed by Auguste Comte
in his work The Course in Positive Philosophy.
- law of three stages | Britannica
- Auguste Comte's Law of Three Stages | Video (4 minutes) - YouTube
- A general view of positivism by Comte, Auguste | PDF File (449 pages) | Internet Archive
- Project Gutenberg's Course in Positive Philosophy.(2/6), by Auguste Comte | English or French
- Sociology and Scientific History | Article by Robert E. Park | PDF File (24 pages) | JSTOR
- The Significance of
Auguste Comte | PDF File (22 Pages) | University of Pittsburgh Press
Authors: Warren Schmaus, Mary Pickering, and Michel Bourdeau
- The Sociology of
Auguste Comte | PDF File (18 pages)
- Auguste Comte (1798 - 1857) | Author Michael A. Toth - Portland State University
- Auguste Comte (1798-1857) | The Basics of Philosophy
- Auguste Comte Intellectual Biography by Mary Pickering | Cambridge University Press
- How to interpret Auguste Comte? | Article by Johan Heilbron | Open Edition Journals
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Michel Bourdeau, Mary Pickering, and Warren Schmaus (eds), Love, Order, and Progress: The Science, Philosophy, and Politics of Auguste Comte, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018, 416 pages.
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- Annie Petit, The system of Auguste Comte. From science to religion through philosophy | Open Edition Journals
- Système de politique positive: Comte's Philosophy of History by Mary Pickering
Published online by Cambridge University Press
- Auguste Comte and spiritualism | Article by Laurent Clauzade
British Journal for the History of Philosophy
- The Biological Bias of Comte’s Sociology: The Issue of Sexual Equality
By Vincent Guillin | Revue d’histoire des sciences
- The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte | PDF File (338 pages)
Freely Translated and Condensed by Harriet Martineau
- Auguste Comte – High Priest of Positivism by Caspar Hewett | The Great Debate
- Comte and Psychology | By Walter B. Bodenhafer | Brock University
- A Psycho-Analytic Study of Auguste Comte | by Phyllis Blanchard | PDF File (24 pages) | JSTOR
- Auguste Comte: High Priest of Humanity? | Essay by Wilf Hey | Vision.org
- Auguste Comte’s Concept of Systematic Obsolescence,... | Article by Jan Marsalek | Philosophia Scientia
by Which All Truly Unarguable Views Must Spontaneously Fade Away
- Books by Auguste Comte | Amazon
- Auguste Comte and Positivism - The Essential Writings | Edited By Gertrud Lenzer | Routledge
- Comte: Early Political Writings - Paperback - by Auguste Comte, H. S. Jones | Barnes & Noble
- Comte: Early Political Writings by Auguste Comte | thriftbooks
- Auguste Comte & Timothy Leary | Lapham Quarterly
- Auguste Comte | The School of Life
- How Positivism Shaped Our Understanding of Reality | Meridian University
- Aspects of scientific explanation in Auguste Comte | Article by Vincent Guillin
European Journal of Social Sciences
- Positivism and Human Conduct
Auguste Comte - The High Priest of Humanity | Moral Philosophy
Jacques Maritain Center - University of Notre Dame
- The Life, Death, and Afterlife of Auguste Comte | Invisible Paris
- Auguste Comte - Sociological Theory | Article by John Hamlin - University of Minnesota
Died on September 5, 1857 of Stomach Cancer
- Images of Auguste Comte | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Henri Bergson (1859-1941) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Henri Bergson (1859-1941) | New World Encyclopedia
- Main philosophical ideas
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Excerpt: "Although Bergson agreed with certain undeniable aspects of a "philosophy of becoming" such as the biological evolutionism of Darwin, he nevertheless did not hold to the randomness of natural selection or the interpretation of all order to a brute, biological force. There was for him something more “vital” which animated the process of becoming and which raised it above mechanistic laws."
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- Bergson, Henri (1859-1941) | Encyclopedia.com
- Henri Bergson - French philosopher (1859-1941) | Britannica
- Henri Bergson (1859-1941) | Wikipedia
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Bergson is known for his arguments that processes of immediate experience and intuition are more significant than abstract rationalism and science for understanding reality.
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- Henri Bergson (1859-1941) | Jewish Virtual Library
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Excerpt: "While the physicist observes objects and events in succession, time is presented to consciousness as duration - an endlessly flowing process, which resists simple mathematization. Bergson argued that the 'real time' is experienced as duration and apprehended by intuition, not through separate operations of instinct and the intellect."
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- Henri Bergson, celebrity | Essay by Emily Herring | Aeon
As Bergson’s renown expanded, commentators became increasingly fascinated
with a remarkable feature of his audience: it consisted mostly of women.
- Creative Evolution by Henri Bergson | Mead Project
The Cinematographical Mechanism of Thought and the Mechanistic Illusion —
A Glance at the History of Systems — Real Becoming and False Evolutionism.
- Time and Free Will | Wikipedia
Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness is
Henri Bergson's doctoral thesis, first published in 1889.
- Henri Bergson and the Perception of Time by John-Francis Phipps | Philosophy Now
- Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness
Paperback by Henri Bergson (Author) | Amazon
- Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness by Bergson
- 1st Edition - Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness
By Bergson, Henri | Routledge
- Henri Bergson’s Philosophy of Time | Article by B.V.E. Hyde | PDF File (10 pages)
- Living in Time: The Philosophy of Henri Bergson by Barry Allen (Author) | Amazon
- Living in Time: The Philosophy of Henri Bergson by Barry Allen | Oxford University Press
- The Philosophy of Henri Bergson with Barry Allen | Audio: 58 minutes | Hermitix
- Jimena Canales
- Einstein vs Bergson, science vs philosophy and the meaning of time
Article by Joe Gelonesi
- Duration and Simultaneity: Bergson and the Einsteinian Universe - Paperback | Amazon
By Henri Bergson (Author), Leon Jacobson (Translator)
- Full text of "Duration And Simultaneity Henri Bergson" | Internet Archive
- The Theories of Relativity and Bergson’s Philosophy of Duration and Simultaneity | PDF File (63 pages)
Essay by C. S. Unnikrishnan | During and After Einstein’s 1922 Visit to Paris
- Bergson, Henri | Article by Stanley E. Gontarski
International Encyclopedia of the First World War
- Henri Bergson | The Information Philosopher
Excerpt: (from Time and Free Will p.221)
"All the difficulties of the problem, and the problem itself, arise from the desire to endow duration with the same attributes as extensity, to interpret a succession by a simultaneity, and to express the idea of freedom in a language into which it is obviously untranslatable."
|
- Towards an Understanding of Consciousness – Henri Bergson
Article by Nathan Hohipuha | Absurd Being Blog
- Living Consciousness: The Metaphysical Vision of Henri Bergson
By G. William Barnard | SUNY Press
- Living Consciousness: The Metaphysical Vision of Henri Bergson |
Book by G. William Barnard | Project Muse
Download of full book available
- Bergson’s “The Possible and The Real”
Video (3 minutes) | Epoche Magazine
- Henri Bergson: The Possible and the Real | Aeon
Henri Bergson on why the existence of things precedes their possibility
- Mark Sinclair, ‘Bergson on Possibility and Novelty' | PDF File (32 pages)
- Book Review: Mark Sinclair, Bergson, 2019 | Hypotheses Blog
- Non-Technical Papers
- Bergson's Creation of the Possible | Article by Pete A. Y. Gunter | JSTOR
It's free to register on JSTOR.
Compare Ideas, Similar Thoughts
Aristotle's "Potential and Actual"
Bergson's "Possible and Real"
Quantum States - Observation - Unique Object or Event
And let's not forget:
"Spacetime is but a large-scale manifestation of some more fundamental entity."
"Space and Time can be born and thus can die."
- John Barrow from Pi in the Sky
- Henri Bergson: An Account Of His Life And Philosophy - Paperback | Amazon
Authors: Algot Ruhe, Nancy Margaret Paul
- bergson’s vitalisms | Essay by mathilde tahar | PDF File (21 pages) | PhilArchive
- A Prophet of the Soul | Essay by John Burroughs | PDF File (21 pages)
- The Philosophy of Henri Bergson by T. J. de Boer | PDF Download available | Begsoniana
- Matter and Memory by Henri Bergson | A Mead Project source page
Chapter 1: Of the Selection of Images For Conscious Presentation. What Our Body Means and Does
- What is Consciousness? Mind-Energy by Henri Bergson | Includes Video (34:52) | Medium Blogspot
- Parrhesia Journal
- Evolutionary Naturalism - About Henri Bergson | Dialectic Spiritualism
- Introduction: Henri Bergson's Creative Evolution | PDF File (18 pages) | JSTOR
- Élan vital | Wikipedia
- élan vital | Learn about this topic in these articles... | Britannica
- Bergson's Hand: Toward a History of Non-Organic Vitalism
PDF File (16 pages) | Article by Hisashi Fujita | JSTOR
- The Career of Living Things Is Continuous: Reflections on Bergson, Iqbal, and Scalia
Article by Donna Jones | Qui Parle - Duke University Press
- Inverting Philosophy: A Commentary on Henri Bergson’s ‘An Introduction to Metaphysics’
Article by Rowan Anderson | Epoche Magazine
- Bergson, Pan(en)theism, and ‘Being-in-Life’ | Article by King-Ho Leung
PDF Download available | Springer Link
- Henri Bergson’s Haunted Epistemology: Consciousness Unframed
Article by Adam Lovas | MDPI
- Henri Bergson > Quotable Quote | goodreads
Henri Bergson, The Creative Mind: An Introduction to Metaphysics
- Henri Bergson Quotes | Brainy Quote
- Pictures of Henri Bergson | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Being and Time
- Bibliography
- Martin Heidegger (1889—1976) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
After the change of his thinking (“the turn”), Heidegger placed an emphasis
on language as the vehicle through which the question of being can be unfolded.
- Martin Heidegger
German philosopher (1889-1976) | Britannica
- Martin Heidegger (189-1976) | Wikipedia
- Being and Time- Paperback – by Martin Heidegger | Amazon
- Being and Time by Martin Heidegger | Suny Press
A Revised Edition of the Stambaugh Translation
- Martin Heidegger: Being and Time | Video (20 minutes) - YouTube
- Heidegger: Being and Time | Video (44:52) - Michael Sigrue, Ph.D. - YouTube
- Being and Time: An Interesting Book You Probably Shouldn’t Read
Essay by Scott H. Young
- Heidegger and
Being and Time - Second Edition by Stephen Mulhall
PDF File (235 pages) | Routledge
Stephen Mulhall is Fellow and Tutor in Philosophy at New College,
Oxford.
- Being and Time | PDF File (294 pages)
Translated by John Macquarre & Edward Robinson
- What is Called Thinking by Martin Heidegger | PDF File (274 pages) | UPenn
A Translation of Was Heisst Denken1 by Fred D. Wieck and J. Glenn Gray
- The Question
Concerning Technology and Other Essay by Martin Heidegger
PDF File (214 pages)
Translated and with an Introduction by William Lovit
- The Question Concerning Technology by Martin Heidegger
PDF File (14 pages) | University of Hawaii
- Martin Heidegger | "What is Metaphysics?" | PDF File (78 pages)
(Postscript to and Introduction to)
- Martin Heidegger Between Good and Evil | Harvard University Press
By Rudiger Safranski, Translated by Ewald Osers
- Martin Heidegger: Between Good and Evil Paperback – Amazon
By Rudiger Safranski (Author), Ewald Osers (Translator)
- The Life and Philosophy of Martin Heidegger | The Living Philosophy
- Martin Heidegger | Essay by Daniel Dahlstrom | PDF File (12 pages) | Boston University
- Martin Heidegger's Changing Destinies: Catholicism, Revolution, Nazism | Yale University Press
By Guillaume Payen, Translated by Jane Marie Todd and Steven Rendall
- Martin Heidegger's Changing Destinies: Catholicism, Revolution, Nazism | Barnes & Noble
By Guillaume Payen, Jane Marie Todd (Translator), Steven Rendall (Translator)
- Martin Heidegger's Changing Destinies: Catholicism, Revolution, Nazism - Hardcover | Amazon
By Guillaume Payen (Author), Jane Marie Todd (Translator), Steven Rendall (Translator)
- Martin Heidegger, 1889 - 1976 | The Great Thinkers
Includes video (45:53): Claremont McKenna professor political
philosophy Mark Blitz discusses the thought of Martin Heidegger.
- Martin Heidegger (1889 - 1976) | Philosophy Basics
- Martin Heidegger on the Problem of Knowledge and Being
Essay by Paul Austin Murphy | Medium Blog
- Everything you need to know about Martin Heidegger | Mozart Cultures
- Martin Heidegger
- The Remarkable Love Letters of Hannah Arendt and Martin Heidegger
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- How Hannah Arendt and Martin Heidegger’s Relationship Can Inform Our Current Crises | Literary Hub
- Hannah Arendt and Martin Heidegger: History of a Love - Paperback | Amazon
By Antonia Grunenberg (Author), Peg Birmingham (Translator), Kristina Lebedeva (Translator)
- Death in Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time by Mark A. Menaldo
PDF File (16 pages) | University of Washington
- Being and Martin Heidegger | The Existentialism of Martin Heidegger
Essay by Richard Gilbert | PDF File (23 pages)
- Martin Heidegger: Key Concepts by Bret W. Davis
Reviewed by Lee Braver | Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
- Books by Martin Heidegger | thriftbooks
- Books by Martin Heidegger | BIBLIO
- Books by Martin Heideggar | HarperCollins Publishers
- Martin Heidegger Books in Order | Browse 90 authored books | readwithstars
- Books by Martin Heideggar | Amazon
- Which book of Martin Heidegger should you read to learn his way of thinking? | Quora Forum
- Martin Heidegger Quotes | AZ Quotes
- Pictures/images of Martin Heidegger | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Hannah Arendt Center for Politics and Humanities at Bard College
- "Quote" of the Week
Here you can find an ever-growing archive of scholars discussing
a quote of their choice from the writings of Hannah Arendt.
- Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) | Britannica
- Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) | Wikipedia
- Hannah Arendt (1906—1975) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Hannah Arendt (1906–1975) | Contemporary Thinkers
- Hannah Arendt: A Life in Dark Times - Hardcover – by Anne C. Heller (Author) | Amazon
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Excerpt: "Arendt was a woman of many contradictions. She was brilliant, beautiful when young, and irresistible to gifted men, even in her chain-smoking, intellectually provocative middle age."
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- hannah arendt: existential phenomenology and political freedom
Article by Wayne F. Allen | Sage Journals
- The Life of the Mind: | by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
Hannah Arendt on Thinking vs. Knowing and the Crucial Difference Between Truth and Meaning.
- The Life Of The Mind (Combined 2 Volumes in 1) Paperback | Amazon
By Hannah Arendt (Author), Mary Mccarthy
- The Life of the Mind | Wikipedia
- The Life of the Mind: The Groundbreaking Investigation on How We Think | Barnes & Noble
By Hannah Arendt, Mary McCarthy (Editor)
- Life of the Mind: One/Thinking, Two/Willing - Paperback | City Lights
By Hannah Arendt, Mary McCarthy
- Hannah Arendt by Samantha Rose Hill | The University of Chicago Press
- The Origins of Totalitarianism Paperback – by Hannah Arendt (Author) | Amazon
- The Origins Of Totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt - Paperback | Barnes & Noble
- Articles & Essays | Collection Hannah Arendt Papers | Library of Congress
- The Origins of Totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt | 57th Street Books
Introduction by Anne Applebaum
- The Origins of Totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt | thriftbooks
Introduction by Samantha Power
- Origins of Totalitarianism | work by Arendt | Britannica
Learn about this topic in the following articles.
- The Origins of Totalitarianism | Wikipedia
- Books By Hannah Arendt | thriftbooks
- Books by Hannah Arendt and Complete Book Reviews | Publishers Weekly
- A Guide to the Work of Hannah Arendt | Contemporary Thinkers
- Books by Hannah Arendt | Amazon
- Thinking Without a Banister: Essays in Understanding, 1953-1975
Penguin Random House | by Hannah Arendt, Edited by Jerome Kohn
- Why Read Hannah Arendt Now? by Richard J. Bernstein | Barnes & Noble
- The Origins of Totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt | Five Books
Recommendations from our site
- Hannah Arendt Center | Oblong Books
Oblong is please to partner with the Hannah Arendt Center
at Bard College to extend a 20% discount for members on select titles.
- List of works by Hannah Arendt | Wikipedia
- What Remains: The Collected Poems of Hannah Arendt Hardcover – | Amazon
By Hannah Arendt (Author), Samantha Rose Hill (Editor)
- Hannah Arendt – the film | parlacoimuri
- Hannah Arendt and the Origins of Israelophobia | City Journal
The great antitotalitarian thinker was no friend to the Jewish state.
- Why We Should All Read Hannah Arendt Now | Literary Hub
- Hannah Arendt on Human Nature vs. Culture | by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
What Equality Really Means, and How Our Language Confers Reality Upon Our Experience
- Lessons from Hannah Arendt on Arresting Our ‘Flight From Reality’
Article by Roger Berkowitz | Quillette
Fascism, communism, and transhumanism all lure us into rejecting
the real human condition in favor of ideological constructs.
- What Constitutes our Sense of Reality? | Article by Julia Honkasalo | PDF File (19 pages)
Hannah Arendt’s Critique of the Search for Epistemic Foundations
- What did Hannah Arendt really mean by the banality of evil? | Article by Thomas White | Aeon
- Hannah Arendt and the politics of truth | Open Democracy
- Chapter 7: Truth and Politics from Between Past and Future | PDF (71 pages)
- Truth and Politics by Hannah Arendt | PDF File (19 pages)
|
Originally published in The New Yorker, February 25, 1967, and reprinted with minor changes in Between Past and Future (1968) and The Portable Hannah Arendt edited by Peter Baier (2000).
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- Hannah Arendt: The Origins of Totalitarianism. Volume 1: Antisemitism. Chapter 4: The Dreyfus Affair
Author Jenny Mackness
- The Portable Hannah Arendt - Paperback | Amazon
By Hannah Arendt (Author), Peter Baehr (Introduction)
|
This volume includes selections from her major works, including The Origins of Totalitarianism, Between Past and Future, Men in Dark Times, The Jew as Pariah, and The Human Condition, as well as many shorter writings and letters.
|
- The Portable Hannah Arendt | Neue Galarie
By Hannah Arendt (Author), Peter Baehr (Introduction)
A collection of writings by a groundbreaking political thinker, including excerpts from
The Origins of Totalitarianism and Eichmann in Jerusalem
- The Portable Hannah Arendt - Paperback | Barnes & Noble
By Hannah Arendt, Peter Baehr (Introduction)
- The philosopher who warned us about loneliness and totalitarianism | Article by Sean Illing | Vox.com
- Hannah Arendt and the Constants of Human Nature | Article by Eric Voegelin
- The Way that Nature Matters: The World and the Earth in the Thought of Hannah Arendt
Article by Anne Chapman | JSTOR
You can register to read articles for free at JSTOR.
- Hannah Arendt’s Unwritten Theory of Political Judgment by Samantha Fazekas | PDF (341 pages)
Submitted to the University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
- Pictures of Hannah Arendt | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Ludwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889--April 29, 1951) | Britannica
- Ludwig Wittgenstein | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
First published Fri Nov 8, 2002; substantive revision Wed Oct 20, 2021
- Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein - Biography | MacTutor - Saint Andrews
Summary: Ludwig Wittgenstein was a philosopher who worked on the foundations of mathematics and on mathematical logic.
- Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889—1951) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig (Josef Johann) (1889-1951) | Encyclopedia.com
- Ludwig Wittgenstein (18889-1951) | Wikipedia
- Wittgenstein's Biography & Bibliography | SIGNO
- Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Turbulent Life of a Philosophical Pioneer | The Collector
An essential look into the life, work and philosophical transitions of the influential Austrian thinker Ludwig Wittgenstein.
- Ludwig Wittgenstein: An Intellectual Biography by Miles Hollingworth | Rizzoli Book Store
- Ludwig Wittgenstein | Logic, Language and the Limits of our Understanding | The Decision Lab
- Give Him Genius or Give Him Death | The New York Times
Article by Anthony Kenny, the author of "Wittgenstein" and "The Legacy of Wittgenstein," is the president of the British Academy.
- An Introduction to Ludwig Wittgenstein by Austin Tannenbaum
- Books by Ludwig Wittgenstein | thriftbooks
- Books by Ludwig Wittgenstein | Amazon
- Books by Ludwig Wittgenstein | Barnes & Noble
- All Books by Wittgenstein | Google
- Logic – Wittgenstein & Forms Of Life | Essay by Erich Gerlach
- Ludwig Wittgenstein | Logic, Language and the Limits of our Understanding | The Decision Lab
- Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889—1951) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Wittgenstein: Reality is Shaped by the Words we Use
- For Ludwig Wittgenstein, language is a game, but not a frivolous one | Video
- Key Theories of Ludwig Wittgenstein | Literary Theory and Criticism
- Ludwig Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Language: Key Concepts | Video (37 minutes) - YouTube
- Meaning is use: Wittgenstein on the limits of language | March 11, 2014 | Philosophy for Change
- What are Ludwig Wittgenstein's greatest accomplishments? | StackExchange
- Brainy Quotes
"Understanding means seeing that the same thing
said different ways is the same thing."
Ludwig Wittgenstein
- The Noam Chomsky Website
- Books
- Articles
- The Home of Noam Chomsky | University of Arizona
- The Psychology of Language and Thought | Noam Chomsky interviewed by Robert W. Rieber
- Noam Chomsky | Biography Online
- Biography of Noam Chomsky, Writer and Father of Modern Linguistics | by Bill Lamb | thoughtco
Selected Works: "Syntactic Structures" (1957), "Fateful Triangle" (1983), "Manufacturing Consent" (1988), "Understanding Power" (2002)
- Noam Chomsky | Britannica
- Noam Chomsky | Wikipedia
- Avram Noam Chomsky and His Cognitive Development Theory | ERIC
By Costley, Kevin C.; Nelson, Jaime
- List of Books by Noam Chomsky | thriftbooks
- The Noam Chomsky Reading List
- Noam Chomsky bibliography and filmography | Wikipedia
This is a list of writings published by the American author Noam Chomsky.
- Books by Noam Chomsky | BIBLIO
Noam Chomsky is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist,
social critic, and political activist.
- Books Written by Noam Chomsky | Most Recommended Books
- All Books by Noam Chomsky | Amazon
- Noam Chomsky Reading List | Left Reference Guide
- Top 500 Noam Chomsky Quotes (2023 Update) | Quote Fancy
- Noam Chomsky Quote
"The structure of language determines not only thought, but reality itself."
- Noam Chomsky Language Quotations | QuoteTab
- Requiem for the American Dream: The 10 Principles of Concentration of Wealth & Power | Paperback - Amazon
Authors, Editors: by Noam Chomsky (Author), Peter Hutchison (Editor), Kelly Nyks (Editor), Jared P. Scott (Editor)
- Chomsky on Democracy and Education | Edited By C.P. Otero, Noam Chomsky | Routledge
- Aspects of the Theory of Syntax by Noam Chomsky (Author) | Amazon
- Noam Chomsky by John Lyons | thriftbooks
- Noam Chomsky - The Physical Reality | Brief Video - YouTube
- Born This Way: Chomsky’s Theory Explains Why We’re So Good at Acquiring Language | Healthline
- Universal Grammar | Wikipedia
"Universal grammar (UG), in modern linguistics, is the theory of the innate biological component of the language faculty,..."
- Chomsky and the Universal Grammar by Don Cruse
- Noam Chomsky's Language Theory | Study.com
Excerpt: "Chomsky believed that rules for language acquisition are innate (inborn)
and strengthen naturally as humans grow and develop."
- Language Acquisition Theory by Henna Lemetyinen | Simply Psychology
- Theories of Language Acquisition | VAIA
- 9 Influential Theories of Language Learning by Brilliant Thinkers
- Innateness and Language | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- On Nature and Language | Cambridge University Press
- Chomsky's revolution by Neil Smith - PDF File | Nature
- Noam Chomsky: Another World Is Possible. Let’s Bring It to Reality. | Truthout
Excerpt: "...Chomsky has published more than 150 books in linguistics, political and social thought,
political economy, media studies, U.S. foreign policy and world affairs."
- Noam Chomsky on Consciousness | Video (1:12:24) - Mind Chat - YouTube
In this episode Keith Frankish and Philip Goff will explore
Professor Chomsky's views on consciousness and the mind.
- Language, Mind, Consciousness: Discussion with Noam Chomsky | Video (1:18:49) - YouTube
- Chomsky on Consciousness with Edward Feser
- Has Consciousness Lost Its Mind? | matiasz
- Does Language Construct Reality, or our Perception of Reality? | thy mind, o human
- Philosophy of mind and human nature | Britannica
- On Language and Humanity: In Conversation With Noam Chomsky | The MIT Press
- Usage-based Language Learning
- Jean Piaget Society for the Study of Knowledge and Development
- About Jean Piaget
- Jean Piaget (1896-1980) | Biography
|
Jean Piaget created highly influential theories on the stages of mental development among children, becoming a leading figure in the fields of cognitive theory and developmental psychology.
|
- Cognitive Development: The Theory of Jean Piaget | Oklahoma State University
- Jean Piaget (1896-1980) | Britannica
Jean Piaget pioneered the study of children’s intellectual development.
In more than 50 books and monographs over his long career, Piaget continued to develop the theme he had first discovered in Paris, that the mind of the child evolves through a series of set stages to adulthood.
|
- Jean Piaget (1896-1980) | Wikipedia
As the Director of the International Bureau of Education, he declared in 1934 that
"only education is capable of saving our societies from possible collapse, whether violent, or gradual."
- Jean Piaget Biography (1896-1980) | Article by Kendra Cherry, MSEd
Updated on November 13, 2023 | verywellmind
- Theories| Education Library
- Jean Piaget 1896 - 1980 | Essay by Dr. C. George Boeree | Personality Theories
- Jean Piaget (1896-1980) | GoodTherapy
- Jean Piaget | Article by Seymor Papert | New Jersey Institute of Technology
"The core of Piaget is his belief that looking carefully at how knowledge
develops in children will elucidate the nature of knowledge in general."
- Jean Piaget (August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980) | New World Encyclopedia
considered the developmental psychologist of the twentieth century. He preferred the title
"genetic epistemologist" - researching the origins (genesis) of knowledge (epistemology).
- Jean Piaget | Famous Scientists
- The Complete Guide to Jean Piaget’s Learning Theories | Article by Becton Loveless | Education Corner
- The Construction of Reality in the Child by Jean Piaget | Google Books
- The Construction of Reality in the Child by Jean Piaget - by Jean Piaget (Author) | Amazon
- The Construction Of Reality In The Child
by Jean Piaget | Barnes & Noble
- 1st Edition: The Construction Of Reality In The Child by Jean Piaget | Routledge
- Piaget’s theory of childhood development: A foundation for current understanding of children
By Charlie Lewis and Jeremy I. M. Carpendale
- Cognitive Development in Childhood | Article by Robert Siegler | NOBA Project
- What are Piaget’s stages of development, and what are examples of each?
Medical New Today | Updated January 2, 2024
Article by Akilah Reynolds, PhD and Zia Sherrell, MPH
- Piaget | Article by Hannah K. Scott; Mark Cogburn | NLM - NCBI
- Memory (Encoding, Storage, Retrieval) | Article by Kathleen B. McDermott and Henry L. Roediger III
- Evaluating Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development and Comparing Piaget and Vygotsky
- Overview of Jean Piaget | Article by Todd LaMar | Libre Texts
- Piaget's theory of cognitive development | Wikipedia
- Applying Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development to Mathematics Instruction | PDF File (5 pages)
- Jean Piaget Profile
- Books by Jean Piaget | thriftbooks
- Books by Jean Piaget | Amazon
- Books by Jean Piaget | BIBLIO
- Resources for Students | Piaget.org
- Constructive Evolution: Origins and Development of Piaget's Thought by Michael Chapman | Barnes & Noble
- Constructive Evolution: Origins and Development of Piaget's Thought | Moe's Books
- Piaget, Jean - The Psychology of Intelligence | Underground Books
- Learning Theories: Constructivism | PDF File (4 pages) | Minnesota State University
- Constructivism | Article by Bekki Brau
- Cognitive Development- The Theory of Jean Piaget | Libre Texts
- Jean Piaget’s Constructivist Theory of Learning
and Its Application in Teaching
Article by Leila Alhabib | PDF File
- Scholarly Articles on Jean Piaget and Consciousness
- Piaget’s Conception of the Development of Consciousness: An Examination of Two Hypotheses
By Francisco Pons, Paul Harris | JSTOR
It's free to register on JSTOR.
- Consciousness in Piaget: possibilities of understanding | Article by Tania Stolz | Springer Open
- The Grasp of Consciousness | Article by Howard Gardner | The New York Times
- The Grasp of Consciousness: Action and Concept in the Young Child - Paperback – by Jean Piaget (Author) | Amazon
- Pictures of Jean Piaget | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Daniel Dennett Professor Emeritus, Philosophy | Tufts University
- Daniel Dennett’s Science of the Soul | The New Yorker
A philosopher’s lifelong quest to understand the making of the mind.
- Daniel Dennett: A Biography (born March 28, 1942, in Boston, Massachusetts)Discovery Institute
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"...one of the leading academic writers and activists engaged in promoting scientific atheism. His field is the philosophy of mind, of science, and of biology in particularly.
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- Interview with Daniel Dennett | High Profiles
- Daniel Dennett | The Information Philosopher
- Daniel Dennett | Encyclopedia.com
- Books: Consciousness Explained by Daniel C. Dennett | What Really Goes On in There | The New York Times
- Consciousness Explained
by Daniel C. Dennett | thriftbooks
- Consciousness Explained Paperback – October 20, 1992
by Daniel C. Dennett (Author) | Amazon
- Consciousness Explained | Wikipedia
- Content and Consciousness by Daniel Dennett | Routledge
- Is Consciousness Real? by John Horgan | The New York Times
- From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds 1st Edition by Daniel C. Dennett (Author) | Amazon
- From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds by Daniel C. Dennett | Barnes & Noble
- From Bacteria to Bach and Back | Wikipedia
- Books: From Bacteria to Bach and Back by Daniel Dennett \ Philosophy Now
- Book Review: From Bacteria to Bach and Back by Daniel C Dennett review – consciousness explained? by Steven Rose | The Guardian
There is no ‘hard problem’ and consciousness is no more mysterious than gravity, Dennett claims in this study of the evolution of minds.
- Daniel C. Dennett | From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds | Video (1 hour) - YouTube
- Lecture: Daniel Dennett: From Bacteria to Bach and Back | Video (1:09:06) - YouTube
- From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds bY Daniel C. Dennett - Release Date: FEB. 7, 2017 | KIRKUS Review
Review: "How unfair for one man to be blessed with such a torrent of stimulating thoughts. Stimulating is an understatement."
Richard Dawkins.
- The Philosophy of Daniel Dennett 1st Edition
by Bryce Huebner (Editor) | Amazon
- I've Been Thinking by Daniel C. Dennett | Penguin
Daniel C. Dennett, philosopher and cognitive scientist, has spent his career considering consciousness.
I've Been Thinking traces the development of Dennett's own intellect and instructs us
how we too can become good thinkers.
- Books by Daniel C. Dennett | thriftbooks
- Books by Daniel C. Dennett and Complete Book Reviews | Publisher's Weekly
- Books by Daniel C. Dennett | Amazon
- Popular Daniel Dennett Books | goodreads
- How to Live a Happy Life, From a Leading Atheist
By David Marchese | Talk August 25, 2023 | The New York Times Magazine
- Daniel Dennett | Wikipedia
- Science as we know it can’t explain consciousness – but a revolution is coming | The Conversation
- Our Brains, Our Selves: Daniel Dennett | by Taylor McNeil - Tufts University
- Pictures of Daniel C. Dennett | Google Image Search
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Consciousness | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Metaphysics | Wikipedia
- The Philosophy Book | Published by DK
"This book has short and sweet biographies of over a hundred philosophers and their profound questions."
- Seventeenth-Century Theories of Consciousness | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
First published Thu Jul 29, 2010; substantive revision Fri Mar 6, 2020
- Are there philosophers who argue for a close connection between consciousness and existence?
Modified four months ago | Stack Exchange Forum
- The Pari Center
- Holoflux:Codex Form/Movement/Vision (inspired by David Bohm) by Lee Nichol | Amazon
Physicist and philosopher David Bohm used the term holoflux (alternately holomovement) as the metaphysical foundation
for his well-known vision of the ‘implicate order.’ By holoflux Bohm was pointing to an underlying movement of vast scale,
which gives rise to all of existence, both seen and unseen.
- Holoflux: Codex: Form/Movement/Vision (Inspired by David Bohm) (Paperback) by Lee Nichol | Greenlight Bookstore
- Alan Watts’ Philosophy of Consciousness by Josh Chandler Morris
- Three Perspectives on the Fundamental Nature of Reality | Psychology Today
Is the fundamental nature of reality physics, consciousness or social agreement? Reviewed by Davia Sills
- Sean Carroll's Homepage
"I'm interested in how the world works at the deepest levels, which leads me to do research in physics and philosophy."
- About Sean
- Articles | Google Scholar
- Sean M. Carroll | Wikipedia
Sean Michael Carroll (born October 5, 1966) is an American theoretical physicist and philosopher
who specializes in quantum mechanics, cosmology, and philosophy of science.
- Rethinking Reality | Science News
|
Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein disagreed over the nature of reality; Einstein famously said that he could not believe that God would play dice with the universe. "We shouldn’t fool ourselves into mistaking the world as we experience it for the world as it really is." Sean Carroll
|
- The Big Picture: On the Origins of Life, Meaning, and the Universe Itself | Amazon
Paperback – Illustrated, May 16, 2017 by Sean Carroll (Author)
- Something Deeply Hidden: Quantum Worlds and the Emergence of Spacetime | Sean Carroll
- Something Deeply Hidden: Quantum Worlds and the Emergence of Spacetime | Amazon
By Sean Carroll (Author) - Hardcover – Illustrated
- Something Deeply Hidden: Quantum Worlds and the Emergence of Spacetime Kindle Edition | Amazon
By Sean Carroll (Author) Format: Kindle Edition
- In 'Something Deeply Hidden,' Sean Carroll Argues There Are Infinite Copies Of You
Review by Adam Frank | NPR
- An Evening with Sean Carroll, Author of Something Deeply Hidden | Video (1:09:21)
As usual, there are other related videos listed on the right side of the page. - YouTube
- New Course: The Many Hidden Worlds of Quantum Mechanics | Blog of Sean Carroll
- Jim Baggott's Website
- Idealism | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Stellar Consciousness: Can Panpsychism Emerge as an Observational Science? | PDF File - Gregory Matloff
- Can Panpsychism Become an Observational Science? by Gregory Matloff | jcer.com
Can be expanded to FULL SCREEN.
- Panpsychism as an Observational Science | PDF File - Greg Matloff
- Books by Gregory L. Matloff | thriftbooks
- Starlight Starbright: Are Stars Conscious? Second Edition by Greg Matloff, C Bangs | Barnes & Noble
- The universe may be conscious, say prominent scientists | Big Think
A proto-consciousness field theory could replace the theory of dark matter, one physicist states.
- Philosophers on Consciousness - Talking about the Mind by Jack Symes (Anthology Editor) | Bloomsbury
- Is the Universe Conscious? Rupert Taylor | owlcation
- The Philosophy of Consciousness | Rupert Taylor | Owlcation - Includes videos
- Pure Consciousness As Ultimate Reality by Alan M. Laibelman | PDF File (25 pages) | University of Toronto Press
- Is Consciousness Part of the Fabric of the Universe? | by Dan Falk on September 25, 2023 | Scientific American
Physicists and philosophers recently met to debate a theory of consciousness called panpsychism.
- Books on Consciousness | Amazon
- Leonardo da Vinci, his Life and Artworks (1452-1519) | Paintings, Drawings, Quotes, Biography
- Biography (1452-1519)
- His Masterpieces
- The Vitruvian Man - by Leonardo da Vinci
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) | MacTutor
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Summary: Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian artist and scholar who had many talents in addition to his painting. He worked on mechanics, though geometry was his main love. He was involved in hydrodynamics, anatomy, mechanics, mathematics and optics.
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- Quotations
- Quotes from Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks
- Leonardo da Vinci - Italian artist, engineer, and scientist | Britannica
- Da Vinci - The Genius | Museum of Science
- Hellenica World
- Leonardo da Vinci | Biography
- Leonardo da Vinci | Wikipedia
- Leonardo da Vinci | New World Encyclopedia
- Essay: Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) by Carmen Bambach | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Leonardo da Vinci | Facts, Paintings & Inventions | History Channel
- Leonardo da Vinci | Louvre
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) | The National Gallery
- Da Vinci - The Genius | The Renaissance Man | Museum of Science
- Leonardo da Vinci | The Art Story
- How Leonardo da Vinci Changed the World | Video (53:44) - YouTube
- Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519)
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) | UCMP
- The Secret Lives of Leonardo da Vinci by Claudia Roth Pierpont | The New Yorker
- Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks - (1452 – 1519)
- The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci by Jean Paul Richter | Sacred-Texts
- The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci | Wikisource
- Books by Leonardo, da Vinci (sorted by popularity) | Project Gutenberg
- Leonardo's Notebooks by Leonardo da Vinci, H. Anna Suh (Editor) | goodreads
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The writing and art is selected by art historian H. Anna Suh, who provides fascinating commentary and insight into the material, making Leonardo's Notebooks an exquisite single-volume compendium celebrating his enduring genius.
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- Leonardo's Notebooks: Writing and Art of the Great Master by Leonardo da Vinci (Author), H. Anna Suh (Editor) | Amazon
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Leonardo's Notebooks is a biography of the genius in his own words, connecting moments of his life to artistic accomplishments through his writings, drawings, and intimate thoughts.
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- The Complete Notebooks of
Leonardo Da Vinci (Volume 1) Translated by Jean Paul Richter | PDF File (607 pages)
- The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, Vol. II by Leonardo da Vinci | Dover Publications
- Leonardo da Vinci’s Notebooks Get Digitized: | Open Culture
Where to Read the Renaissance Man’s Manuscripts Online
- A Treatise on Painting by da Vinci, Leonardo | Project Gutenberg
- The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci (Volume 1) Paperback | Amazon
By Leonardo da Vinci (Author), Jean Paul Richter (Editor)
- List of works by Leonardo da Vinci | Wikipedia
- Observing the journals of Leonardo da Vinci
“Lying about in bed never bought anyone fame. You got to get up and work” – Leonardo da Vinci
- Leonardo da Vinci | World History Encyclopedia
- Books by Leonardo da Vinci | thriftbooks
- What's inside Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks? | National Geographic
- Leonardo da Vinci - Florentine, 1452 - 1519 | National Gallery of Art
- Leonardo Da Vinici Inventions - Leonardo da Vinci: an Inventor Ahead of His Time
- Leonardo da Vinci's Inventions | Google Arts and Culture
- Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci | Wikipedia
- Top 10 Most Ingenious Inventions of Leonardo Da Vinci | Arthive
In this article on Arthive, you will learn about 10 of the most ingenious inventions
of Leonardo Da Vinci that influenced history and the modern world.
- 10 of Leonardo da Vinci’s Most Important Inventions | History Hit
- Da Vinci - The Inventor | Visiosn of the Future | Museum of Science
- Leonardo da Vinci inventions and studies that changed the world | ZME Science
- Leonardo da Vinci - Inventions
- The 9 Greatest Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci | History is Now Magazine
- Leonardo da Vinci's 10 most extraordinary inventions | by Ailis Brennan | GQ Magazine
Warning: This article will not make you feel good about your life achievements.
- 3 Not so Known Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci | The Leonardo
- The Ingenious Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci Recreated with 3D Animation | Open Culture
Videos depict da Vinci's inventios and what they could have been.
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) | Wikipedia
- Da Vinci's Genius, Oliver Sacks on Consciousness and Other New Science Books | Scientific American
Leonardo da Vinci by Walter Isaacson. Simon & Schuster, 2017 ($35)
- Leonardo's Brain: Understanding Da Vinci's Creative Genius Paperback by Leonard Shlain (Author) | Amazon
- The Astounding Secret Behind Leonardo da Vinci's Creative Genius by Garry Rodgers
- Grey Matter Leonardo da Vinci: a genius driven to distraction by Marco Catani, Paolo Mazzarello | Oxford Academic BRAIN
- Book Review: Leonardo da Vinci: The Mind of the Renaissance by Tricia Stewart Shiu | ZO Magazine
- Essay: Leonardo da Vinci and the search for order in neuroscience | Science Direct
- Leonardo’s Brain: What a Posthumous “Brain Scan” Six Centuries Later Reveals about the Source of Da Vinci’s Creativity
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Leonardo da Vinci: The Nature of Invention | Transition Consciousness
- What is consciousness? | Gavin Jensen
- Take a deep dive into the genius mind of Leonardo da Vinci | WIRED Magazine
- Books on Leonardo da Vinci | Amazon
- Inside The Mind Of Leonardo Da Vinci | Video (1:24:55) | Daily Motion
- Leonardo da Vinci and the divine nature of Humanity | The Spirit of the Eye
- The Mind of Leonardo Da Vinci | Blog by Jonathan Pevsner | Scientific American
- The Creative Philosophies of Leonardo da Vinci: Nature as the Perfect Creator
By Julia M. Swanson | PDF File (14 pages)
- Article: The Mind of Leonardo da Vinci by Waqas Ahmed | Philosophy Now
"These are the principles for the development of a complete mind: Study the science of art.
Study the art of science… Realize that everything connects to everything else." Leonardo da Vinci
- Leonardo da Vinci | On the Philosophy, Art & Science of Leonardo da Vinci | On Truth & Reality
- Art, science, and nature: Leonardo da Vinci's world | Essay by Shelly Chen
- The Philosophy of Life Based on Leonardo da Vinci: Creativity, Curiosity, and the Pursuit of Knowledge | Medium
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Leonardo da Vinci had a deep reverence for nature and believed in the interconnectedness of all living things. He observed and studied the natural world, drawing inspiration from its patterns, forms, and processes.
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- Thoughts on art and life by Leonardo da Vinci: Translated by Maurice Baring | Discovering da Vinci
- Special Feature: Leonardo da Vinci: Cause, effect, linearity, and memory } Science Direct
- What We Can Learn From Leonardo by Fritjof Capra | Center For Ecoliteracy
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This essay is adapted from lectures delivered by Fritjof Capra at the Center for Ecoliteracy's seminar "Sustainability Education: Connecting Art, Science, and Design," August 16–18, 2010.
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- Leonardo da Vinci: The Marvellous Works of Nature and Man by Martin Kemp | goodreads
- Studies of nature by Leonardo da Vinci | Web Gallery of Art
- Leonardo: Anatomist - by Nature Video - YouTube
- Leonardo da Vinci Quotes | goodreads
- Famous Leonardo Da Vinci's Quotes
- Leonardo da Vinci Quotes | Brainy Quotes
- Images of Leonardo da Vinci and related elements | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Stephen Hawking - Official Home Page
- Biography
- Biography | Famous Scientists
- Stephen Hawking | Facts, Biography, Books, & Theories | Britannica
- Stephen Hawking: A Life in Science by John Gribbin | Simon & Schuster
- The True Story Behind The Theory of Everything | November 7, 2014 - Time
- A Brief History of Time | Amazon
- A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes | Barnes & Noble
- A Brief History of Time | Wikipedia
- On the Origin of Time: Stephen Hawking's Final Theory (Hardcover) by Thomas Hertog | Penguin Book Shop
- On the Origin of Time: Stephen Hawking's Final Theory Hardcover – by Thomas Hertog (Author) | Amazon
- Article: On the Origin of Time | Synopsis | Wikipedia
- ‘On the Origin of Time’ Review: A Spectacular Synopsis of Hawking’s Final Theory by Arielle C. Frommer | The Harvard Crimson
- 8 Best Stephen Hawking Books: Explore the Mysteries of the Universe (2023) | The Economics Times
- The Stephen Hawking Book List | Penguin Random House
- Books by Stephen Hawking | Amazon
- Books by Stephen Hawking | thriftbooks
- The Stephen Hawking Book List | Penguin Random House
- Stephen Hawking Books | wallstreetmojo
- Stephen Hawking Books | Barnes & Noble
- Books By Stephen Hawking | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- The Nature of Space and Time by Stephen Hawking (Author), Roger Penrose (Author) | Amazon
- The Nature of Space and Time by Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose | Princeton University Press
- How Stephen Hawking's Greatest Discovery Revolutionized Black Holes by Ethan Siegel | Forbes
- 4 bizarre Stephen Hawking theories that turned out to be right (and 6 we're not sure about) by Andrew May | Live Science
- Stephen Hawking: 'There is no heaven; it's a fairy story.' | Interview with The Guardian | Ian Sample, May 15, 2011
- Stephen Hawking in Freefall Flight - NASA science photo library
- Flying Stephen Hawking in Zero-G
- Stephen Hawking’s remarkable life in pictures | CNN
- Stephen Hawking Was a Living Metaphor for the Scientific Endeavor | The New Yorker
- The Profile Dossier: Stephen Hawking, the Explorer of the Universe
"Intelligence is the ability to adapt to change."
- She was Stephen Hawking's first wife: Jane took care of her husband, raised a child, and completed her doctorate
- Brave New World with Stephen Hawking - Watch Free Documentary Online - 2 hours, 18 minutes
- Into the Universe (180 minutes) | Watch Free Documentary Online
- Biography: Facts, Birthday, Life Story
- Stephen Hawking | Wikipedia
- Stephen Hawking’s Philosophy: Model-Dependent Realism by Paul Austin Murphy | Medium
- How Stephen Hawking Helped Redefine the Rules of Reality by Brian Greene | Time Magazine
- Quantum musing on Stephen Hawking and reality by Samir Shukla | Times of India
- Stephen Hawking’s Creation Confusion by William Carroll | The Public Discourse
- Stephen Hawking: 'There are no black holes' | Nature
- What Stephen Hawking Taught Me About Reality | The Center for Contemplative Practice
- Philosophy is dead, asserts Stephen Hawking in new book by John Wojcik | People's World
- The Elusive Theory of Everything | by Leonard Mlodinow & Stephen Hawking | Scientific American
- Stephen Hawking: 'There is no unique picture of reality.' | Quote Meanings | The Socratic Method
- Questioning Truth, Reality and the Role of Science | Quanta Magazine
- Dr. Stephen Hawking | Starchild - NASA
- Stephen Hawking: The science that made him famous | BBC
- Memoirs: Stephen William Hawking CH CBE. 8 January 1942—14 March 2018 | The Royal Society Publishing
- Stephen Hawking and the Science of Black Holes | Includes brief video | BBVA Open Mind
- Stephen Hawking Dies at 76; His Mind Roamed the Cosmos | March 14, 2018 - The New York Times
- Stephen Hawking, brightest star in cosmology, dies aged 76 | March 14, 2018 - The Guardian
- Stephen Hawking Obituary by Roger Penrose | The Guardian
- Stephen Hawking visionary physicist dies age 76 | March 14, 2018 - BBC
- Pictures of Stephen Hawking | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) | Britannica
- Benjamin Frankloin | Britannica KIDS
- Benjamin Franklin | Wikipedia
- Benjamin Franklin Resources | The Franklin Institute
- Benjamin Franklin | Biography
- The Reluctant Revolutionary | Article by Susan Dunn | Oct. 20, 2002 | The New York Times
- Benjamin Franklin - The American Revolution | History Channel | Includes brief video
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Did you know? Benjamin Franklin is the only Founding Father to have signed all four of the key documents establishing the U.S.: the Declaration of Independence (1776), the Treaty of Alliance with France (1778), the Treaty of Paris establishing peace with Great Britain (1783) and the U.S. Constitution (1787).
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- Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790) | University Archives & Records Canter - University of Pennsylvania
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He was also instrumental in the improvement of the lighting and paving of Philadelphia and in the organization of a police force, fire companies, Pennsylvania Hospital, the Library Company of Philadelphia, as well as the Academy and College of Philadelphia.
|
- Biography: Benjamin Franklin | Article: John and Abigal Adams | PBS
- Benjamin Franklin | Short Biography | Benjamin Franklin Historical Society
- Benjamin Franklin | National Museum of American Diplomacy
- Collection: Benjamin Franklin Papers | Articles & Essays - Timeline | Library of Congress
- Benjamin Franklin
An American Life by Walter Isaacson | Simon & Schuster
- Benjamin Franklin: An American Life Paperback – by Walter Isaacson (Author) | Amazon
- Benjamin Franklin: An American Life
by Walter Isaacson | Barnes & Noble
- Benjamin Franklin - Paperback – by Carl Van Doren (Author) | Amazon
- The Life of Benjamin Franklin, Volume 1 (568 pages) by J. A. Leo Lemay | University of Pennsylvania Press
- Benjamin Franklin - A Film by Ken Burns | PBS
- Finding Benjamin Franklin: A Resource Guide | Library of Congress
- Ben Franklin’s Writing Enlightens and Entertains America | Blog | Americana Corner
- Books by Benjamin Franklin | thriftbooks
- Books by Benjamin Franklin | BIBLIO
- Reading List by Ken Burns | PBS
- The Papers of Benjamin Franklin
Sponsored by The American Philosophical Society and Yale University
- Books by Franklin, Benjamin (sorted by popularity) | Project Gutenberg
- Best Books on Benjamin Franklin: Lorraine Pangle | The Jack Miller Center
- The Works of Benjamin Franklin, in 12 vols. | Online Library of Liberty
- The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin - Paperback – by Benjamin Franklin | Amazon
Leonard W. Labaree (Editor), Ralph L. Ketcham (Editor), Helen C. Boatfield (Editor)
- The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin - by Benjamin Franklin - Paperback | Diane's Books
Leonard W. Labaree (Editor), Ralph L. Ketcham (Editor), Helen C. Boatfield (Editor)
- The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
Second Edition by Benjamin Franklin | Yale University Press
- Morgan, Edmund S. - Benjamin Franklin | Rare Book Cellar
- The Scientific Mind of Ben Franklin | Article by Jerry Weinberger | The New Atlantis
- Benjamin Franklin, Polymath | Article by Kurt Cagle | Medium
- Benjamin Franklin and lightning rods | Article by E. Phillip Krider | Physics Today
- Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) - The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin | Hanover College
The link to "the Original Electronic Text" goes elsewhere.
- Benjamin Franklin’s Observations and Experiments on Electricity | PBS | A Film by Ken Burns | Video (5:49) - YouTube
On the right side of the page, as youtube works, are more videos about Ben Franklin.
- Benjamin Franklin and Science | Independence National Park
- Benjamin Franklin His Autobiography 1706-1757 | American History from Revolution to Reconstruction
- The Cambridge Companion to Benjamin Franklin | Edited by Carla Mulford
Pennsylvania State University | Cambridge University Press
- Ben Franklin's Vision | Hoover Institution
- The Nature and Necessity of a Paper-Currency, 3 April 1729 | Founders Online - National Archive
- Benjamin Franklin and American Diplomacy | Video (56 minutes) | PBS
- Ben Franklin: The Original American | Kite and Key Media | Video (7 minutes)
Very much worth watching.
- A Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge among the British Plantations in America | Ben Franklin 1743
PDF File - National Humanities Center
- Benjamin Franklin | Article by Katherine L. Johnston | Learning to Give
- Benjamin Franklin’s Philosophy of Education
- Fact Sheet: Benjamin Franklin's Inventions | Visit Philly
- What Did Benjamin Franklin Invent? Much More Than Bifocals | Article by John Fuller | HowStuffWorks
- Inventions and scientific inquiries | Wikipedia
- Benjamin Franklin’s Inventions | Smithsonian National Museum of American History
- Inventions and Improvements | Benjamin Franklin Historical Society
- Ben Franklin: Inventor and Innovator | Almanac University of Pennsylvania
- Benjamin Franklin: In His Own Words | Library of Congress
- Benjamin Franklin's Famous Quotes | The Franklin Institute
- Top 10 Benjamin Franklin Quotes | Brainy Quote
- Benjamin Franklin>Quotes | goodreads
- Benjamin Franklin Quotes | A-Z Quotes
- Paintings and images of Benjamin Franklin | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Thomas A. Edison (1847-1931) | Britannica
...yet he employed as his aides, at various times, a number of eminent mathematical physicists, such as Nikola Tesla and A.E. Kennelly.
- Arthur Edwin Kennelly | Britannica
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Arthur Edwin Kennelly (born Dec. 17, 1861, Colaba, India—died June 18, 1939, Boston) U.S. electrical engineer who made innovations in analytic methods in electronics, particularly the definitive application of complex-number theory to alternating-current (ac) circuits.
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- Life of Thomas Alva Edison | Library of Congress
|
Inventor Thomas Alva Edison profoundly influenced modern life through inventions such as the incandescent light bulb, the phonograph, and the motion picture camera. During his lifetime, he acquired 1,093 patents, and marketed many of his inventions to the public.
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- Thomas Edison (1847-1931) | Wikipedia
- Thomas Edison (1847-1931) | Famous Inventors - Biography
Thomas Edison is credited with inventions such as the first practical incandescent
light bulb and the phonograph. He held over 1,000 patents for his inventions.
- Thomas Edison | National Historical Park - New Jersey
- Edison Hardcover – by Edmund Morris (Author) | Amazon
In all, this near-deaf genius (“I haven’t heard a bird sing since I was twelve years old”) patented 1,093 inventions,
not including others, such as the X-ray fluoroscope, that he left unlicensed for the benefit of medicine.
- Thomas Edison Inventions | Edison Foundation
- The Edisonian Approach | Wikipedia
- Edison Muckers
- Books by Thomas A. Edison | Showing 30 distinct books | goodreads
- The Papers of Thomas A. Edison - New Beginnings, January 1885–December 1887 | Johns Hopkins University Press
- The Papers of Thomas A. Edison: Research to Development at Menlo Park, January 1879-March 1881 (Volume 5) | Amazon
- The Papers of Thomas A. Edison | National Archives
- Why AC Power REALLY Won the Current Wars | Article
- War of the currents | Wikipedia
- Edison Vs. Tesla | Energy.gov
- How Edison, Tesla and Westinghouse Battled to Electrify America | History Channel
- Tesla versus Edison: the conflict that gave us alternating current
- 1888: One Newfoundland, for Thomas Alva Edison
- Why did Thomas Edison electrocute an elephant? | Article by Nathan Chandler | HowStuffWorks
- Electrocuting an Elephant | Wikipedia
- Famous Thomas Edison Quotes | Thought.co
- Thomas A. Edison > Quotes | goodreads
- Pictures of Thomas A. Edison | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Biography of Lewis Latimer, Noted Black Inventor (1848-1928) | Thought.co
He contributed to the development of the light bulb and telephone.
- Lewis Latimer & The Invention Of Electric Light | Myrtle Avenue
- Lewis Latimer, Black Inventor of Some Life Changing Inventions | Brief video - YouTube
- Lewis Howard Latimer (1848-1928) | Wikipedia
|
While Thomas Edison is often credited with inventing the practical incandescent light bulb, Latimer's contributions to its development were invaluable, and he played a crucial role in advancing the technology.
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- Innovative Lives: Lewis Latimer (1848-1928): Renaissance Man | National Museum of American History - Smithsonian
- Lewis Howard Latimer
Biography | Lewis Latimer House Museum
- Lewis Latimer - Improvement to the carbon-filament used for light bulbs | MIT
- Lewis Latimer | National Inventors Hall of Fame
- Lewis Howard Latimer (1848-1918) | Biography
|
Over the course of his career as a draftsman, Latimer worked closely with Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell, in addition to designing his own inventions.
|
- Lewis Howard Latimer Life Story: Inventor and Innovator | Video (6:37) - YouTube
- Lewis Latimer | Black Inventor Online Museum
- Lewis Howard Latimer Inventor (1848-1928) | Bridgewater State University
- Lewis Latimer | Biography and Notable Patents | Eangineering and Technology History
- Lewis Latimer | Edison Awards
- Lewis H. Latimer: A Life of Lightbulb Moments | IEEE Spectrum
- Incandescent Electric Lighting: A Practical Description Of The Edison System (1890) Paperback | Amazon
By L H Latimer (Author), C J Field (Author), John White Howell (Author)
- Lewis Latimer: Contributing to a Brighter World | Spark Museum
"Latimer retired in 1924 an accomplished engineer, draftsman, inventor,
writer, poet, and esteemed representative of the Black community."
- Lewis Howard Latimer Quotes | AZ Quotes
- Pictures/images of Lewis Howard Latimer | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) | Britannica
- Nikola Tesla | Biography
- Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) | Wikipedia
- Biography | Tesla Memorial Society of New York
- Tesla Science Center
- Nikola Tesla: The biography - The Life and Times of a Genius who Invented the Electrical Age
Paperback by United Library (Author) | Amazon
Nikola Tesla was a scientist whose inventions include the Tesla coil, alternating-current,
electricity, and the discovery of the rotating magnetic field.
- The Rise and Fall of Nikola Tesla and His Tower | Smithsonian Magazine
- Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) - Forgotten American Scientist
- About Nikola Tesla | Tesla Science Center
- Nikola Tesla
Serbian-American inventor | Britannica
- Case Files: Nikola Tesla | The Franklin Institute
- Welcome to the Nikola Tesla Museum
- Nikola Tesla: Topics in Chronicling America | Research Guides - Library of Congress
- Nikola Tesla | New World Encyclopedia
- Tesla, Master of Lightning | PBS
- Tesla Memorial Society | The Official Nikola Tesla Website
- Nikola Tesla - Wikipedia
- Tesla: Wizard at War: The Genius, the Particle Beam Weapon, and the Pursuit of Power by Marc Seifer | Amazon
- Tesla: Wizard at War: The Genius, the Particle Beam Weapon, and the Pursuit of Power by Marc Seifer | Barnes & Noble
- Tesla: Wizard at War: The Genius, the Particle Beam Weapon, and the Pursuit of Power Author Marc Seifer | Penguin-Random House
- Tesla: Wizard at War: The Genius, the Particle Beam Weapon, and the Pursuit of Power
by Marc J. Seifer | goodreads
- Books by Nikola Tesla | thriftbooks
- List of Nikola Tesla writings | Wikipedia
- Books by Nikola Tesla | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Tesla Book Store - Complete Book List | 21st Century Books
- Selected Tesla Writings
A collection of scientific papers and articles by Tesla and others
about Tesla's work primarily in the field of electrical engineering.
- The Genius Nicola Tesla and Mathematics by Liliana Usvat | Mathmatics Magazine
- Books | The Tesla Science Foundation
- Case Files: Nikola Tesla | The Franklin Institute
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"In 1912, the Nobel Committee announced that Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison were the recipients of the Physics Prize; instead, the prize went to Gustav Dalen. Details of the reversal are unclear but it is known that Tesla refused the prize (and the $20,000 that came with it)."
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- The real reason Tesla never won a Nobel Prize |
Written By Ryan McCostlin
- Nikola Tesla | Guglielmo Marconi Foundation
- Prodigal Genius: The Life of Nikola Tesla by James O'Neil | PDF File (251 pages)
Excerpt from foreward: "Much is revealed on Tesla’s eccentric personality,
his competition with Thomas Edison, and how he made his first million
before the age of forty. Money was not important to him, however, nor was
The Nobel Prize, which he refused to accept. It was always the science that
came first. Due to the author’s friendship with him,
we are allowed an up
close and intimate view into the mind of this genius inventor."
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- The Genius of Tesla | Little Rock School District
- Nikola Tesla: Eulogy by Mayor LaGuardia | New York: January 10, 1943
- Death of Nikola Tesla | History Today
Child genius, engineer, inventor and physicist, Nikola Tesla died on 7 January 1943.
- Pictures of Nikola Tesla | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 was awarded jointly to Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun
"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"
|
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 - Guglielmo Marconi - Biographical
- FACTS
- Guglielmo Marconi - Radio | National Inventors Hall of Fame
- Guglielmo Marconi | Wikipedia
- Invention of the radio | Wikipedia
|
Marconi was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun for their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy. Marconi's demonstrations of the use of radio for wireless communications, equipping ships with life saving wireless communications, establishing the first transatlantic radio service, and building the first stations for the British shortwave service, have marked his place in history.
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- Guglielmo Marconi Foundation: history and innovation
- Welcome to the official site of Guglielmo Marconi Foundation, established in 1938.
- Guglielmo Marconi - Italian physicist | Britannica
- Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) | Biography
|
Through his experiments in wireless telegraphy, Nobel Prize-winning physicist/inventor Guglielmo Marconi developed the first effective system of radio communication.
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- Guglielmo Marconi | Famous Scientists
|
Continuing with his experiments, he established the world’s first microwave radiotelephone link in 1932, and later he devised the microwave beacon for ship navigation.
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- Guglielmo Marconi | History Channel
- Who Invented Radio? | PBS
- Tesla v. Marconi: clash of titans
- How Nikola Tesla’s St. Louis lecture helped prove that he invented radio | St. Louis Magazine
- The Radio Wars: Tesla verses Marconi | Medium
- When Was the Radio Invented? by Josh Briggs | HowStuffWorks
- Famous Inventors Who Don’t Deserve Credit For Their Most Well-Known Creation
By John Kuroski Edited By Savannah Cox | ATI
- Misreading the Supreme Court: A Puzzling Chapter in the History of Radio | Mercurians
- Radio's 100 Men of Science: Biographical Narratives of Pathfinders in Electronics and Television | Amazon
By Dunlap, Orrin, E, Jr. , (Author)
- Tesla, Marconi, and the Great Radio Controversy:
Awarding Patent Damages without Chilling a Defendant's Incentive to Innovate
By Christopher A. Harkins | PDF File (73 pages)
- Books by Guglielmo Marconi | Showing 24 distinct works | goodreads
- Marconi Guglielmo Books | alibris
- Marconi: The Man Who Networked the World by Marc Raboy | MIT Press Bookstore
- Guglielmo Marconi: Radio Pioneer by Birch, Beverley | ABE B ooks
- My Father, Marconi by Degna Marconi | Google Books
- Marconi, the Hero of the Titanic | BBVA Open Mind
- Pictures/images of Guglielmo Marconi | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) | Britannica
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020
|
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 was divided, one half awarded to Roger Penrose "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity", the other half jointly to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy"
|
- Quantum Consciousness | Stuart Hameroff MD
- Consciousness in the universe: A review of the ‘Orch OR’ theory | Stuart Hameroff, Roger Penrose | Science Direct
- The revised Penrose–Hameroff orchestrated objective-reduction proposal for human consciousness is not scientifically justified:
Comment on “Consciousness in the universe: A review of the ‘Orch OR’ theory” by Hameroff and Penrose | Physics of Life Reviews
- Orch OR and Microtubules Research | Syntropy Zone
- At the crossroad of the search for spontaneous radiation and the Orch OR consciousness theory | The Physics of Life Reviews
- A Short Biography of Douglas E. Harding
- Douglas Harding | Scholarly Community Encyclopedia
- Douglas Harding (1909-2007) | Biography | handwiki.org
- Douglas Harding - Philosopher February 12, 1909 – January 11, 2007 | The LIbrry of Consciousness
- The Man With No Head: The Life and Ideas of Douglas Harding by Richard Lang | Indigo
Illustrated by Victor Lunn-Rockliffe
- On Having No Head: Zen and the Rediscovery of the Obvious Paperback – by Douglas E. Harding (Author) | Amazon
- On Having No Head by Douglas Edison Harding | Barnes & Noble
- Harding's Moment of Discovery - Extract from On Having No Head - Douglas Harding | The Headless Way
- on having no head | Douglas Harding reflects on finding himself headless | The Awakened Eye
- On Having No Head by D. E. Harding | PDF file (58 pages) | Internet Archive
Zen and the rediscovery of the obvious
- Body, Self and Others: Harding, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty on Intersubjectivity | MDPI
By Brentyn J Ramm |
"Douglas Harding developed a unique first-person experimental approach for
investigating consciousness that is still relatively unknown in academia."
- Body, Self and Others: Harding, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty on Intersubjectivity
PDF Download available | ResearchGate
- Pure Awareness Experience by Brentyn J. Ramm | PDF File (36 pages) | Internet Archive
Published in Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy
- The Hierarchy of Heaven and Earth (abridged) by Douglas Edison Harding | Barnes & Noble
With an Introduction by C.S. Lewis
- The hierarchy of heaven and earth | Douglas Edison Harding | PhilArchive
- Bibliography - Douglas Harding
- Douglas Harding | Audio Books | Audible
- Showing results by author "Douglas Harding" in All Categories | Audible
- The Science of the First Person | The Headless Way
- The Science of the 1st Person: Its Principles, Practice and Potential by Douglas Edison Harding | Barnes & Noble
- Presentations of Douglas Harding | The Werner Erhard Foundation
- Douglas Harding Quotes | azquotes
- Douglas Harding | The Mystic Missal
"One of the first things I should say is that I find it a most extraordinary thing to exist, to have happened. I don't mean just to be Douglas Harding, but to be at all, to be aware, to be an awareness, or even Awareness itself. What an extraordinary thing and what a pity to come by this awareness, to be aware, and then not to get the taste of it! It seems an awful thing, sad and chicken-hearted and miserable, not to be interested in these matters. So, what I'm up to, at its briefest, is to wake up to the mystery of myself." --
Douglas Harding
- Douglas Edison Harding (12 February 1909 – 11 January 2007) | Wikipedia
- Obituary: Douglas Harding - mystic writer of genius | The Independent
- Douglas Harding Obituary | Mystic Writer of Genius | The Headless Way
Douglas Edison Harding, writer and philosopher: born Lowestoft, Suffolk 12 February 1909;
twice married (two sons, one daughter); died Nacton, Suffolk 11 January 2007.
- The Man with No Head | Video (34:06) - YouTube
The life and philosophy of Douglas Harding. The full film is available as a download.
Go to our bookstore and click on the menu - 'Downloadable on Vimeo'.
- Douglas Harding Quotes | idlehearts
- Pictures of Douglas Harding | Google Image Search
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Chronology of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries | UPenn
I couldn't resist adding this somewhere.
- Whitcomb L. Judson | Wikipedia
Judson is most noted for his invention of the zip fastener (zipper).
- Zipper | Wikipedia
Zippers began being used for clothing in 1925 by Schott NYC on leather jackets.
- Understanding the Reality in Buddhist Teachings | March 31, 2023 | Jamyang
- The difference between ‘prajñ?’ (sherab) and ‘jñ?na’ (yeshe) | Dakini Translations
and their role in understanding the Buddhist ‘view’
- Understanding of Self: Buddhism and Psychoanalysis | Journal of Religion and Health | Springer Link
- Bd
How Do We Create Our Reality? by Guo Gu | September1, 2022 | Lion's Roar
- Two truths doctrine - Article | Wikipedia
- Perception Is Not Reality by Jim Taylor Ph.D. | Psychology Today
- Esoterism Academy | Article: The Awakening
- Objects of Perception | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- The Neuroscience of Reality by Anil K. Seth on September 1, 2019 | Scientific American
Reality is constructed by the brain, and no two brains are exactly alike.
- Epistemological Problems of Perception | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
"The central problem in the epistemology of perception is that of explaining how perception could give us knowledge
or justified belief about an external world, about things outside of ourselves."
- The Problem of Perception | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- How Much Can We Know? | Article by Marcelo Gleiser | Nature
- What Is The Nature Of Reality? | Philosophy Now FORUM
- Understanding human perception by human-made illusions | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Dr. Amit Goswami, PhD | Quantum University
- James Hutton ( 1726-1797) | Britannica
- Geochronology
- Theory of the Earth
- Biography of James Hutton, Founder of Modern Geology (June 3, 1726–March 26, 1797) | Thought.co
- History of Geology | Wikipedia
- James Hutton (1726-1797)
Was a Scottish geologist, agriculturalist, chemical manufacturer, naturalist and physician.
Often referred to as the "Father of Modern Geology," he played a key role in establishing geology as a modern science.
- James Hutton | Britannica
- What is Evolution? | LibreTexts Biology
- James Hutton: The Founder of Modern Geology | American Museum of Natural History
- Article: The Blasphemous Geologist Who Rocked Our Understanding of Earth’s Age by Jim Morrison | Smithsonian Magazine
James Hutton was a leading light of his time, but is rarely talked about today.
- uniformitarianism summary | Britannica
- Uniformitarianism | National Geographic
The principle of uniformitarianism says that the present is the key to the past.
This principle has had a profound impact on the science of geology.
- Article: Geologic Principles—Uniformitarianism | National Park Service
- Uniformitarianism | Wikipedia
- The Foundation of Modern Geology created by Alexander Taylor
- James Hutton (1726-1797) | MacTutor
- James Hutton (1726-1797) | Scotish Science Hall of Fame
- James Hutton (1726-1797) | Edinburgh Geological Society
- Biography of James Hutton, Founder of Modern Geology | Thought.co
- James Hutton | Linda Hall Library
- Hutton, James | Encyclopedia.com
- Hutton, James | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- James Hutton – the Father of Modern Geology | Includes 7-minute video | SciHi.org
- Biographical Account of James Hutton, M.D. F.R.S. Ed. by John Playfair | Barnes & Noble
- The Man Who Found Time: James Hutton And The Discovery Of Earth's Antiquity by Jack Repcheck (Author) | Amazon
- Books by James Hutton | thriftbooks
- James Hutton (1726-1797) Theory of rain | Scottish Science Hall of Fame
[Read by the Author, Feb. 2. 1784.]
- Books by James Hutton | goodreads
- Theory Of The Earth (1788) Paperback – by M.D. James Hutton (Author) | Amazon
Theory Of The Earth (1788), written by legendary author M.D. James Hutton is widely
considered to be one of the greatest classic and historical texts of all time.
- Hutton, James. Theory of the Earth, with Proofs and Illustrations | Milestones of Science Books
The first modern theory of the formation of the earth's crust.
- Theory of the Earth, With Proofs and Illustrations, Volume 1 (of 4) by James Hutton
Read now or download | Project Gutenberg
- Theory of the Earth by James Hutton [1788 and 1795] | Sacred-Texts
- Theory of the Earth | Wikipedia
This idea, uniformitarianism, was used by Charles Lyell in his work,
and Lyell's textbook was an important influence on Charles Darwin.
- James Hutton: The Founder of Modern Geology | National Museums Scotland
- Book review: James Hutton - The Genius of Time, by Ray Perman | The Scotsman
- Hutton and Lyell Theories || Mrs. Biology | Video - YouTube
- Great Minds: James Hutton, Founder of Geology | Video - YouTube
- James Hutton : Deep Time | Video (9 minutes) - YouTube
- James Hutton (1726-97) and Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875) | Article by V.A. Eyles | Nature
- Images of James Hutton | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Where Did a Billion Years Of Earth's History Go? | Video (26 minutes) - YouTube
- How old is the Earth and how do we know?
- The pregeologic period | Britannica
- Age of Earth | Wikipedia
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An age of 4.55 ± 0.07 billion years, very close to today's accepted age, was determined by Clair Cameron Patterson using uranium–lead isotope dating (specifically lead–lead dating) on several meteorites including the Canyon Diablo meteorite and published in 1956.
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- How do scientists know how old the Earth is? | Article by Amalyah Hart | Cosmos Magazine
- Article: How Did Scientists Calculate the Age of Earth? | National Geographic
- How old is Earth? | Article by Nola Tillman | Space.com
- How Old is Earth, and How Do We Know? | Article by Robert Hazen | Evolution: Education and Outreach
- Age of Our Earth: 6,000 or 4.5 billion years old? | University of Notre Dame
- How Science Figured Out the Age of Earth | Article by Paul Braterman | Scientific American
- Age of the Earth | USGS
- How old is the Earth? | Article by Kate Howells | The Planetary Society
- Charles Lyell (1797-1875) | Britannica
- Charles Lyell (1797-1875) | Wikipedia
Lyell helped to arrange the simultaneous publication in 1858 of papers by Darwin
and Alfred Russel Wallace on natural selection, despite his personal religious qualms about the theory.
- Biography of Charles Lyell | Thought.co
- Charles Lyell | Strange Science
Long list of reference material at the bottom.
- Geology | Shmoop
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Hutton and Lyell laid important groundwork for evolutionary thought; geology and the principle of uniformitarianism were critical in showing that the earth had, indeed been around long enough for evolution to occur.
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- Uniformitarianism | Article by Matt Rosenberg | Thought.co
- Uniformitarianism: Charles Lyell | The History of Evolutionary Thought | Evolution Berkeley
- Scientific eminence of Charles Lyell | Britannica
- Uniformitarianism: Charles Lyell | Evolution - Berkeley
- ESP: Electronic Scholarly Publishing
The ESP site is dedicated to the electronic publishing of scientific and other scholarly materials.
- ManyBooks.net - Free E-Books
- Free ebooks - Project Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg offers over 40,000 free ebooks: choose among
free epub books, free kindle books, download them or read them online.
- Internet History Sourcebook Project | Fordham University
The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted historical texts
presented cleanly (without advertising or excessive layout) for educational use. | Paul Halsall, Editor
- Darwin, Then and Now
- Principles of Geology
Often called the most important scientific book ever, Charles Lyell‘s Principles of Geology
published in three volumes from 1830-33, shook prevailing views of how Earth had been formed.
-
Charles Lyell: Principles of Geology | PBS
- Principles of Geology by Charles Lyell | Wikipedia
Being an Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface, by Reference to Causes Now in Operation
- Principles of Geology | Darwin Online
- Online Books by Charles Lyell | The Online Books Page
- Books by Charles Lyell | thriftbooks
- Books by Lyell, Charles, Sir (sorted by popularity) | Project Gutenberg
- Books by Charles Lyell | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Books by Charles Lyell | Amazon
- Sir Charles Lyell's Books and Publications | University of Edinburgh
- Charles Lyell and scientific thinking in geology | Science Direct
- Charles Lyell | Strange Science
- Part 1. The life and influence of Lyell | PDF File (15 pages)
- The species problem in evolution education | | PDF File (13 pages) - Journal of Mathematics and Science Teacher
- Charles Lyell | Darwin Correspondence Projet - University of Cambridge
- Charles Lyell and the Principles of Geology | SciHi.org
- Charles Lyell and deep time | Article: The Geological Society
- Visions of Science: Charles Lyell | Essay by James C. Ungureanu - Historian of Science and Religion
- The Antiquity of Man as a Metaphysical Response to The Origin of Species | Essay by Daniel Lev | UC Davis
- Images of Charles Lyell | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Linnean Society
- Who was Linnaeus?
- His career and legacy
- Linnaean Collections
- The Biography of Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) | PDF File
- Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) | UCMP Berkeley
- Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) | Wikipedia
He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy."
- Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish botanist | Britannica
- The Man Who Organized Nature: The Life of Linnaeus | Harvard Book Store
By Gunnar Broberg, Anna Paterson (Translated By)
- The Man Who Organized Nature: The Life of Linnaeus Hardcover | Amazon
By Professor Gunnar Broberg (Author), Anna Paterson (Translator)
- How Carl Linnaeus Set Out to Label All of Life | Book Review | The New Yorker
- The Man Who Organized Nature: The Life of Linnaeus by Gunnar Broberg, Anna Paterson (Translator) | goodreads
- The Man Who Organized Nature: The Life of Linnaeus by Gunnar Broberg | De Gruyter
- Carl Linnaeus 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778 The father of modern taxonomy | New Scientist
- Carolus Linnaeus | Famous Scientists
- Carolus Linnaeus | Article by By Heather Scoville | Thought.co
- Carolus Linnaeus | New World Encyclopedia
- Linnaean Taxonomy
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His two prime contributions were: (1) to establish conventions for the naming of living organisms using binomial nomenclature (the genus name followed by the species name), and (2) developing an hierarchical system for classification of organisms.
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- Carl Linnaeus: Father of Classification (Great Minds of Science) Library Binding – by Margaret Jean Anderson (Author) | Amazon
- Carl Linnaeus: Father of Classification by Margaret Jean Anderson | Google Books
- Carl Linnaeus – ‘Princeps Botanicorum’, the Prince of Botany by Harold Sack | SciHi.org
- Carl Linnaeus Biography | Encyclopedia of World Biography
- Linnaeus, Carl (Carl Von Linné; 1707–1778; Ennobled 1761) | Encyclopedia.com
- The Compleat Naturalist: A Life of Linnaeus Hardcover – by Wilfred Blunt (Author) | Amazon
- Linnaeus: The Compleat Naturalist by Wilfrid Blunt | Princeton University Press
- (Linnaeus). Blunt, Wilfrid. The Compleat Naturalist. A Life of Linnaeus.| Bow Windows Bookshop
- The Compleat Naturalist; A Life of Linnaeus by Wilfrid Blunt with the assistance of William T. Stearn | BIBLIO
- Linnaeus and Race | The Linnean Society
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One of the origins of scientific racism can be traced to Linnaeus’ work on the classification of man, which had devastating and far-reaching consequences for humanity.
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- The legacy of Linnaeus | Nature
- Fact and Fantasy | Nature
- A History of the Ecological Sciences, | Journal of the Ecological Society of America
Part 23: Linnaeus and the Economy of Nature by Frank N. Egerton
- Taxonomist Carl Linnaeus on show at HMNH | The Harvard Gazette
- Linnaeus and the Feat of Ordering Nature | BBVA Open Mind
- Natural history and information overload: The case of Linnaeus by Staffan Müller-Wille, Isabelle Charmantier | Science Diredt
Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
- Indexing Nature: Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) and
his Fact-Gathering Strategies Staffan Müller-Wille & Sara Scharf
PDF File (46 pages)
- Carl Linnaeus: the scientist who saw evidence for God in everything in nature by Russell Grigg
- Linnaeus Primary Poster | PDF File
- Carl Linnaeus | Linda Hall Library
- Carl Linnaeus’s Systema Naturae | Video - YouTube
- The Linnaean collection | Natural History Museum
- Organization Man | Article by Kennedy Warne | Smithsonian Magazine
Carl Linnaeus, born 300 years ago, brought order to nature’s blooming, buzzing confusion.
Page contains a long list of brief, intersting videos.
- Who was Carl Linnaeus? | Live Science
- Books by Linnaeus | 1-16 of 86 results | Amazon
- The Carl Linnaeus Notebook 1725 - 1727 | Books & Art
The Carl Linnaeus Notebook 1725 - 1727; the very first work written by the world famous naturalist.
This is probably one of the most important works to help us understand the real Linnaeus.
- What Linnaeus Saw
A Scientist's Quest to Name Every Living Thing by Karen Magnuson Beil | W.W.Norton
- Sex, Botany and Empire: The Story of Carl Linnaeus and Joseph Banks | Summerield Books
- Books About Carl Linnaeus | Amazon
- Species Plantarum | Wikipedia
Species Plantarum (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753,
which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera.
- Species Plantarum | NCSU
- Species Plantarum, Sections I-III by Carl von Linné | Read now or download free | Project Gutenberg
- Linnaeus Publishes "Species Plantarum" (1753)
Taxonomy as we know it began on May 1, 1753.
- Linnaean sources and concepts of orchids | Charlie Jarvis1 and Phillip Cribb | NCBI - NLM
- Images of Carl Linnaeus | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) | Wikipedia
Was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent
of the idea that biological evolution occurred and proceeded in accordance with natural laws.
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- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) | UCMP Berkeley
- Jean Baptiste Lamarck | Evolution - PBS
- Lamarck and Darwin revisited | Ladislav Ková? | NCBI - NLM
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) | Britannica
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck | Early Evolutionists | Harvard University
- Early Concepts of Evolution: Jean Baptiste Lamarck | The History of Evolutionary Thought - Berkeley
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) | David Clifford, Ph.D., Cambridge University | The Victorian Web
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck | New World Encyclopedia
- Jean-Babtiste Lamarck (1744-1829): Works and Heritage
- Lamarck, Evolution, and the Inheritance of Acquired Characters by Richard W. Burkhardt, Jr.
Journal Genetics | NCBI - NLM
- Lamarckism | Wikipedia
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) | Evolution of Species - University of Oregon
- Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution: His Life and Work Hardcover – by Alpheus S. Packard (Author) | Amazon
- Books by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck | Amazon
- Lamarck, Jean-baptiste De. Philosophie Zoologique Manhattan Rare Book Company
- The Project Gutenberg EBook of Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution, by Alpheus Spring Packard | Project Gutenberg
- Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution His Life and Work by Alpheus Spring Packard | goodreads
- Lamarckism by Prof. R.K Upadhyay | PDF File (15 pages)
- Theories of Evolution Lamarckism by Dr. Istiak Mahfuz | PDF File (18 pages)
- Evolution | John Edmondson High School | PDF File (12 pages)
- Lamarck and the Inheritance of Acquired Characters | PDF File (10 pages)
- Lamarck vs. Darwin | PDF File
- Darwinism and Lamarckism before and after Weismann: A Historical, Philosophical, and
Methodological analysis.
Thesis presented by Francis J. Cartieri | PDF File (54 pages)
- Images Of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck | Google Imaghe Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- August Weismann (1834-1914) | Britannica
- August Weismann | Wikipedia
"Weismann is much admired today. Ernst Mayr judged him to be the most important evolutionary thinker
between Darwin and the evolutionary synthesis around 1930–1940, and "one of the great biologists of all time"."
- The Germ-Plasm: a Theory of Heredity (1893), by August Weismann | article by Yawen Zou
Embryo Project Encyclopedia - Arizona State University
- August Weismann | Linda Hall Library
"It has been often said that the ready acceptance of Mendel in 1900 was only possible because of Weismann."
- Welcome to the Charles Darwin & Evolution website
- August Friedrich Leopold Weismann (1834-1914) | Encyclopedia.com
- August Weismann and the Growth of Biological Understanding Between Darwin and the Rediscovery of Mendel
- August Weismann – the Founder of Neo-Darwinism | SciHi.org
- August Weismann: Development, Heredity, and Evolution by Frederick B. Churchill | Harvard University Press
- Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance and the Weismann Barrier: The Dawn of Neo-Lamarckian Theory
Authors: Eric E. Nilsson, Millissia Ben Maamar, and Michael K. Skinner | NCBI - NLM
- germ-plasm theory | Britannica
- Theory of Continuity of Germplasm
- August Weismann: A pioneer of genetics? – Ariane Dröscher | Video (30 minutes) - YouTube
- What experiment did Weismann perform? | BYJU's
- Weismann Barrier | Wikipedia
- History and Basic Concepts, Principles of Development | Developmental Biology - University of Utah
- Experimental Lamarckism by Brian Hayes | American Scientist
- The Modern Synthesis | LibreTexts: Social Sciences
- What Is Lost in the Weismann Barrier? | NCBI - NLM
Authors: Abigail P. Bline, Anne Le Goff, and Patrick Allard1
- Weismann barrier | Frozen Evolution
- Weismann Barrier | Scholarly Community Encyclopedia
- August Weismann facts for kids
- Commentary by Ruth Schwartz Cowan: Before Weismann and germplasm there was Galton and eugenics:
the biological and political meaning of the inheritance of acquired characteristics in the late 19th century.
- The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Evolution Theory, Vol. 1 of 2, by August Weismann | Project Gutenberg
- Studies in the Theory of Descent Hardcover –
by Dr August Weismann (Author) | Amazon
- Studies in the Theory of Descent
by Dr August Weismann | BIBLIO
- August Friedrich Leopold Weismann (1834-1914)
by Yawen Zou | Embryo Project Encyclopedia
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Excerpt: "Weismann predicted that in sexual reproduction, a form of reproduction involving two parents, the number of idants normally present in cells must reduce to half, so that, of the idants in the cells of an offspring, half came from the mother's germ cell and half came from the father's germ cell. That theory explained why the offspring had traits that resembled those in the mother and those in the father."
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- The Effect of External Influences upon Development by August Weismann | The Romanes Lecture | Wikisource
- The Effect of External Influences upon Development by August Weismann | The Romanes Lecture | Google Books
- Online Books by August Weismann | The Online Books Page | UPenn
- August Weismann's Theory of the Germ-Plasm and the Problem of Unconceived Alternatives
By P. Kyle Stanford | PDF File (38 pages) | UC Irvine
- Pictures/images of August Weismann | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Georges Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon (1707-1788) | MacTutor
- Old Earth, Ancient Life: Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | The History of Evolutionary Thought
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, count de Buffon (1707-1788) | Britannica
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While his great project opened up vast areas of knowledge that were beyond his powers to encompass, his Histoire naturelle was the first work to present the previously isolated and apparently disconnected facts of natural history in a generally intelligible form.
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- Evolution and Lamarck | Spark Notes
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An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's, when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals.
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- Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | Thought.co
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Excerpts: "Much like his theory on the origin of the Universe, the Comte de Buffon believed that the origin of life on Earth was also the result of natural phenomena. Also: Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon influenced Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's ideas of Natural Selection."
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- Histoire Naturelle | Wikipedia
Is an encyclopaedic collection of 36 large (quarto) volumes written between 1749–1804, initially by the Comte de Buffon,
and continued in eight more volumes after his death by his colleagues, led by Bernard Germain de Lacépède.
- Comte de Buffon | UPenn
- Special Collections find: Buffon’s animals | Posted by Hannah Johnson | University of Tulsa
- George-Louis Buffon (1707-88) | Dickinson College Blog
- Books by Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de (sorted by popularity) | Project Gutenberg
- The Project Gutenberg EBook of Buffon's Natural History. Volume V (of 10), by
Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon
- The Project Gutenberg EBook of Buffon's Natural History. Volume VII (of 10), by
Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon
- Buffon's Natural History: Containing a Full and Accurate Description of the Animated Beings in Nature
Hardcover – by Georges Louis Le Clerc Buffon (Creator) | Amazon
- 368 Animal Illustrations from Buffon's "Natural History" by Georges-Louis Leclerc comte de Buffon (Author) | Amazon
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707-1788) | Sally Newcomb, Guest Author | AIP
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | Quotes | goodreads
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon Quotes | A-Z Quotes
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon - Quotes | Wikiquote
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Excerpt: "He held something like Leibnitz's idea that every plant and animal was composed of a mass of minute particles, each of which was a pattern of the whole individual; and this enabled him to explain the origin of living creatures without reference to an act of creation."
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- Old Earth, Ancient Life: Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
The History of Evolutionary Thought - Berkeley
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707-1788) | UCMP: University of California Museum of Paleontology
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707-1788) | Linda Hall Library
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | Article - Wikipedia
- Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | Thought.co
While most of his work was influenced by Isaac Newton, he stressed that things
like planets were not created by God, but rather through natural events.
- The Epochs of Nature | University of Chicago Press
It is the first geological history of the world, stretching from the Earth’s origins to its foreseen end,...
- Georges Buffon
Influential biologist | Article: By Earle E. SpamerRichard M. McCourt | Lewis & Clark
- Buffon: A Life in Natural History by Jacques Roger | Google Books
- Buffon: A Life in Natural History by Jacques Roger (Author), Sarah Lucille Bonnefoi (Translator) | Amazon
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | Lived 1707 – 1788. | Famous Scientists
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon was a mathematician, naturalist and authored extensive works on natural history.
- Images of Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Robert Chambers (1802-1871) | UCMP Berkeley
- Robert Grant (1793-1874) | Early Evolutionists - The Friedman Lab | Harvard
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882) - British naturalist | Britannica
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Charles Darwin (born February 12, 1809, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England—died April 19, 1882, Downe, Kent) English naturalist whose scientific theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies.
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- The largest resource on Darwin | Edited by John van Wyhe | Darwin Online
- Life and Letters and Autobiography | An introduction by R. B. Freeman
- Biography
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882) | Wikipedia
- Charles Darwin: History’s most famous biologist | By Kerry Lotzof | Collections | Natural History Museum
- Biography of Charles Darwin, Originator of the Theory of Evolution | Thought.co
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882) | Biography
- Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895) | UCMP Berkeley
- Darwinia by Thomas Henry Huxley
- The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (Volume I) by Charles Darwin edited by Francis Darwin | Project Gutenberg
- Rewriting the Book of Nature: Charles Darwin and the Rise of Evolutionary Theory | U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Mystery of mysteries: Darwin and the species problem | Article by Marc Ereshefsky | Wiley Online Library
- The Evolution of Charles Darwin by Frank J. Sulloway | Smithsonian Magazine
- Charles Darwin (1809–1882) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Charles Darwin: one of Britain's most celebrated naturalists | Royal Museums Greenwich
- Darwin Foundation
- Darwin, evolution, & natural selection | Khan Academy
- A Timeline of the Life of Charels Darwin | University of Cambridge
- Books by Charles Darwin | goodreads
- Charles Robert Darwin (1809–1882) by K. A. Townley | Australian Dictionary of Biography
- The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (Volume 1) Published by John Murray | Edited by his son, Francis Darwin | Darwin Online
- The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin | Wikipedia
- The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (Volume 1) by Charles Darwin | Project Gutenberg
- The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin: Volume 1: Including an Autobiographical Chapter | Amazon
1st Edition by Charles Darwin (Author), Francis Darwin (Editor)
- The Autobiography of Charles Darwin: 1809-1882 Reissue Edition by Charles Darwin (Author), Nora Barlow (Editor) | Amazon
- The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809-1882 by Charles Darwin (Author), Nora Barlow (Editor) | Norton
Nora Barlow was Darwin's granddaughter.
- The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809-1882 by Darwin, Charles; Barlow, N. (Ed.) | BIBLIO
- Galapogos Conservation Trust | Historical Significance
Observations made by Charles Darwin during his visit to Galapagos in 1835 have given
the Archipelago a special place in history and in the development of modern science.
- Charles Darwin and the Mystery of Life | National Geographic KIDS
- Evolution as a Scientific Theory by Dennis Venema | BioLogos
- Charles Darwin and the Early Evolutionists | Harvard University
- Darwin Books | Amazon
- Darwin's Book Publications | American Museum of Natural History
- Books by Charles Darwin | thriftbooks
- Zharles Darwin's Books | Wikipedia
- The Darwins’ Prenup by Bruce Barcott | The New York Times
- Darwin, Charles | Peter Harrington - London
Rare books by Charles Darwin, including first editions of The Origin of the Species and The Descent of Man.
- The Evolution of Charles Darwin by Diana Preston | Grove Atlantic Publishers
The Epic Voyage of the Beagle That Forever Changed Our View of Life on Earth.
- The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex | Wikipedia
- The Descent of Man - An introduction by R. B. Freeman | Darwin Online
- How Darwin’s ‘Descent of Man’ Holds Up 150 Years After Publication by Dan Falk | Smithsonian Magazine
- The Descent of Man (Great Minds Series) Paperback – by Charles Darwin (Author) | Amazon
- The Descent of Man by Charles Darwin | 796 pages - paperback | goodreads
- Nietzsche & Evolution | Philosophy Now
- Was Darwin Wrong? No—Evidence for Evolution Is Overwhelming by David Quammen | National Geographic
- Darwin and the Nature of Species by David N. Stamos | SUNY Press
- Summary of Darwinism on Human Nature | Reason and Meaning
- Is Evolution True? Yes, and the World is Round Too | Reason and Meaning
- Darwin’s World of Pain and Wonder by Algis Valiunas | The New Atlantis
- Natural Selection | National Geographic
- Darwin and His Theory of Evolution | Pew Research Center
- What is natural selection? by Emily Osterloff | Natural History Museum
- What is Darwin's Theory of Evolution? By Ker Than, Tom Garner, Ashley P. Taylor | Live Science
- Speciation | National Geographic
There are five types of speciation: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric and artificial.
- Defining speciation | Berkeley UCMP
- Speciation | Wikipedia
- Speciation | Britannica
- Speciation: The Origin of New Species by Rebecca J. Safran | The Nature Education Knowledge Project
- What Is Speciation? | NCBI - NLM
By B. Jesse Shapiro, Jean-Baptiste Leducq, and James Mallet
- Species and Speciation | Khan Academy
- Quantum Darwinism, a new Theory on the Nature of Reality by Zayan Guedim | Edgy.com
Includes brief video by Doctor Zurek.
- Human Nature | Darwin Correspondence Project - University of Cambridge
- Darwin's greatest discovery: Design without designer | PNAS
- Darwin’s Philosophical Imperative and the Furor Theologicus by U. Kutschera | BMC
- The Evolution of Evolution | NSF
Includes brief video.
- Charles Darwin and the Origin of Life | NCBI NLM
Authors: Juli Peretó, Jeffrey L. Bada, and Antonio Lazcano
- Charles Darwin’s hunch about early life was probably right by Michael Marshall | BBC
In a few scrawled notes to a friend, biologist Charles Darwin theorised how life began.
Not only was it probably correct, his theory was a century ahead of its time.
- Article: Darwin and culture | Nature
- Early Theories of Evolution: Darwin and Natural Selection | Palomar College
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Excerpt: "Sadly, Darwin and most other 19th century biologists never knew of Mendel and his research. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that Mendel's pioneer research into genetic inheritance was rediscovered. This was long after his death. He never received the public acclaim that was eventually showered on Darwin during his lifetime."
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- Darwin’s Metaphysics of Mind by Robert J. Richards | PDF File (15 pages)
- The Theory of Evolution - Charles Darwin | On Truth and Reality
Quotes from Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882) on Evolution, Natural Selection, Science, Humanity, God & Religion
- Darwinism | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- The Influence of Darwin on Theory of Knowledge and Philosophy | A James Baldwin Source page
- The History of Evolutionary Thought | UCMP
- Quotes by Charles Darwin | goodreads
- 35 Charles Darwin Quotes on Life to Contemplate | Your Dictionary
- Charles Darwin Quotes | Brainy Quotes
- Pictures/images of Charles Darwin | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Alfred Russel Wallace Website
- Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) - British naturalist | Britannica
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His formulation of the theory of evolution by natural selection, which predated Charles Darwin’s published contributions, is his outstanding legacy, but it was just one of many controversial issues he studied and wrote about during his lifetime.
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- Who was Alfred Russel Wallace? | Article by James McNish | Natural History Museum
- "Alfred Russel Wallace: A Life" by Peter Raby Princeton University Press
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He penned a classic volume on his travels, founded the discipline of biogeography, promoted natural selection, and produced a distinctive account of mind and consciousness in man.
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- Alfred Wallace | National Geographic
- Alfred Russel Wallace | Wikipedia
- Alfred Russel Wallace | Famous Scientists
- Alfred Russel Wallace | The Collectors | Natural History Museum | Video - YouTube
- Alfred Russel Wallace: A Capsule Biography | The Alfred Russel Wallace Page
- Alfred Russel Wallace: A Life Paperback – September 1, 2002 by Peter Raby (Author) | Amazon
- Alfred Russel Wallace. A biographical sketch | Edited by John van Wyhe | Wallace Online
- Alfred Russel Wallace biography | age-of-the-sage.org
- Alfred Russel Wallace | New World Encyclopedia
- Radical by Nature: The Revolutionary Life of Alfred Russel Wallace
James T. Costa | Princeton University Press
A major new biography of the brilliant naturalist, traveler, humanitarian, and codiscoverer of natural selection.
- Radical by Nature: The Revolutionary Life of Alfred Russel Wallace
Book Review - The Inquisitive Biologist
Evolutionary biologist, entomologist, and Darwin and Wallace scholar James T. Costa
gives an in-depth, intimate, and updated story of his life.
- Alfred Russel Wallace facts for kids | Kids Encyclopedia Facts
- Alfred Russel Wallace's Unrealized Last Book: Insights from the Plan for Darwin and Wallace | The Royal Society Publishing
James T. Costa and George Beccaloni
- Books by Alfred Russel Wallace | thriftbooks
- Books by Wallace, Alfred Russel (sorted by popularity) | Project Gutenberg
- Full-Text of Wallace's Published Writings | The Alfred Russel Wallace Page
- Online Books by Alfred Russel Wallace |(1823-1913) | The Online Books Page
- Alfred Russel Wallace | goodreads
- Books by Alfred Russel Wallace | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Six Books about Wallace, Alfred Russel | BiblioVault - a scholarly book repository
- Books and Films - Alfred Russel Wallace | InfoCoBuild
Episode 1: Bill Bailey's Jungle Hero - Wallace in Borneo | Video (1 hour)
Episode 2: Bill Bailey's Jungle Hero - Wallace in the Spice Islands
- Alfred Russel Wallace on Spiritualism, Man, and Evolution: An Analytical Essay by Charles H. Smith, Ph.D. | Western Kentucky University
- Wallace: Wonders of nature have been solace of my life | Article by Rowan Hooper | New Scientist
- Paper jointly written by Wallace and Darwin and read to the Linnean Society on July 1, 1858 by Charles Lyell and Joseph D. Hooker
- A new theory to explain the receipt of Wallace’s Ternate Essay by Darwin in 1858 | Comment by John Van Wyhe and Kees Rookmaaker | PDF File
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
- Dispelling the Darkness: Voyage in the Malay Archipelago and the Discovery of Evolution By Wallace and Darwin
By John Van Wyhe (Author) | Amazon
- Part I: Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection / Part II: On the Tendency of Species to Form Varieties;
The Evolution Debate, 1813-1870 (Volume IX) 1st Edition by Alfred Russel Wallace (Author), Charles Darwin (Author) | Amazon
- Part I: Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection / Part II: On the Tendency of Species to Form Varieties;
The Evolution Debate, 1813-1870 Alfred Russel Wallace, Charles Darwin | goodreads
- Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace | Evolution: Berkeley
- Alfred Russel Wallace’s Prophetic Prescription for Course-Correcting Away
from Ecological Catastrophe and Toward Widespread Human Happiness | by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Alfred Russel Wallace’s legacy: an interdisciplinary conception of evolution in space and time | npj Biodiversity - Nature
Authors: Joaquín Hortal, José Alexandre F. Diniz-Filho, Martyn E. Y. Low, Alycia L. Stigall & Darren C. J. Yeo
- The Forgotten Naturalist: Alfred Russel Wallace | Article by David Bressan | Scientific American
- Alfred Russel Wallace — natural selection, socialism, and spiritualism | Article by Andrew Berry | Science Direct
- The Geographical Distribution of Animals by Alfred Russel Wallace | Darwin-Online
- The Geographical Distribution of Animals: 1st Edition by Alfred Russel Wallace (Author) | Amazon
With a Study of the Relations of Living and Extinct Faunas as Elucidating the Past Changes
of the Earth's Surface (Cambridge Library Collection - Zoology)
- The Geographical Distribution of Animals, Volume 1 by Alfred Russel Wallace | Project Gutenberg
- Scientific Legacy | The Alfred Russel Wallace Website
- Alfred Russel Wallace — natural selection, socialism, and spiritualism | PDF File
- Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) | The Linean Society
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Alfred Russel Wallace is most famous for his work on natural selection, independent of Charles Darwin, which may have impelled the latter to publish his own theory.
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- Pictures/images of Alfred Russel Wallace | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Who Was Gregor Mendel? (1822-1884) | Biography
- Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) | Wikipedia
- About Gregor Johann Mendel, O.S.A. | Villanova University
- Mendel and his peas | Khan Academy
How Austrian monk Gregor Mendel laid the foundations of genetics. Mendel's life, experiments, and pea plants.
- This is the story of Gregor Mendel – the Father of Modern Genetics | PDF File(35 pages)
- The Many Sides of Gregor Mendel | Article by Sander Glibof Indiana University | PDF File(22 pages)
- MendelWeb
MendelWeb was conceived and constructed by Roger B. Blumberg
- Experiments in Plant Hybridization (1865) | PDF File (41 pages)
Read at the February 8th, and March 8th, 1865, meetings of the Brünn Natural History Society
- Experiments on Plant Hybrids by Gregor Mendel | Article in Genetics journal by Scott Abbott and Daniel J. Fairbanks
- "Experiments in Plant Hybridization" (1866), by Johann Gregor Mendel | Article by Amanda Andrei
| Embryo Project Encyclopedia
- Experiments in Plant Hybridization | PDF File | Article by Madan - Iowa State University
- Methods and Logic: Gregor Mendel | Experiments in Plant Hybridization | PDF File(30 pages) University of Colorado
- Gregor Mendel | New World Encyclopedia
- Gregor Mendel (1822 - 1884) Discovered the basic principles of heredity | Article by Sam Wong | New Scientist
- Darwin and DNA: How genetics spurred the evolution of a theory | Article by Peter Bowler | New Scientist
Mendel and Darwin lived at the same time but never met - yet their ideas
about the natural world would unite into a single revolutionary discovery.
- Gregor Mendel: His Life and Legacy Hardcover –
by Daniel J. Fairbanks (Author) | Amazon
- Mendel Books | Amazon
- The Nine Lives of Gregor Mendel by Jan Saap | Springer Link
- Online Books by Gregor Mendel | The Online Books Store
- DNA from the Beginning | DNA Learning Center | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Mendel's principles of heredity: A defence by William Bateson and Gregor Mendel | Project Gutenberg
- The Laws of Genetics and Gregor Mendel
by Fred Bortz | Barnes & Noble
- Springer Biographies: Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - The Scientist: Based on Primary Sources | by Anna and Eva Matalová
- Gregor Johann Mendel: From peasant to priest, pedagogue, and prelate | PDF File | Article by Daniel Hartl | PNAS
- Gregor Mendel: The father of genetics who opened a biological world full of wonders | PDF File | Cell
- The Birth of Genetics and Gregor Mendel's Law of Segregation | PDF File(10 pages) | Lehigh University
- Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) | DNA Learning Center | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- 1900: Rediscovery of Mendel's Work | National Human Genome Research Institute
- The MendelWeb Reference Page | Brown University
- Gregor Mendel botanist (1822-1884) | Britannica
"...the first person to lay the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics, in what came to be called Mendelism."
- Gregor Mendel and the Principles of Inheritance | Article by Ilona Miko, Ph.D | Topicpage - Nature
- Johann Gregor Mendel, his cultural environment and legacy | Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion & Science
- Gregor Mendel: the 'father of genetics' | John Innes Center
- Mendelian inheritance | Wikipedia
- The law of segregation | Khan Academy
- Mendel's Genetic Laws | School City of Hobart
- Gregor Johann Mendel and the development of modern evolutionary biology | PNAS
- Why scientists dug up the father of genetics, Gregor Mendel, and analyzed his DNA | Article by Nell Greenfieldboyce
- Gregor Mendel: No Darwinian | Article by Harry F. Sanders
- How we got from Gregor Mendel’s pea plants to modern genetics | Science News
Philosopher Yafeng Shan explains how today's understanding of inheritance emerged from a muddle of ideas.
- Gregor Mendel at the source of genetics and systems biology: | Oxford Academic - Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
Authors: Charles Auffray, Denis Noble | PDF available
- Solving a Genetic Mystery | Written by: Sabine Deviche | ASU
- Images of Gregor Mendel | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Julian Huxley (1887-1975) | New World Encyclopedia
- Neo-Darwinism
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Neo-Darwinism, also called the modern evolutionary synthesis, generally denotes the integration of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, Gregor Mendel's theory of genetics as the basis for biological inheritance, and mathematical population genetics.
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- Julian Huxley (1887-1975) | Wikipedia
- Julian Huxley facts for kids | Kiddle
- Sir Julian Huxley, (born June 22, 1887, London—died Feb. 14, 1975, London) | Britannica
- Julian Huxley (1887–1975) Author of Religion without Revelation | Library Thing
Page includes list of works by Julian Huxley
- Julian Huxley (1887-1975) | Humanist Heritage
- Huxley, Julian (1887-1975) | Encyclopedia.com
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He sought to develop grand syntheses in biology, to create a religion of evolutionary humanism based on biology, and to bring these efforts to fruition through both popularization of science and liberal political action.
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- Books by Julian Huxley | thriftbooks
- Books by Julian Huxley | BIBLIO
- Julian Huxley: Biologist and Statesman of Science
by C. Kenneth Waters (Editor), Albert Van Helden (Editor) | Barnes & Noble
- An Intimate History of Evolution | The Story of the Huxley Family | by Alison Bashford | Amazon
- The Huxleys An Intimate History of Evolution by Alison Bashford | The University of Chicago Press
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Excerpt: "This momentous biography tells the story of the Huxleys: the Victorian natural historian T. H. Huxley (“Darwin’s Bulldog”) and his grandson, the scientist, conservationist, and zoologist Julian Huxley."
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- Julian Huxley - Biologist June 22, 1887 – February 14, 1975 | The Library of Consciousness
- Julian Huxley, Evolution and Meaning | Reason and Meaning
- The Life and Legacy of Julian Huxley
- Modern Synthesis | Wikipedia
- The Modern Synthesis | University of Sussex
- 150 Years of On the Origin of Species | Special Collections and Archives | University of Missouri
- Evolution: Modern Synthesis | Spark Notes
- Julian Huxley and evolutionary spirituality | Article by Jules Evans
- Evolutionary Humanism Revisited: The Continuing Relevance of Julian Huxley
Article by Timothy J. Madigan | UU Humanist Association
- Huxley, Julian “Man’s Place and Role in Nature” | Science and Philosophy
- Evolution: The Modern Synthesis, by Julian Huxley | Article by Kirtley F. Mather | American Scientist
- “Great is Darwin and Bergson his poet”: Julian Huxley’s Other Evolutionary Synthesis
PDF File(26 pages) | White Rose Research Online
- Quotes by Julian Huxley | goodreads
- Julian Huxley Quotes | A-Z Quotes
- Julian Huxley, Scientist and Writer, Dies | Article by Alden Whitman Feb. 16, 1975 | The New York Times
- Pictures/images of Julian Huxley | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- J. B. S. Haldane (1892-1964) | Wikipedia
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Subsequent works established a unification of Mendelian genetics and Darwinian evolution by natural selection whilst laying the groundwork for modern synthesis, and helped to create population genetics.
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- Ernst Walter Mayr (1904–2005) | Wikipedia
- Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002) - American paleontologist | Britannica
- Stephen J. Gould (1941-2002) | Wikipedia
- Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002) | Embryo Project Encyclopedia | AZU
- Stephen J. Gould | Biography, Facts, and Pictures | Famous Scientists
- Stephen J. Gould, Ph.D. | Academy of Achievement
- Stephen J. Gould: The Scientific Legacy | NCBI - NLM
- Stephen J. Gould | Rational Wiki
- Books by Stephen J. Gould | thriftbooks
- Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History by
Stephen Jay Gould | goodreads
- Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History (Norton Paperback) | Amazon
- Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History by Stephen Jay Gould | Barnes & Noble
- Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History by Stephen Jay Gould | WalMart
- Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History by Stephen Jay Gould | Barnes & Noble
- Gould: The Evolution of Life on Earth | A Scientific American Article
- More on Stephen Jay Gould | From the Archives of The New York Times | Includes Reviews
- Eight Little Piggies | Reflections in Natural History | By Stephen Jay Gould.
Illustrated. 479 pp. New York: W. W. Norton & Company
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"Few writers of popular science have given more pleasure to more readers than Stephen Jay Gould, whose "Eight Little Piggies" is the sixth in a series of essay collections drawn from "a 208 monthly essay streak" in Natural History magazine (as he proudly reminds us)."
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- Punctuated Equilibrium - Stephen Jay Gould | Harvard University Press
- Punctuated Equilibrium - an overview | Science Direct
- What is punctuated equilibrium? | Benjamin Burger | Video (19 minutes) - YouTube
- The Punctuated Equilibrium Model | Study.com
- Exaptation | Wikipedia
- Exaptation—a Missing Term in the Science of Form | S. Gould, E. Vrba | Semantic Scholar
- The Structure of Evolutionary Theory by Stephen Jay Gould | Harvard University Press
- The Structure of Evolutionary Theory / Edition 1 by Stephen Jay Gould | Barnes & Noble
- Punctuated equilibria | Scholarpedia
- Books by Stephen Jay Gould | goodreads
- Stephen J. Gould | Wikipedia
- Stephen Jay Gould, Ph.D. | Academy of Achievement
- The Mismeasure of Man
"The Mismeasure of Man is a 1981 book by paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould.
The book is both a history and critique of the statistical methods and cultural motivations underlying biological determinism,..."
- Stephen Jay Gould, 60, Is Dead; Enlivened Evolutionary Theory | by Carol Kaesuk Yoon, May 21, 2002 | The New York Times
- Stephen Jay Gould dies at 60 | The Harvard Gazette
- Obituary: Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002) | Nature
- Remembering Stephen Jay Gould by Ian Tattersall | Natural History
- Sept. 10, 1941: Stephen Jay Gould Born | Wired Magazine
- Stephen Jay Gould 1 Wonderful Life 1993 | Video (2 hours) - YouTube
- The Cambrian Explosion and the evolutionary origin of animals with Professor Paul Smith | Video (1:26:27) - Youtube
- An entire section on the Cambrian Explosion can be found through this portal.
- Pictures of Stephen J. Gould | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- What is Consciousness? | Nature
- Consciousness | Stanford Encylopedia of Philosophy
- Consciousness by Ken Paller and Satoru Suzuki | NOBA Project
- The Origins and History of Consciousness by Erich Neumann | thriftbooks
- Ontological Enigmas: What is the True Nature of Reality? | by James B. Glattfelder | Springer
- Information—Consciousness—Reality by James B. Glattfelder | Springer
- Does consciousness explain quantum mechanics? | Article by Paul Sutter
- The Center for Integral Science
Individuals and their Works Relating to Integral Science
- Consciousness Is All There Is: A Mathematical Approach With Applications by Tony Nader | 65 pages
International Journal of Mathematics and Consciousness, vol. 1, no. 1, 2015
- Consciousness: The Mind Messing With the Mind by Goerge Johnson of The New York Times
- A biphasic relational approach to the evolution of human consciousness | Steven C. Hayesa, and Stefan G. Hofmann | NCBI - NLM
- Does Consciousness Extend Beyond Brains? The 2023 Holberg Debate | Video (2:46:55) - YouTube
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At this year's Holberg Debate, Tanya Luhrmann, Anil Seth and Rupert Sheldrake will take on the deep scientific and philosophical mystery of consciousness. The debate will be chaired by David Malone.
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- Science of Consciousness Conference Is Carnival of the Mind by George Johnson of The New York Times
- The Great Matrix of Being | Essay by William Grassie
- Radical Transformation: The Unexpected Interplay of Consciousness and Reality by
Imants Barušs | Imprint Aacademic
- The Frontiers Collection | Springer
|
Extending from quantum physics and relativity to entropy, consciousness, language and complex systems—the Frontiers Collection will inspire readers to push back the frontiers of their own knowledge.
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- Review: In the Light of Evolution: Volume VII: The Human Mental Machinery | National Academy of Sciences - NCBI - NLM
- Rene Descartes -- Part I The Principles of Human Knowledge | PressBooks
- Principles of Philosophy - René Descartes | PDF Filke (22 pages) - Eraly Modern Texts
- Descartes’ Theory of Ideas | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Basic Structures of Reality: Essays in Meta-Physics by Colin McGin | Amazon
- Basic Structures of Reality: Essays in Meta-Physics by Colin McGinn| Oxford University Press
- Basic Structures of Reality: Essays in Meta-Physics
by Colin McGinn | thriftbooks
- Reality and its Structure: Essays in Fundamentality - Illustrated Edition by Ricki Bliss (Editor), Graham Priest (Editor) | Amazon
- Knowing Reality: A Guided Introduction to Metaphysics and Epistemology Written by Dwayne Moore | Broadview Press
- Fundamentality | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Metaphysics of Science | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Cogito Explorer
- Ultimate Reality and Meaning According to the Perennial Philosophy:
Evidence from the Mathematical and Physical Sciences by Alan M. Laibelman | PDF File (21 pages)
- Index of Selected Western Mystics
- Panentheism | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- A Peircean Panentheist Scientific Mysticism by Søren Brier | PDF File (26 pages)
- The Holonic Christ: Catholicity as Individuation and Integration by Robert Nicastro | MDPI Open Access Journals
- Darwin Versus Wallace: Esthetic Evolution and Preferential Mate Choice
Authors: Adam C. Davis and Steven Arnocky | frontiers in psychology
- Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace | The History of Evolutionary Thought | Berkeley
- The Mind-Evolution Problem: | NCBI - NLM
The Difficulty of Fitting Consciousness in an Evolutionary Framework
- The Evolutionary Human: How Darwin Got It Wrong:
It was never about species, it was always about consciousness | by
Richard Barrett
- The evolution of consciousness: Of Darwin, Freud, and cranial fire: The origins of the way we think | Robert Evan Ornstein - APA PsycNet
- The evolution of consciousness: of Darwin, Freud, and cranial fire: the origins of the way we think | Internet Archive
- The origin of consciousness | iai: Institute of Arts and Ideas
A new method for determining how and when consciousness evolved
- Maryam Mirzakhani (1977-2017) | MacTutor
Summary: Maryam Mirzakhani was an Iranian mathematician who worked in America and
was the first woman to be awarded a Fields Medal. She worked in the geometry of Riemann surfaces.
- Maryam Mirzakhani - Iranian mathematician | Britannica
- Maryam Mirzakhani - May 12, 1977 - July 15, 2017 | Biographies of Women Mathematicians
- Maryam Mirzakhani | Wikipedia
- Maryam Mirzakhani (1977–2017) | Article by Kasra Rafi | Nature
- Maryam Mirzakhani: 1977–2017 | PDF File(27 pages) | AMS
- The Extraordinary Life of Maryam Mirzakhani, ‘Queen of Mathematics’ July 30, 2017 | Kayhan Life
- Maryam’s Magic: The Story of Mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani Hardcover – Picture Book | Amazon
By Megan Reid (Author), Aaliya Jaleel (Illustrator)
- Maryam Mirzakhani: First Woman to Win Math’s Nobel Prize | Article by Lillie Therieau | Elephant Learning
- Maryam Mirzakhani becomes the first woman to win a Fields Medal | Video - YouTube
- A legacy of firsts: How mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani transcended boundaries
September 23, 2019 | CBC Radio | Audio Episode: 54 minutes
- A Tenacious Explorer of Abstract Surfaces | Quanta Magazine
- The Work of Maryam Mirzakhani | PDF File - International Mathematical Union
- The work of Maryam Mirzakhani | PDF File | 18 August, 2014 - Harvard
- The Magic Wand Theorem of A. Eskin and M. Mirzakhani | PDF File(13 pages)
- Newly-discovered bee named after "Maryam Mirzakhani" | Tehran Times
- Interview with Research Fellow Maryam Mirzakhani | PDF File | CMI: Clay Mathematics Institute
"Most problems I work on are related to geometric structures on surfaces and their deformations.
In particular, I am interested in understanding hyperbolic surfaces."
- Simple geodesics and Weil-Petersson volumes of moduli spaces of bordered Riemann surfaces | PDF File(49 pages) | July 12, 2005
- Growth of the number of simple closed geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces by Maryam Mirzakhani | PDF File(29 pages) | Princeton
- On Weil-Petersson Volumes and
Geometry of Random Hyperbolic Surfaces by Maryam Mirzakhani | PDF File(20 pages)
Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians
Hyderabad, India, 2010
- Stanford's Maryam Mirzakhani wins 2014 Fields Medal | Stanford News
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Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to ever win the Fields Medal – known as the "Nobel Prize of mathematics" – in recognition of her contributions to the understanding of the symmetry of curved surfaces.
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- Maryam Mirzakhani Becomes First Woman To Win Prestigious Fields Medal | 08/13/14 | Huffington Post
- Iranian Woman wins Highest Prize in Math – Fields Medal | 07/13/14 - The Muslim Times
- Maryam Mirzakhani: 'The more I spent time on maths, the more excited I got' | August 12, 2014 - The Guardian
The first woman to win the prestigious Fields Medal prize discusses her life as a mathematician.
- Maryam Mirzakhani, 1977-2017 | Includes a lecture of Maryam given in 2015: Video (1:02:48) | Harvard University
- Iranian is first woman to nab highest prize in maths | Nature.com
Maryam Mirzakhani is among four young researchers to win Fields Medals, awarded every four years.
- Maryam Mirzakhani wins 2014 Fields medal - first woman to do so | YouTube Video
- With Snowflakes and Unicorns, Marina Ratner and Maryam Mirzakhani Explored a Universe in Motion
Essay by Amy Wilkinson - August 7, 2017 - The New York Times
- The Maryam Mirzakhani Prize in Mathematics
- Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford mathematician and Fields Medal winner, dies | 07/15/17 - Stanford News
- Maryam Mirzakhani, first woman to win Fields Medal in mathematics, dies at 40 | The Washington Post
- The First Woman to Win Math's Highest Award Dies at 40 | The Atlantic
- Maryam Mirzakhani, First Woman To Win Math’s Highest Honor, Dies At 40 | 07/15/17 - Huffington Post
- Maryam Mirzakhanis' Pioneering Mathematical Legacy | July 17, 2017 - The New Yorker
- Pictures of Maryam Mirzakhani | Google Image Search Results
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
- Terence Chi-Shen Tao | Biography - MacTutor
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Summary: Terence Tao won a Fields Medal in 2006 for his contributions to partial differential equations, combinatorics, harmonic analysis and additive number theory.
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- Dr. Eli Maor Interview - Mathematics and Music | Video (1:10:07) - YouTube
- Animal Consciousness | Wikipedia
- The Emotional Lives of Animals
- Robert J. Richards
Morris Fishbein Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Science and Medicine at The University of Chicago.
- Center for Consciousness Studies - University of Arizona
- Quantum theory of consciousness put in doubt by underground experiment | July 13, 2022 - PhysicsWorld
- Consciousness and Mind | C.D. Jennings | PDF File (17 pages) - UCMerced
- Article: The Elusive Origins of Consciousness | Tommy Tobias Aahlberg | PDF (12 pages) - Trinity College
A Philosophical Argument for Panpsychism over Competing Metaphysical
Theories of Mind
- The Mystery and Importance of Consciousness | Institute for Global Transformation
"Consciousness holds the answer to the riddle of life and the universe."
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) - German author | Britannica
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) | Wikipedia
- Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775-1854) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Meister Eckhart - German theologian and mystic (1260-1328) | Britannica
- How a Brain Injury Made Me a Mathematical Marvel | by Jason Padgett | Kirkus Reviews
An exquisite insider’s look into the mysteries of consciousness.
- 'Collision Course' in the Science of Consciousness: Grand Theories to Clash at Tucson Conference | May 18, 2014 - Huffington Post
- Dr Philip Goff - Durham University
- John Archibald Wheeler, (1911-2008) | Princeton University
- John Archibald Wheeler | Britannica
- John Archibald Wheeler | Wikipedia
- John Wheeler (1911-2008) | Important Scientists - The Physics of the Universe
- Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology and Complexity
Edited by John D. Barrow, Paul C. W. Davies, and Charles L. Harper, Jr.;
Foreword by John A. Wheeler,
Preface by Freeman J. Dyson | Cambridge University Press, 2004
- John Wheeler | Voices of the Manhattan Project
- One Park, Three Sites, Countless Stories | Manhattan Project - NPS
- John Wheeler’s Participatory Universe | Futurism
Wheeler devised a concept of quantum foam; a theory of “virtual particles” popping in and out
of existence in space (similarly, he conceptualized foam as the foundation of the fabric of the universe).
- Essay on John Wheeler
- Does the Universe Exist if We're Not Looking? | Cosmology | Discover Magazine
Eminent physicist John Wheeler says he has only enough time left to work on one idea:
that human consciousness shapes not only the present but the past as well. | by Tim Folger, June, 2002
- Books by John Wheeler | Showing 30 distinct books | goodreads
- List of Books by John Archibald Wheeler | thriftbooks
- At Home in the Universe by John Archibald Wheeler (Author) | Amazon
- John Archibald Wheeler Books | Alibris
- Books by John Archibald Wheeler | ISBNS
- At Home in the Universe by John Archibald Wheeler | Google Books
- John Wheeler's work on particles, nuclei, and weapons | By Kenneth Ford, April, 2009 - Physics Today
- John A. Wheeler, Physicist Who Coined the Term ‘Black Hole,’ Is Dead at 96
April 14, 2008 | by Dennis Overbye - The New York Times
"He rejuvenated general relativity; he made it an experimental subject and took it away from the mathematicians,"
said Freeman Dyson, a theorist at the Institute for Advanced Study across town in Princeton.
- Pictures of John Archibald Wheeler | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973
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...and the other half to Brian David Josephson "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects"
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- Biographical
- FACTS
- Brian Josephson's Home Page | University of Cambridge
- Carl Sagan (1934-1996) | NASA
- Who was Carl Sagan? | National Geographic
- Carl Sagan | Encyclopedia Britannica
- Carl Sagan Institute | Cornell University
- The Pale Blue Dot & Beyond
- Carl Sagan Institutue | Wikipedia
- Carl Sagan's Life and Legacy as Scientist, Teacher, and Skeptic | Feature - Skeptical Inquirer
- Carl Sagan books in order | Booksradar.com
- Books by Carl Sagan | thriftbooks
- Ranking Author Carl Sagan’s Best Books (A Bibliography Countdown) | Book Scrolling
- Books by Carl Sagan | Barnes & Noble
- Books by Carl Sagan | Amazon
- Category:Works by Carl Sagan | Wikipedia
- Books by Carl Sagan | goodreads
- A Pale Blue Dot | The Planetary Society
- Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space Paperback – by Carl Sagan (Author) | Amazon
- Pale Blue Dot | Wikipedia
- Carl Sagan - Pale blue dot (Best version - High Quality - Subtitles) | Video (4:50) - YouTube
- Thoughts on Carl Sagan’s ‘A Pale Blue Dot’ by Ben Weinberg | Medium
- Comets and the Origin of Life | Video (1:26:31) Presentation Lecture at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
- Carl Sagan's 1994 "Lost" Lecture: The Age of Exploration | Video (1:36:00)
- Carl Sagan and the Search for Life | AMNH
- Article: Carl Sagan’s audacious search for life on Earth has lessons for science today | Nature
- Why Carl Sagan is Truly Irreplaceable | Article by Joel Achenbach | Smithsonian Magazine
- Carl Sagan on Mystery, Why Common Sense Blinds Us to the Universe, and How to Live with the Unknown
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- How would we know whether there is life on Earth? This bold experiment found out | Essay by Alexandra Witze | Nature
- Article: Sagan's Youth and the Progressive Promise of Space | Library of Congress
- Carl Sagan: A Universe Not Made For Us | (-minute video | Reason & Meaning
- Why Carl Sagan believed that science is a source of spirituality | Big Think
- The Anthropic Principle, Carl Sagan, and Accounting for the Simplicity of the Physical Laws by Daniel Podgorski
- Reality, consciousness and the Carl Sagan tesseract by David Alayon | LinkedIn
- Carl Sagan on Science and Spirituality by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Carl Sagan (1934-1996) on the Meaning of Life | Article by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Presents an interview with Carl Sagan the author. His book 'The
Demon-Haunted World'; Contents of book. | Psychology Today
- The Persitence of Memory, Cosmos, Episode 2 December 7, 1980 | Includes Video (57 minutes) | Library of Consciousness
- "We Are A Way For The Cosmos To Know Itself" | Essay by Drew Linsalata NOV 18, 2022
-
Consciousness In The Cosmos: Perspective of Mind: Carl Sagan
- Cosmic ingredients: How the universe forges elements | Article: Astronomy
- Carl Sagan: Cosmos, Pale Blue Dot & famous quotes | Space.com
A biography of renowned astronomer Carl Sagan
- Carl Sagan Quotes | goodreads
- Carl Sagan Quotes About Consciousness | AZ Quotes
- Carl Sagan's Cosmic Legacy | Astronotes - Blog
- Carl Sagan's Five Greatest Contirbutions to Science | Oct. 21, 2013 - by Rebecca Hiscott | Mashable
- The Story of Everything | Carl Sagan on cosmology, evolution, science |
Video - YouTube
- Exploring Carl Sagan's Cosmos: Episode 10, The Edge of Forever | Tor.com
- Consciousness in the Cosmos: Perspective of Mind: Carl Sagan
- Varieties of Scientific Experience | Carl Sagan on Science and God | brainpickings
- Carl Sagan's The Varieties of Scientific Experience: A Personal View of the Search for God | Review by Peter S. Williams
- Top 10 Carl Sagan Quotes
- Carl Sagan: We Are One Planet | Video
A stirring speech by the legendary cosmologist Carl Sagan, on the evolution of human consciousness. Decades old but still highly applicable today.
- Carl Sagan and the Search for Life | American Museum of Natural History
- Carl Sagan’s Profound Essay On Why Cannabis Consciousness is Desperately Needed in This Mad and Dangerous World
- Pictures of Carl Sagan | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- In 'Light Of The Stars,' Adam Frank Studies Alien Worlds To Find Earth's Fate | July 5, 2018
Astrophysicist Adam Frank has a new book out, Light of the Stars: Alien Worlds and the Fate of the Earth.
He talks to NPR's Mary Louise Kelly about it.
- Consciousness in the Cosmos: Perspective of Mind | Stoa del Sol
The Stoa del Sol is a contemporary forum for essays that reflect some of the historical principles of Stoicism
in relation to a New Cosmology and New Spiritual Paradigm prompted by modern science and systems theories.
- Aesop's Fables | Wikipedia
A collection of fables credited to Aesop, a slave and storyteller who lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 564 BCE.
- Aesop's Fables - Online Collection
Our online collection of Aesop's Fables includes a total of 655+ Fables, indexed in table format, with morals listed.
- Kurt Vonnegut (1922-2007) | Britannica
- Harlan Jay Ellison (May 27, 1934 – June 28, 2018) | Wikipedia
- Ursula K. Le Guin
- Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (October 21, 1929 – January 22, 2018) | Wikipedia
- Asimov Online
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Welcome to Asimov Online. Here you'll find a comprehensive collection of resources pertaining to Isaac Asimov (1920-1992), the quintessential author, who in his lifetime wrote over 500 books that enlightened, entertained, and spanned the realm of human knowledge.
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- Loren Eiseley (1907-1977) | Wikipedia
- Jules Verne (1828-1905) | Wikipedia
- From the Earth to the Moon | Wikipedia
- The Extraordinary Journeys Of Jules Verne | Full Documentary | Biography | Video (44:09) - YouTube
- Charles Dickens (1812-1870) | Wikipedia
- Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) | Wikipedia
- Mark Twain (1835-1910) | Wikipedia
- Lewis Carroll (1832-1898) | Wikipedia
- Oscar Wilde | The Official Website
- Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) | Wikipedia
- Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) British author | Britannica
- A guide to Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes books in order | PanMacMillaN
- Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) | Wikipedia
- James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) | Wikipedia
- Hermann Hesse (1877-1962) | Wikipedia
- Anarchism: The Political Philosophy of Hermann Hesse | by Alan N. Canton - College of William & Mary | PDF File(65 pages)
- Narcissus and Goldmund by Hermann Hesse | Goodreads
- Hermann Hesse | Quotes
- James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) | Wikipedia
- F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) | Wikipedia
- Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) | Wikipedia
- Biography of Leo Tolstoy, Influential Russian Writer | ThoughtCo
Born into an aristocratic Russian family, Tolstoy wrote realist fiction
and semi-autobiographical novels before shifting into more moral and spiritual works.
- Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881) | Wikipedia
- Stendahl (1783-1842) | Wikipedia
- Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) | Britannica
- Biography of Aldous Huxley, British Author, Philosopher, Screenwriter by Angelica Frey | Thoughtco
- Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) | Biography
Author and screenwriter Aldous Huxley is best known for his 1932 novel 'Brave New World,'
a nightmarish vision of the future.
- Aldous Huxley Books | Barnes & Noble
- Books by Aldous Huxley | thriftbooks
- Aldous Huxley bibliography | Wikipedia
Huxley was a writer and philosopher. He wrote nearly fifty books-both novels
and non-fiction works-
as well as wide-ranging essays, narratives, and poems.
- Aldous Huxley: Books, Biography, Latest update | Amazon
- Aldous Huxley Books | Amazon
- Books by Aldous Huxley | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- The Doors of Perception by Aldous Huxley | Wikipedia
- Aldous Huxley - The Doors of Perception - PDF File
- When Aldous Huxley Opened the Doors of Perception | MIT Press
- Perception | The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
- The Art of Seeing | Aldous Huxley, Laura Huxley (Foreword) | goodreads
- Learning about Aldous Huxley, Author of Brave New World | National Council of Teachers of English
- Brave New World Paperback – by Aldous Huxley (Author) | Amazon
- Brave New World by Aldous Huxley | goodreads
- Brave New World by Aldous Huxley | Barnes & Noble
- Brave New World | Summary, Context, & Reception | Britannica
-
Aldous Huxley on the decline of mental health following “progress” in capitalist democracies by Alex Brown
- The Perennial Philosophy by Aldous Huxley | thriftbooks
- What Is the 'Unitive Mystical Experience' Triggered by Psychedelic Medicines an Experience of?
An Exploration of Aldous Huxley’s Viewpoint in Light of Current Data
- Aldous Huxley, Short of Sight | The New Yorker
- The Talented Mr. Huxley | Humanities - The Magazine of the National Endowment for the Humanities
- Aldous Huxley, The Art of Fiction No. 24 | The Paris Review
Interviewed by George Wickes & Raymond Fraser
- What truth? George Orwell, Aldous Huxley and the Trumpified political reality of 2016 | Salon
- Pictures of Aldoux Huxley | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Orwell Foundation
- Biography (1903-1950)
George Orwell was an English novelist, essayist, and critic most famous for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949).
- Essays and Other Works
The Orwell Foundation is delighted to make available a selection of
essays, articles, sketches, reviews and scripts written by Orwell.
- Books
- George Orwell | Britannica
- George Orwell (1903-1950) | Wikipedia
- Biography | Britannica
- George Orwell (1903 - 1950) | BBC History
- George Orwell Biography | Cliff Notes
- George Orwell | Biography
- The self-fashioning of George Orwell - Peter Marks | Inside Story
- The Legend of George Orwell
- George Orwell bibliography | Wikipedia
- Books by George Orwell | goodreads
- Books by George Orwell | thriftbooks
- The ultimate guide to George Orwell’s books by Dorian Lynskey | Pan Macmillan
- George Orwell Book Set | Juniper Books
- Books by George Orwell (26) | The Book Grocer
- George Orwell Books | Penguin Random House
- Books by George Orwell and Complete Book Reviews | Publisher's Weekly
- George Orwell Books | Barnes & Noble
- George Orwell (1903 – 1950) | BIBLIO
- George Orwell Books | Google Books
- Animal Farm | Wikipedia
- Animal Farm: 75th Anniversary Edition Paperback – by George Orwell (Author), Russell Baker (Preface) | Amazon
- Animal Farm by George Orwell | Project Gutenberg
- Animal Farm | goodreads
- Nineteen Eighty-Four | Wikipedia
- Nineteen Eighty-four - novel by Orwell | Britannica
- 1984 Paperback – Unabridged, by George Orwell (Author), Erich Fromm (Afterword) | Amazon
- 1984 by George Orwell | by Dr. Matthias Rauterberg | PDF File (394 pages)
- 1984 | PDF File (393 pages)
- Stanford professor uncovers roots of George Orwell's political language | Samuel Huneke | Stanford University
- The one thing George Orwell's 1984 got wrong | by Dorian Lynskey | BBC Culture
"Orwell wrote six novels, three classic works of non-fiction, and more than a million words of journalism,
but in IP terms everything else is dwarfed by the twin peaks of his career: Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm."
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- George Orwell, objectivity, and the reality behind illusions | NCBI - NLM
- What Orwell’s ‘1984’ tells us about today’s world, 70 years after it was published
June 12, 2019 - The Conversation
- How George Orwell defined the nature of truth at the edge of the world | Alex matchett
- Language, Power, and the Reality of Truth in 1984
July 26, 2017 by Stephen H. Conlin | Voegelinview
- George Orwell (as O’Brien) on External Reality and Postmodernism | Afterall.net
- The Surveillance Threat Is Not What Orwell Imagined by Shoshana Zuboff - June 6, 2019 | Time Magazine
- George Orwell: The Man of Principle by Alan Judd | Washington Post
- Why Orwell’s 1984 could be about now | by Jean Seaton | BBC Culture
- Saving Orwell | Peter Ross | Boston Review
- The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell, Richard Hoggart (Introduction) | goodreads
- The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell | Project Gutenberg Australia
- The Road To Wigan Pier Paperback – October 18, 1972
by George Orwell (Author) | Amazon
- The road to Wigan Pier, 75 years on | by David Sharrock | The Guardian
- The Road to Wignan Pier | PDF File (210 pages)
- Welcome to George-Orwell.org | The Complete Works of George Orwell
- Remembering George Orwell, the Socialist | thewire
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“Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic Socialism, as I understand it” ( italics Orwell’s).
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- Loss of Identity by Allen Shiu
- Spirit Breaker — The Destruction of the Self Within George Orwell’s Dystopian Nightmare by Saituchiha | Medium
- What George Orwell Wrote About the Dangers of Nationalism |
On Facts, Fallacies, and Power
By Kristian Williams | Literary Hub
- George Orwell, Outdoorsman - by Danny Heitman | National Endowment for the Humanities
- "My Starting Point is Injustice:" George Orwell's Writer Self-Portrait by Ellen Vrana | The Examined Life
- "Why I Write" essay by George Orwell | The Orwell Foundation
- Why I Write by George Orwell (Author) | UK Bookshop.org
- The Lion and the Unicorn Socialism and the English Genius by George Orwell
England Your England | Video (1:03:00) - YouTube
- The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius - George Orwell | Orwell.ru
- Lion And The Unicorn Mass Market Paperback – by George Orwell (Author) | Amazon
- The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius | Wikipedia
- Down and almost out in Scotland: George Orwell, tuberculosis and getting streptomycin in 1948 | NCBI - NLM
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Excerpt: "He twisted the numbers of that year to give the book one of the most famous titles and powerful symbols from the 20th century: Nineteen Eighty-Four,8 introducing Big Brother and words like `doublespeak' to the international political and social landscape."
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- George Orwell (1903—1950) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Quotes by George Orwell | goodreads
- George Orwell Quotes | Brainy Quotes
"Political language... is designed to make lies sound truthful and
murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind."
- George Orwell Quotes | A-Z Quotes
- Pictures/images of George Orwell | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- H.G. Wells (1866-1946) | Britannica
- H.G. Wells (1866-1946) | Biography
- H.G. Wells - Bibliography | Wikipedia
- Orson Welles
American actor, director, and writer (1915-1985) | Britannica
- Orson Welles Web Resource
- Orson Welles and H.G. Wells | Linda Hall Library
- Albert Camus (1913—1960) | Interent Encyclopedia of Philosophy
-
Albert Camus (1913 – 1960) Books | Biblio
Albert Camus (pronounced Kam-oo) (November 7, 1913- January 4, 1960) was a French author and
philosopher and one of the principal luminaries (with Jean-Paul Sartre) of absurdism.
- The Rebel by Camus, Albert
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I read this when in my early twenties and found it inspirational and instructive. Compare Camus' "metaphysical revolt" actualizing itself in a new perceptual reality where what we've taken for granted as mental representations of reality turn out to be merely constructs of the mind with Thoreau's "civil-disobediance."
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- Nausea by
Jean-Paul Sartre - Lloyd Alexander (Translator), Hayden Carruth (Introduction) | goodreads
- Nausea (New Directions Paperbook) Paperback – March 25, 2013 by Jean-Paul Sartre (Author),| Amazon
Lloyd Alexander (Translator), James Wood (Introduction), Richard Howard (Foreword)
"Winner of the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature (though he declined to accept it), Jean-Paul Sartre,
philosopher, critic, novelist, and dramatist, holds a position of singular eminence in the world of French letters."
- Nausea by Jean-Paul Sartre | PDF Download is available | supersummary
- Sartre, Novelist: Nausea and the Adventures of the Narrative | PDF File (29 pages) | Scholars at Harvard
- Nausea | Encyclopedia.com
- “Hell Is Other People”: Sartre on Personal Relationships | Author: Kiki Berk
- “Hell Is Other People”: Sartre’s Famous Quote Explained | Aug 14, 2023 - By Marnie Binder | The Collector
- "No Exit" | Wikipedia
- Edwin Abbott Abbott (1838-1926) | Wikipedia
- Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions | first published in 1884 | Wikipedia
- The Unconscious in Zen Buddhism
by D. T. Suzuki | PDF File
(Erich Fromm, D. T. Suzuki, et al. Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis)
- Hui-neng
The Platform Sutra | Self Discovery Portal
- Alan Watts Organization - Audio Lecture Collections, Videos,...
- Fingers Pointing Towards The Moon by Wei Wu Wei
- Books by Wei Wu Wei | ISBNS
- The Fourth Dimension in Psychology | by Swami Krishnananda
- The Mystery and Importance of Consciousness
- Metaphysical meaning of fourth dimension | Truth Unity
- Understanding the Third, Fourth and Fifth Dimensional Reality | Fractal Enlightenment
- Consciousness and higher spatial dimensions
- J. Krishnamurti Homepage
- Homer | Wikipedia
- Homer (800-?) | Biography
- Homer Biography | Mythagora
- Introduction to Homeric poetry | Harvard
- Aeschylus (525-455BC) | Wikipedia
was an ancient Greek tragedian often described as the father of tragedy.
- Hesiod (flourished c. 700 BC) Greek Poet | Britannica
- Hesiod | Wikipedia
He was an ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.
- Hippocrates (460-370BC) | Wikipedia
- Aristophanes (born c. 450 BCE—died c. 388 BCE) | Britannica
- Aristophanes (446-386BC) | Wikipedia
- Sophocles (497/496–406/405BC) | Wikipedia
- Sophocles (born c. 496 BCE, Colonus, near Athens [Greece]—died 406, Athens) | Britannica
- Sophocles | Definition by Mark Cartwright | World History
- Horace | Definition by Donald L. Wasson | World History
- Quintus Horatius Flaccus aka Horace (65-8BC) | Wikipedia
- Introduction to Presocratic philosophy | Video (10 minutes) - YouTube
BC vs AD, BCE vs CE: What Do They Mean? | Article by Hannah Yang
- Thales of Miletus (c. 620 B.C.E.—c. 546 B.C.E.) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Anaximander (610-546BC) | Britannica
- Anaximander (610-546BC) | Wikipedia
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Anaximander was an early proponent of science and tried to observe and explain different aspects of the universe, with a particular interest in its origins, claiming that nature is ruled by laws, just like human societies, and anything that disturbs the balance of nature does not last long.
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- Anaximander | World History
- Apeiron | Wikipedia
- Anaximander | Article by Jaafar Bouhlal | Philoschools
- Classical Astronomy | Australia Telescope National Facility
- Anaximander of Miletus: The Father of Cosmology | Video(3 minutes) - YouTube
- Anaximander (c. 610—546 B.C.E.) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Anaximander of Miletus | His Life, Philosophy, and Quotes | Presocratics | Video(6:48) - YouTube
- Anaximander of Miletus | L.E. Ataire's
- Quora Forum
Who was more original when it came to their ideas on the nature of things, Anaximander or Thales?
- Anaximander’s Idea of ‘Apeiron’ | Medium
Exploring the notion of the ‘infinite’ as the primordial substance.
- Anaximander: And the Birth of Science by Carlo Rovelli | Diane's Books
- Anaximander Summary And the Birth of Science by Carlo Rovelli, | Free PDF download | BooKey
- Anaximander thought of Evolution?!? | Awesome Writers
Excerpt from "Anaximander and the Birth of Science" by Carlo Rovelli
- Infinite Worlds in the Thought of Anaximander by Radim Kocandrle | Cambridge University Press
- 3 Key Ideas in Anaximander’s Theory of Nature | The Collector
The following comes from Pseudo-Plutarch:
"And again, [Anaximander] says that in the beginning men were born from creatures of a different sort, because the other animals quickly manage to feed themselves, but man alone requires a long period of nursing; hence had he been like that in the beginning too, he would never have survived."
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- Anaxemnader's 'Boundless Nature' | PDF File | Adam Mickiewicz University
- Anaximander: The early way to neurosciences and neurophilosophy | Editorial - MedCrave
- Evolution of the Concept of "psyche" in pre-Socratic Philosophy | PDF File (14 pages)
- Anaximander – Unveiling the Cosmos | Article by Kanait Mukesh | Cogito Explorer
"His visionary approach laid the groundwork for a transition from mythic narratives to
empirical observations, propelling humanity toward a more scientific comprehension of the universe."
- Evolution: The history of an idea | Kaiser Science
- 10 Most Intriguing Facts About Anaximander: Unveiling Ancient Wisdom
- Presocratics | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Anaximander and Anaximenes: The Other Two Milesians (Part-II) | Blog
- Images of Anaximander | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Xenophanes of Colophon | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Pythagoras of Samos (570-490BC) | MacTutor
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Summary: Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher who made important developments in mathematics, astronomy, and the theory of music. The theorem now known as Pythagoras's theorem was known to the Babylonians 1000 years earlier but he may have been the first to prove it.
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- Pythagoras (570-490BC) | Britannica
- Pythagoras of Samos (570-495BC) | Wikipedia
- Pythagoras | Simple Wikipedia
Pythagoras' most important belief was that the physical world
was mathematical and that numbers were the real reality. (note: Max Tegmark)
- Pythagoras | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Iamblichus' Life of Pythagoras Paperback – Translated
by Thomas Taylor | Amazon
- Pythagoras
Greek philosopher and mathematician (570-490BC) | Britannica
More probably, the bulk of the intellectual tradition originating with Pythagoras himself
belongs to mystical wisdom rather than to scientific scholarship.
- Pythagoras and His Theory of Reincarnation | transcend.org
- Pythagoras | Article by Dr. Michael Delahoyde - Professor Washington State
- Pythagaoras | World History Encyclopedia | Includes 13:57 minute audio
The details of Pythagoras' life may never be fully known but
his influence continues to be felt, world-wide, in the present day.
- Pythagoras: The Father of Greek Philosophy | notes from the Digital Underground
- Pythagoras the Mystic | Hinduism Today
- Pythagoras: The Mystic Madman of Mathematics | Hushed-Up History
- Pythagoras a Great Philosopher and Mystic by Alexandros Bousoulengas
- The Significance of Pythagorean Ideas
- The Golden
Verses of Pythagoras And Other Pythagorean Fragments
PDF File(87 pages) | by Oliver Knill - Harvard
- Greek Philosophy 4.3: Pythagoras: Life's Music and Mathematics | Video (1:10:44) - YouTube
- Pythagoras | James Schombert - University of Oregon
- The Secret Teachings of Pythagoras | Article by Will Buckingham | Looking for Wisdom
- The Pythagorean School of Greek Philosophy | Blog - Mystic-Minds
- Pythagoreans: Their Strange Beliefs, Pythagoras, Music and Math | Facts & Details
- Greek Philosophy – Pythagoras | Eric Gerlach - teacher at Berkeley City College
- Pythagoras on the Purpose of Life and the Meaning of Wisdom by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Pythagoras and Pythagoreanism | Encyclopedia.com
- Who was Pythagoras? | Out of Darkness, Light
- Pythagoras and His School | Universal Theosophy
- Pythagorean Esotericism | Antoine Danchin, translation Alison Quayle
- Pythagoras's Philosophy | Philo Notes
- Pythagorean Teachings across the Centuries | PDF File(17 pages)
- Mysticism as the Foundation of Philosophy
- Monad (philosophy) | Wikipedia
- Generating the World of Numbers: Pythagorean and Platonist Number Symbolism in the First Century
Center for Hellenic Studies - Harvard University
- Monad | New World Encyclopedia
- Pythagoras & His Weird Religious Cult | Video (22:47) - YouTube
- Pythagoras: His Lives and the Legacy of a Rational Universe - by Kitty Ferguson (Author) | Amazon
- Pythagoras: His Life, Teaching, and Influence | Amazon
By Christoph Riedweg (Author), Steven Rendall (Translator)
- The Fifth Hammer: Pythagoras and the Disharmony of the World by Daniel Heller-Roazen | Zone Books
- Divine Harmony: The Life and Teachings of Pythagoras by Westbrook, Peter,Strohmeier, John | BIBLIO
- The Secret History of Pythagoras by Samuel Croxall (Translator), Pythagoras | Barnes & Noble
- Pythagoras: Story of the Great Mathematician and Philosopher | Bookshop.org
By William Turner (Author) Elbert Hubbard (Author)
- The Golden Verses of Pythagoras by Pythagoras (Author), Florence M. Firth (Translator) | Amazon
- Pythagoras Pythagoras: The Order and the Doctrine of Pythagoras | Find More Books
- Images of and/or relating to Pythagoras | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Heraclitus of Ephesus (540-480BC) | Britannica
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He complained that most people failed to comprehend the logos (Greek: "reason"), the universal principle through which all things are interrelated and all natural events occur, and thus lived like dreamers with a false view of the world.
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- Heraclitus - substantive revision Fri Dec 8, 2023 | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
He is best known for his doctrines that things are constantly changing (universal flux), that opposites coincide
(unity of opposites), and that fire is the basic material of the world.
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- Heraclitus (fl. c. 500 B.C.E.) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
A Greek philosopher of the late 6th century BCE, Heraclitus criticizes his
predecessors and contemporaries for their failure to see the unity in experience.
- Heraclitus | Wikipedia
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He viewed the world as constantly in flux, always "becoming" but never "being". He expressed this in sayings like "Everything flows" and "No man ever steps in the same river twice."
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- Heraclitus | The Basics of Philosophy
- 4 Important Facts about Heraclitus | Article by Luke Dunn,BA | The Collector
Heraclitus is best known for three doctrines; the doctrine that things are constantly changing,
that fire is the fundamental element or material of the world, and that opposites coincide.
- Heraclitus | PDF File (35 pages) | University of Michigan Press
- Heraclitus | World History Encyclopedia
He is probably best known for his oft-misquoted assertion, "You can't step into the same river twice."
- Heraclitus - Diogenes Laërtius: Lives of the Eminent Philosophers
- Heraclitus' Theory of the Psyche | Christopher D. Green - Department of Psychology -
York University
- Fire and Flow: the Philosophy of Heraclitus | Article by Will Buckingham | Looking for Wisdom
- Appearance and Reality in Heraclitus' Philosophy | Essay by J. M. Moravcsik | JSTOR
Register as an "independent researcher" and see more articles on Heraclitus, or anyone, for that matter.
- According to Heraclitus, reality is one and there is a change. Is it a permanent change? | Quora Forum
"Many of Heraclitus’ aphorisms refer to the logos, a concept he introduced to philosophy
and one that ended up among the top philosophical and theological terms ever."
- The World is in Ever-Present Change – Heraclitus of Ephesus | SciHi.org
- Heraclitus (c.540-c.480 BC) | Authros Calendar
- The Philosopher’s Philosopher: Heraclitus of Ephesus | The Living Philosophy
- Images of Heraclitus | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Parmenides (515-450BC) | Britannica
Parmenides, (born c. 515 BCE), Greek philosopher of Elea in southern Italy who founded Eleaticism,
one of the leading pre-Socratic schools of Greek thought.
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Parmenides held that the multiplicity of existing things, their changing forms and motion, are but an appearance of a single eternal reality (“Being”), thus giving rise to the Parmenidean principle that "all is one."
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- Parmenides | Wikipedia
- Parmenides Books
- Parmenides Books and Videos
- Parmenides | World History Encyclopedia
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He is known as the founder of the Eleatic School of philosophy which taught a strict Monistic view of reality. However, according to the ancient writer Diogenes Laertius (180-240 CE), Parmenides was a student of Xenophanes of Colophon (570-c.478 BCE) - who some claim as the founder of the Eleatic School - and, having mastered Xenophanes' teaching, left to pursue his own vision.
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- Parmenides of Elea | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Parmenides | New World Encyclopedia
- Parmenides Explained | Everything Explained Encyclopedia
- Parmenides of Elea (Late 6th cn.—Mid 5th cn. B.C.E.) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
As the first philosopher to inquire into the nature of existence itself, he is incontrovertibly credited as the "Father of Metaphysics."
- Parmenides | Encylopedia.com
- Parmenides | Totally History
- The Thesis of Parmenides by Charles H. Kahn | PDF File (25 pages) | JSTOR
It's free to set up (register) an account to read anything.
- "Parmenides, Plato and Mortal Philosophy: Return from Transcendence" by Vishwa Adluri
Reviewed by Richard Polt, Xavier University | Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
- Parmenides and Zeno’s Paradoxes | Libre Texts
- Eleaticism | Britannica
- Chapter 15: The Parmenidean Cosmology of Parmenides | The Center for Hellenic Studies - Harvard
- Parmenides | Simply Knowledge
His major contribution was the method of reasoned proof for assertions of truth.
- Parmenides: Plato’s Most Mysterious Work | The Collector
- Parmenides and the Paradox of Being | The Writer's Block
- Professor’s Lecture Notes: Parmenides | Professor A. Dechene, Austin Community College, Austin, TX | PDF File(8 pages)
- Parmenides | Will Buckingham
- The Verb ???? and Its Benefits for Parmenides’ Philosophy | Essay by Ricardo Alcocer Urueta | DeGruyter
- Parmenides and Presocratic Philosophy by John Palmer | PDF File(441 pages) | Oxford University Press
- Parmenides' Critique of Thinking by J.H. Lesher | PDF File(16 pages)
- Opinions on Paramenides
- Parmenides' System: The Logical Origins of his Monism by Barabara Sattler | PDF File(25 pages)
- Parmenides and Ultimate Reality | Essay by Scott Austin, Boston University | PDF File (13 pages)
- Parmenides | On Nature | PDF File | Platonic-Philosophy.org
- Restoring Parmenides' Poem | PDF File(220 pages)
Dissertation for Ph.D. by Christopher J. Kurfess, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2012
Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences.
- Poem of Parmenides | English Translation by John Burnet (1892)
- Poem of Parmenides | English Translation by John Burnet (1892) | PDF File (11 pages) | Zitavtoth.com
- Philoctetes
- The Fragments of Parmenides | Translated by Professor Rose Cherubin at George Mason University
- Irfan Ajvazi | Fragments of Parmenides | Tesla Academy of Sciences | PDF File | PhilArchive
- Parmenides Quotes
- Images of Parmenides etc. | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
The Eleatic School and its Teachings
Anaxagoras (500-428BC) | Wikipedia
- Anaxagoras (500-428BC) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
He propounded a physical theory of "everything-in-everything," and claimed
that nous (intellect or mind) was the motive cause of the cosmos.
- Anaxagoras
- Greek philosopher (500-428BC) | Britannica
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The most original aspect of Anaxagoras’s system was his doctrine of nous ("mind" or "reason"). The cosmos was formed by mind in two stages: first, by a revolving and mixing process that still continues; and, second, by the development of living things.
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- Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (499-428BC) | MacTutor
Summary: Anaxagoras was a Greek mathematician famed as the first to introduce philosophy to the Athenians.
He was imprisoned for claiming that the Sun was not a god and that the Moon reflected the Sun's light.
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- Anaxagoras (c. 500 – 428 B.C.E.) | New World Encyclopedia
- Anaxagoras Of Clazomenae (C. 500–428 BCE) | Encyclopedia.com
- Anaxagoras | Encyclopedia.com
- Anaxagoras (c.500—428 B.C.E.) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Anaxagoras (l. c. 500-c. 428 BCE) | Definition by Joshua J. Mark | World History Encyclopedia
- Anaxagoras, Mind and Greek Philosophy | Video (40 minutes) by Eric Gerlach
- Anaxagoras (500–428 BC) | Heritage History
- 2,500 years ago, the philosopher Anaxagoras brought science’s spirit to Athens
Article by Tom Siegfried | Science News
- Pericles and Anaxagoras, late 18th century | Nicolas Guy Brenet, French, 1728–1792 | Princeton Art Museum →
- An Ancient Greek Philosopher Was Exiled for Claiming the Moon Was a Rock, Not a God
2,500 years ago, Anaxagoras correctly determined that the rocky moon reflects light from the sun,
allowing him to explain lunar phases and eclipses. | Article by David Warmflash | Smithsonian Magazine
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- Anaxagoras | Scholarly Community Encyclopedia
- Anaxagoras – Mind as the Origin of the Universe | The Socratic Journey of Faith and Reason
A 32-minute audio version of this article is available.
- Anaxagoras - Fragments and Commentary | Arthur Fairbanks - Editor and Translator | Hanover Historical Texts Project
- Anaxagoras: Fragments | Demonax | Hellenic Beta Library
From "Early Greek Philosophy" by John Burnet, 3rd edition (1920).
- Fragments of Anaxagoras | Wikisource
Excerpted from Chapter 6 of "Early Greek Philosophy" by John Burnet.
- Anaxagoras of Clazomenae. Fragments and Testimonia by Patricia Curd | Bryn Mawr Classical Review
A Text and Translation with Notes and Essays. Review by Giannis P. Stamatellos
- Anaxagoras of Clazomenae: Fragments and Testomonia - Paperback – by Patricia Curd (Translator) | Amazon
- Anaxagoras of Clazomenae | Biography Blog Spot
- Ancient Greek Philosopher Anaxagoras and the Universal Mind | Article by Philip Chrysopoulos | Greek Reporter
- Anaxagoras | The Basics of Philosophy
- An Essay on Anaxagoras - First Edition by Malcolm Schofield (Author) | Amazon
- Images of Anaxagoras | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Empedocles of Acragas (492-432BC) | MacTutor
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Summary: Empedocles was a Greek philosopher who is best known for his belief that all matter was composed of four elements: fire, air, water, and earth. Some have considered him the inventor of rhetoric and the founder of the science of medicine in Italy.
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- Empedocles (494-443BC) | Wikipedia
- Empedocles | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Empedocles
Greek philosopher and scholar (490-430BC) | Britannica
- Empedocles (c. 492—432 B.C.E.) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Empedocles | Famous Scientists
- Empedocles (l. c. 484-424 BCE) | World History Encyclopedia
- Empedocles | New World Encyclopedia
Empedocles (c. 490 B.C.E. – 430 B.C.E.) was a Greek pre-Socratic
philosopher and a citizen of Agrigentum, a Greek colony in Sicily.
- Empedocles | Linda Hall Library
- Empedocles | Geniuses
- Empedocles | EoHT.Info
- Empedocles, The Eccentric Philosopher | Article by Jocelyn Hitchcock | Classical Wisdom
- Empedocles: Neurophilosophy and Neurosciences- Prophecy and Reality by Stavros J Baloyannis | MedCrave
- The Consciousness We Are by Peter Kingsley | Theosophy Northwest
The word theosophy is derived from the Greek theo-sophia, which means "divine wisdom."
- Empedocles | Theosophy Trust Memorial Library
- From Empedocles to Symbiogenetics: Lynn Margulis's revolutionary influence on evolutionary biology
By Dorion Sagan | PDF Version available (8 pages) | Science Direct
- Empedocles of Acragas: Philosopher, Poet, Shaman | The Living Philosophy
The Ancient Greek philosopher who developed the first theory of evolution.
- The rise of hierarchy and modularity in biological networks
explained by Empedocles’ double tale 2,400 years before Darwin and systems biology
By Gustavo Caetano-Anolles and Richard Janko | Journal "Front Genet" | NCBI - NLM
- Divine Evolution: Empedocles' Anthropology | Article by A. V. Halapsis
Purpose: Reconstruction of Empedocles’ doctrine from the point of view of philosophical anthropology.
- Empedocles | Essay by Varadaraja Raman | MetaNexus
- No man is an island: Evolution before Darwin and Wallace | Essay by Stefan A. Revets | PDF File (4 pages)
Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia
- A theory of natural selection, 5th century BC | Article by Ed Hagen | GrasshopperMouse
- Evolutionary Thought Before Darwin | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers by Kathleen Freeman | Sacred-Texts
- 31. Empedocles of Acragas
He wrote two poems in hexameter verses: On Nature, addressed to his pupil Pausanias,
and Katharmoi (Purifications), addressed to his fellow-citizens of Acragas.
- Ancilla to Pre-Socratic Philosophers by Kathleen Freeman | Harvard University Press
A Complete Translation of the Fragments in Diels, Fragmente der Vorsokratiker.
- Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers by Kathleen Freeman | Barnes & Noble
- Ancilla to The pre-Socratic philosophers: by Kathleen Freeman (Author) | Amazon
A complete translation of the fragment in Diels, Fragmente der Vorsokratiker.
- From "On Nature" by Empedocles Translated by Dan Beachy-Quick | Poetry Magazine - Poetry Foundation
- "The Poem of Empedocles: A text and translation" with a commentary
Paperback – by Brad Inwood (Editor) | Amazon
- The Poem of Empedocles. a Text and Translation with an Introduction By Brad Inwood | Montavros Books
- "The Poem of Empedocles: A text and translation" with a commentary | Edited by Brad Inwood | Indigo
- The Poem of Empedocles: A Text and Translation | Canadian Book Review
- Scholarly Search Results for "Empedocles and Consciousness"
- The Strasbourg Papyrus of Empedocles: Some Preliminary Remarks by N. van der Ben (20 pages) | JSTOR
- Purifications - God on Earth - A subversive action | Center for Hellenic Studies - Harvard
- Empedocles on Divine Nature | Cairn Info
- Empedolcles, "On Nature" | A New Reconstruction of P. Strasb | PDF File (26 pages) | University of Michigan
- Fragments of Empedocles | Wikisource
Excerpted from Chapter 5 of Early Greek Philosophy by John Burnet
- Empedocles: Complete Fragments | Philoctetes
- Images relating to Empedocles | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Zeno of Elea (490-425BC) | MacTutor
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Zeno was a pupil and friend of the philosopher Parmenides and studied with him in Elea. The Eleatic School, one of the leading pre-Socratic schools of Greek philosophy, had been founded by Parmenides in Elea in southern Italy. His philosophy of monism claimed that the many things which appear to exist are merely a single eternal reality which he called Being.
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- Zeno of Elea, 5th c. B.C.E. thinker, | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Book VII - Chapter 1 - Zeno (333-261 B.C.) | Diogenes Laërtius - Lives of the Eminent Philosophers
- Zeno’s Paradoxes – The Discovery of the Infinite in the Finite | The Socratic Journey of Faith and Reason
- Zeno of Elea (born c. 495 BCE—died c. 430 BCE) Greek philosopher and mathematician | Britannica
Zeno made use of three premises: first, that any unit has magnitude;
second, that it is infinitely divisible; and third, that it is indivisible.
- Zeno of Elea (l. c.465 BCE) | World History Encyclopedia
- Zeno of Elea | Wikipedia
- Zeno of Elea | Linda Hall Library
Zeno of Elea, a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, flourished about 450 B.C.E;
we estimate he was born around 490 B.C.E. and died around 420.
- Zeno of Elea | Philosophy Basics
- Zeno of Elea (490 B.C.E. – 430 B.C.E.) | New World Encyclopedia
- Zeno of Elea | Creature and Creator
- Zeno of Elea on Why Change is an Illusion | Article by Will Buckingham
- Zeno's Paradoxes | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
"Almost everything that we know about Zeno of Elea is to be found in the opening pages of Plato’s Parmenides."
- The Art of Dialectic & Zeno of Elea | World History Encyclopedia
- Zeno’s Paradoxes | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Zeno of Elea: Where Space, Time, Physics, and Philosophy Converge | PDF File (83 pages)
Thesis of Will Turner - Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects - Western Kentucky University
- An Everyman’s Introduction to an Unsung Hero of Philosophy. This is a study of his arguments on motion, the purpose they have served in the history of science, and modern applications of Zeno of Elea’s arguments on motion.
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- Zeno's paradoxes | Wikipedia
- Zeno’s Paradoxes – You Can’t Get There from Here | The Socratic Journey of Faith and Reason
Includes a 39-minute audio presentation.
- Provoked by Zeno’s Paradoxes | Frank Wilczek - Department of Physics - MIT
- Zeno's Paradoxes: A Timely Solution | PDF (9 pages) by Peter Lynds
- Images of Zeno of Elea | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Herodotus (484-425/13BC) | World History
- Herodotus | Great Thinkers
- Herodotus (484-424BC) | Wikipedia
- Who was Herodotus? By "All About History," Marc G. DeSantis
- The Histories Paperback – by Herodotus (translated by Tom Holland) | Amazon
- Why is Herodotus called “The Father of History”? - Mark Robinson | Video (5 minutes) - YouTube
- Herodotus: Father of History, Father of Lies By David Pipes | PDF File (19 pages) | Loyola University
- Herodotus (484 B.C.E. – 425 B.C.E.) | New World Encyclopedia
- Herodotus: The father of history | age-of-the-sage.org
- Guide to the classics: The Histories, by Herodotus | Essay by Julia Kindt | The Convesation
Julia Kindt is associate Professor and Chair of the Department
of Classics and Ancient History, University of Sydney.
- Herodotus and the Ends of the World | PDF File (5 pages) | Stockton University
- Herodotus of Harlicarnassus – the Father of History | SciHi.org
- Herodotus (c.484–c.430/420 bce) | Oxford Reference
- Herodotus | Encyclopedia.com
- Herodotus, Explorer of the Past: Three Essays
James Allan Stewart Evans | Princeton University Press
- A selective bibliography to Herodotus | Duke University
- Herodotus and the Invention of History
By Raymond Kierstead | Reed Magazine - Reed University
- Herodotus (Hermes Books Series) Paperback – by James Romm (Author) | Amazon
- Herodotus and the Road to History by Jeanne Bendick | Bethlehem Books
- Books by Herodotus | thriftbooks
- Books by Herodotus | BIBLIO
- Introduction to the Work of Herodotus | Great Thinkers
- The History Herodotus Translated by David Grene | University of Chicago Press
"David Grene, one of the best known translators of the Greek classics, splendidly
captures the peculiar quality of Herodotus, the father of history.
- The History: Herodotus Hardcover – by Herodotus (Author), David Grene (Translator) | Amazon
- The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History Of Herodotus, by Herodotus
In Two Volumes | Translated into English by G. C. Macaulay
- Herodotus | Southern Adventist University
For the most part you need to log into your library to access anything.
But, there's a five-minute video that's worth watching.
- The Battle of Marathon | History.com
- Arms And the Man By Daniel Mendelsohn | The New Yorker
- Images of Sculptures of Herodotus | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Philolaus (470 – c.385 BC) | Wikipedia
"With his assertions that the Earth was not the center of the universe (geocentrism), he is credited
with the earliest known discussion of concepts in the development of heliocentrism."
Socrates (470-399BC) | Britannica
- The Ancient Greeks, Part Two: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle | Article by Dr. C. George Boeree
- Ethics - Socrates, Morality, Virtue | Britannica
- The Socratic Journey of Faith and Reason
- Socrates (469—399 B.C.E.) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Socrates | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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The philosopher Socrates remains, as he was in his lifetime (469–399 B.C.E.), an enigma, an inscrutable individual who, despite having written nothing, is considered one of the handful of philosophers who forever changed how philosophy itself was to be conceived.
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- Socrates (470-399) | Biography.com
Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher considered to be the main source of Western thought.
He was condemned to death for his Socratic method of questioning.
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- Socrates (469-399 B.C.) | History.com
- Socrates | World History Encyclopedia
- Socrates | Pursuit of Happiness.org
- Socrates on the Forgetfulness that Comes with Writing
- Explainer: Socrates and the life worth living | The Conversation
- Socrates (ca. 469 – 399 B.C.E.) | New World Encyclopedia
- Socrates: Philosophy applied to Education - Search for Virtue
Article by Gustavo Araújo Batista | PDF File (8 pages) - Eric.gov
- The Philosophy of Socrates | A Collection of Critical Essays
Edited by Gregory Vlasatos | PDF File (10 pages)
- Socrates and Plato | PDF File (11 pages) | Pearson
"What held them together was a belief that one could reason one’s way to the truth,
that by looking at natural effects one could deduce their causes."
- Introduction: Socrates and the precept "Know yourself" | PDF File (10 pages)
Excerpt from "Socrates and Self-Knowledge"
- The Philosophy of Socrates by Norman Gulley | Scanned from book | PDF File (238 pages)
- Socrates on Philosophy and Politics: Ancient and Contemporary Interpretations | PDF File (21 pages)
By Francisco J. Gonzalez - Department of Philosophy - University of Ottawa - Canada
- The Ethical Philosophy of the Historical Socrates | PDF File (26 pages)
By David Conan Wolfsdorf | Temple University
- Complete Works Paperback – by Socrates of Athens | Amazon
- Socrates by A E Taylor | Barnes & Noble
- Books by Socrates | Amazon
- The Backlist Blog: Four Texts on Socrates | Cornell University Press
- Four Texts on Socrates: Plato's "Euthyphro", "Apology of Socrates", and "Crito" and Aristophanes' "Clouds"
Barnes & Noble | By Thomas G. West and Grace Starry West (Translators), Thomas G. West (Introduction)
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Widely adopted for classroom use, this book offers translations of four major works of ancient Greek literature which treat the life and thought of Socrates, focusing particularly on his trial and defense (three dialogues by Plato: Euthyphro, Apology of Socrates, and Crito) and on the charges against Socrates (Aristophanes' comedy Clouds).
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- Four Texts on Socrates | BIBLIO
- The Death of Socrates – The Story in a Painting
The Death of Socrates by Jacques-Louise David (1786) at The Met NYC →
- "Socrates
A Life Worth Living" by Devra Lehmann | Seven Stories Press
- Greek Philosophy 7.2: Socrates' Philosophy | Video (1:17:11) - YouTube
- The Trial of Socrates (Plato's Apology) | Video (25:52) - YouTube
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Plato's Apology is one of the most famous works of not just philosophy, but world literature in general. It depicts the trial of Socrates, who was charged with impiety and corrupting the young, and sentenced to death for it.
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- Socrates, the Senses and Knowledge: Is there Any Connection? | Article by Moya K. Mason
- Before he was a famous philosopher, Socrates was a celebrated soldier | History Skills
- Plato, Socrates, Modern Physics and Baha’u’llah
- What did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Think About Wisdom?
By Julian Dutra, The Collector | University of Chicago
- The Nature of Human Character: A Socratic Perspective | Article by Alishba Imran | Medium Blog
- Human Nature, Allegory, and Truth in Plato’s Republic | Part One
Essay by Pedro Blas González
- The Importance of Seeking Truth — The Lessons I Learned from Socrates
Essay by Cameron Kerr | Blog Medium
- Human nature according to Socrates - Man cannot be taught | Essay by Samantha Hedges
- Socrates’ Wisest and Most Inspiring Quotes | Article by Nana Coupeau | Greek Reporter
- Socrates: The Man Who Knew Too Much | Classical Wisdom
- Where Does Consciousness Come From? 8 Controversial Views by Socrates, Buddhists and Scientists
Essay by Sandro Ngo-Trong | Chasing Gods
- Rhetoric and Consciousness in Plato’s Phaedrus | Essay by James Lewis Huss | Blog Medium
- The Apology of Socrates | University of Notre Dame
- Kierkegaard on Socrates: the strength and purity of mind | Essay by Stavros J Baloyannis | Med Crave
- The Trial and Death of Socrates in Hegel’s History of Philosophy
Essay by David Lamb | Spinger.com
- Socrates - The Philosopher Who Knew He Knew Nothing | Video (12:10) - YouTube
- Socrates' Trial: His Historic Defense in Today's Language | Video (34:20) - YouTube
- The Trial and Death of Socrates - 3rd Edition | Amazon
By Plato and John M. Cooper (Authors), G. M. A. Grube (Translator)
- The Trial and Death of Socrates: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito and Phaedo by Plato | Barnes & Noble
- The Trial and Death of Socrates | by Plato, Benjamin Jowett (Transcribed by) | Pegasus Books
- Trial of Scorates | Wikipedia
- The Trial of Socrates | Famous Trials
- Ancient Wisdom: Brilliant Pieces Of Advice From Socrates
- Socrates' Quotes | Brainy Quotes
- 32 Iconic Socrates Quotes on Life, Death & Wisdom (Examined) | Art of Poets
- Images of Socrates et al | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Thucydides (c. 460 B.C.E.-c.400 B.C.E.) | New World Encyclopedia
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Thucydides is generally regarded as one of the first true historians. Unlike his predecessor Herodotus (often called "the father of history"), who included rumors and references to myths and the gods in his writing, Thucydides regarded history as being caused by the choices and actions of human beings.
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Democritus (460-370BC) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Democritus, known in antiquity as the ‘laughing philosopher’ because of his emphasis on the value of 'cheerfulness,'
was one of the two founders of ancient atomist theory.
He elaborated a system originated by his teacher Leucippus into a materialist account of the natural world.
Plato - Greek Philosopher (427-347BC) | Britannica
- Plato (427-347BC) | MacTutor
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Summary: Plato is one of the most important Greek philosophers. He founded the Academy in Athens. His works on philosophy, politics and mathematics were very influential and laid the foundations for Euclid's systematic approach to mathematics.
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- Plato (427-348BC) | Wikipedia
Along with his teacher Socrates, and Aristotle, his student, Plato is a central figure in the history of philosophy.
"...the subject of philosophy, as it is often conceived – a rigorous and systematic examination of ethical,
political, metaphysical, and epistemological issues, armed with a distinctive method
– can be called his invention." - Kraut
- Plato and Aristotle: How Do They Differ? | Article by Brian Duignan, senior editor of Britannica
- Who was Plato? | The Collector
Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher from the 4th century BC who
laid the first foundations for the fields of philosophy and theology.
- PLato | History Channel
- A Primer on Plato: His Life, Works, and Philosophy by Brett and Kate Mckay
A thorough and detailed exposition; well worth reading.
- Six Essential Works Done by Plato
- Plato: Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo | Amazon
(Hackett Classics) Second Edition, by Plato (Author), John M. Cooper, G. M. A. Grube (Translator)
- Complete Works by John M. Cooper, et al | Amazon
- List of Books by Plato | Barnes & Noble
- Works by Plato | The Internet Classics Archive | MIT
- Dialogues of Plato | Sacred Texts
- Plato and his Dialogues - List of Plato's Works
- What Is the 'Ladder of Love' in Plato's 'Symposium'? | ThoughtCo
- Mathematical Platonism | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Mathematical platonism is any metaphysical account of mathematics that implies mathematical entities exist,
that they are abstract, and that they are independent of all our rational activities.
- Platonism in the Philosophy of Mathematics | Revised Mar 28, 2023 | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Platonism | Science Direct
- Proclus: On the Theology of Plato: with The Elements of Theology by Thomas Taylor | thriftbooks
The Elements of Theology and the Theology of Plato together allow the reader
a greater possibility of grasping the overall scheme of Platonic theology.
- General Introduction to the Philosophy and Writings of Plato | Barnes & Noble
From The Works of Plato by Thomas Taylor
- Introduction to the Philosophy and Writings of Plato by Thomas Taylor
Read now or download free. Project Gutenberg
- Theory of Forms | Wikipedia
- Plato's Theory of Forms | PDF File
- Plato's Theory of Forms | PDF File | George Mason University
- Ideas of Plato in the Context of Contemporary
Science and Mathematics By Mark Burgin | PDF File (22 pages)
Athens Journal of Humanities & Arts - Volume 4, Issue 3 – Pages 161-182
- Lecture 3: Plato’s theory of Forms | Lecture also entitled: Lecture 3: Plato – knowledge is ideal and abstract
- Plato.pdf | New York Public Library
- Essays on Plato's Epistemology | by Franco Trabattoni | PDF File (336 pages
- Plato’s theory of Love: Rationality as Passion by L. Amir | The Society for Philosophy in Practice
- Plato’s theory of Justice | Surendranath College
- Plato | The Internet Encyclopeida of Philosophy
- The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Republic, by Plato | Translated by Benjamin Jowett
- Plato’s Metaphysics: Two Dimensions of Reality and the Allegory of the Cave by Ryan Hubbard, Ph.D.
- Plato: The Allegory of the Cave, from The Republic | PDF File - Indiana Weselyan University
- Plato
Book VII of The Republic - The Allegory of the Cave
- The Allegory of The Cave by Plato | Amazon
- Plato’s Cosmology: The Timaeus | U. of Wshington
- Timaeus by Plato | Internet Archive
A 175k text-only version is available for download.
- The Project Gutenberg eBook of Timaeus, by Plato | Gutenberg Project
- Plato’s Timaeus | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Search Results for "Plato" | Stanford Encylopedia of Philosophy
- "Pictures" of Plato | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Xenocrates of Chalcedon (396-314BC) | MacTutor
Summary: Xenocrates was a student of Plato who went on to become head of the Academy.
He was an early believer in the atomic theory and originated the classical distinction between mind, body and soul.
Xenocrates wrote on philosophy and mathematics. Diogenes Laertius gives the titles of two mathematics books by Xenocrates, namely "On numbers" and "The theory of numbers".
All his books are lost and it would appear that there only ever existed a single copy of each in his own hand.
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- Xenocrates (396-314BC) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Xenocrates (396-314BC) | Wikipedia
- Xenocrates of Chalcedon (396 – 314 B.C.E.) | New World Encyclopedia
- Thought and Works
"Xenocrates is said to have invented, or at least to have emphasized,
the division of philosophy into physics, logic and ethics."
- Xenocrates (died 314 BC, Athens)
- Xenocrates Of Chalcedon (396-314BC) | Encyclopedia.com
Xenocrates was a student of Plato and, as head of the Academy from 339 to 314/313 BC,
was one of the founders of the ancient Academic tradition.
- The Heirs of Plato: A Study of the Old Academy (347-274 BC) by John Dillon
Reviewed by Voula Tsouna | Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
- Chapter 2 Xenocrates (396-314 B.C.) | (Head of the Academy 339-314 B.C.)
Book IV - Diogenes Laërtius - "Lives of the Eminent Philosophers"
- Xenocrates of Chalcedon, Greek philosopher | Encyclopedia Britannica 1911
Scholarch or rector of the Academy from 339 to 314 B.C., was born in 396.
- 1911 Encyclopeia Britannica/Xenocrates | Wikisource | Article by Henry Jackson
- The roots of Platonism: the origins and chief features of a philosophical tradition
By John Miles Dillon | Bryn Mawr Classical Review
- The Ideas as thoughts of God by John Dillon | Open Edition Journals
- Platonism | Wikipedia
- Middle Platonism | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Xenocrates
Diogenes Laertius, Book IV - Xenocrates | Thoughts on Truth
- Xenocrates facts for kids |
Kids Encyclopedia Facts
- Rosa (Salvator), 1615-1673 | "Phryne tempting Xenocrates" | Robin Halwas - Dealers in Fine Art.
- Images of Xenocrates of Chalcedon | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
["All human beings by nature stretch themselves out toward knowing." - Aristotle]
Aristotle (384-322BC) | Britannica
Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
A prodigious researcher and writer, Aristotle left a great body of work, perhaps numbering
as many as two-hundred treatises, from which approximately thirty-one survive.
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- Notes to Aristotle
- Aristotle (384 B.C.E.—322 B.C.E.) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
He was a student of Plato for twenty years but is famous for rejecting Plato’s theory of forms.
He was more empirically minded than both Plato and Plato’s teacher, Socrates.
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- Aristotle (384-322BC) | MacTutor
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Summary: Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who made important contributions by systemizing deductive logic and wrote on physical subjects. His philosophy had a long-lasting influence on the development of all Western philosophical theories.
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- Aristotle of Stagira (l. 384-322 BCE) | World History Encyclopedia
- Biography of Aristotle, Influential Greek Philosopher and Scientist | ThoughtCo
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Aristotle was considered an anti-Athenian, pro-Macedonian, and so he was charged with impiety. Bearing in mind the fate of Socrates, who was unjustly put to death, Aristotle went into voluntary exile to Chalcis, where he died one year later of a digestive ailment in 322 BCE at the age of 63.
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- Aristotle facts for kids | KIDS Encyclopedia
- The Lasting Legacy of Ancient Greek Leaders and Philosophers | Grades 3,6,8,and 12 | National Geographic
- Aristotle: Biography of a Great Thinker | Video (6 minutes) - YouTube
- Aristotle: The biography - Ancient Wisdom, History and Legacy (Philosophy) Paperback – by United Library (Author) | Amazon
- Aristotle (384-322BC) | New World Encyclopedia
- Chapter 1: Worldviews | Pdf File (15 pages) | Fairfield University
"Often, the best way to understand a new concept is by way of an example. With this in mind,
let’s begin with a look at the Aristotelian worldview
- Aristotle: A Complete Overview of His Life, Work, and Philosophy
Article by Viktoriya Sus, | The Collector
- Aristotle’s Biology | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Aristotle | History.com
- Potentiality and Actuality
→ The School of Athens by Raphael →
Click on image for larger version.
- Painting of Plato and Aristotle: School of Athens by Raphael | Impart.net
In this article we delve into the rich symbolism and historical context of
this masterpiece to better understand the intellectual debate it represents.
- Aristotle Books | Amazon
- Aristotle (384-322BC) | Wikipedia
- The complete works of Aristotle | Google Search Results
- The Complete Aristotle | Edited by Jonathan Barnes - Volume 1 | PDF File (1758 pages)
- The Library of Aristotle: The Most Important Collection of Books Ever Formed | Oak Knoll Press
- Aristotle - Works | Translated under the editorship of W. D. Ross | PDF File (3354 pages) | HolyBooks
- Plato and Aristotle: Exploring the Philosophical Divide | Article by Bhavya Bansal | Medium Blog
- Aristotle - Corpus Aristotelicum | Gannino
- Corpus Aristotelicum | Wikipedia
- Corpus Aristotelicum: Volume I: The Organon - Paperback | Amazon
By Aristotle (Author), Paul A. Boer Sr. (Editor), & 5 more
- Corpus Aristotelicum: Volume II: Natural Philosophy | Paperback - by Aristotle, Paul A. Boer Sr., et al.
- Renaissance Readings of the Corpus Aristotelicum: by Marianne Pade (Editor) | Barnes & Noble
Papers from the Conference held in Copenhagen 23-25 April 1998
- About: Corpus Aristotelicum | DBpedia
- Corpus Aristotelicum
- Books by Aristotle | Project Gutenberg
- The Poetics of Aristotle by Aristotle | A Translation By S. H. Butcher | PDF File (39 pages) | Amherst
- The Works of Aristotle by W. D. Ross and J. A. Smith | Wikisource
- Aristotle: Fundamentals of the History of His Devlopment
By Werner Jaeger | PDF File (77 pages) | Bard University Library
- Nicomachean Ethics | Aristotle | Translated by W.D. Ross | PDF File (182 pages)
- Ancient Greek Philosophy | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Aristotle Contributions to Philosophy | Article by Frederick Baxter | Pondering Philosopher
- Aristotle’s Zoology | Article by Martyn Shuttleworth | Explorable.com
- Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) | UCMP Berkeley
- Aristotle, the Philosopher of Reason | greeka
- Aristotle - Greek Philosopher | Mini Bio | Biography | Video (3 minutes) - YouTube
- Aristotle: History's Most Influential Thinker | Brilliant | Video (21:21) - YouTube
- What Is The Geocentric Model Of The Universe? | Universe Today
- Cosmology | Starchild - NASA
- "On the Heavens" by Aristotle | PDF File (12 pages)
- The system of Aristotle and its impact on medieval thought | Britannica
- Aristotle’s Universe | Science at your Doorstep
- Cosmology and Epistemology: A Comparison between Aristotle’s and Ptolemy’s Approaches to Geocentrism
Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge
- Classical Astronomy | The Ionians - The Pythagoreans - Plato - Aristotle - Ptolemy
Australia Telescope National Facility
- Lecture 13: The Harmony of the Spheres: Greek Astronomy | Ohio State University
- Who Was Aristotle? | Article by Luke Dunne | The Collector
- Aristotle: Unveiling the Genius Behind the Greatest Philosopher | Article by Zunaira Khalid | LinkedIn
- Aristotle | Metaphysics | Red Zambala
- Aristotle (384–322 bc): philosopher and scientist of ancient Greece | Article by P. M. Dunn
ADC Fetal & Neonatal Edition | NLM - NCBI
“Dignity consists not in possessing honours, but in the consciousness that we deserve them.”
- Aristotle, godfather of evidence-based medicine | Article by H. N. Sallam | NLM - NCBI
His most important treatises include Physics, Metaphysics,
Nicomachean Ethics, Politics, De Anima (On the Soul) and Poetics.
- Images/sculptures of Aristotle | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Aristarchus of Samos (310-230BC) | Biography | MacTutor
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Summary: Aristarchus was a Greek mathematician and astronomer who is celebrated as the exponent of a Sun-centered universe and for his pioneering attempt to determine the sizes and distances of the Sun and Moon.
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- Aristarchus of Samos | Britannica
- Aristarchus of Samos (310-230) | Wikipedia
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His astronomical ideas were often rejected in favor of the geocentric theories of Aristotle and Ptolemy. Nicolaus Copernicus knew about the possibility that Aristarchus had a 'moving Earth' theory, although it is unlikely that Copernicus was aware that it was a heliocentric theory.
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- Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310 - c. 230 BCE) | World History Encyclopedia
- Aristarchus of Samos | greeka.com
- Aristarchus of Samos (310-230 BC) | NCAR
- Aristarchus: The Greek Copernicus | Ancient Greece Revisited | Video (13:24)
- Aristarchus of Samos: The Ancient Copernicus | Paperback – by Sir Thomas Heath (Author) | Amazon
- Aristarchus of Samos | Totally History
- Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310 – c. 230 BC) | Wikiquote
- Philolaus (470 – c.385 BC) | Wikipedia
"With his assertions that the Earth was not the center of the universe (geocentrism), he is credited
with the earliest known discussion of concepts in the development of heliocentrism."
The Transitional Period - The Paradigm Shift
- Aristarchus of Samos: An Ancient Philosopher With Modern Ideas | ThoughtCo
- The Copernican Model: A Sun-Centered Solar System | University of Rochester
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Excerpt: "A sun-centered Solar System had been proposed as early as about 200 B.C. by Aristarchus of Samos (Samos is an island off the coast of what is now Turkey). Aristarchus actually proposed that the Earth rotated in addition to its orbiting around the sun."
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- Why did people reject heliocentrism when Aristarchus suggested
the possibility of the 2nd millennium before Copernicus?
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Excerpt: "The theory came into Church crosshairs when Bruno proposed that the Sun is a star and the Earth is a planet. Bruno promoted the idea that the Earth is just one of an infinity of habitable worlds. He advocated against a personal geocentric God. Bruno was burnt at the stake in 1600."
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- Aristarchus of Samos: The Greek pioneer of the heliocentric system | isamos
- Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310–c. 230 BC) | Encyclopedia of David Darling
- A very short History of Ancient Astronomy - The Universe | Essay by Jim Mihal
- Aristarchus of Samos (0310 B.C.-0230 B.C.) | Geniuses Club
- Aristarchus of Samos and Copernicus | Aritcle by Edward Rosen | JSTOR
Free to register. The following are from The American Journal of Philogeny.
- 1st Edition:
Aristarchus of Samos: On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon | Routledge
Greek Text, Translation, Analysis, and Relevant Scholia by Christián C. Carman, Rodolfo P. Buzon
- Aistarchus's Book On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and the Moon | PDF File (102 pages)
Introduction, translation and notes by Antonio Mancini
- On the Sizes and Distances (Aristarchus) | Article - Wikipedia
- Greek Physics: Calculating the distance to the Sun and Moon | Video (25:14) - YouTube
- Introduction to Stars and Planets by Alan Hirshfeld | Table of Contents | IOP Science
College-level introductory courses in astronomy, both classroom and online.
Also first-year course in an astronomy/astrophysics major curriculum.
There doesn't seem to be a consensus:
The first person to "accurately" calculate the distance from the Earth to the Sun could be either Cassini in 1672, Christiaan Huygens in 1653, or French astronomer Jerome Lalande some time around 1768.
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- To the Sun and beyond | Nature Physics
- What is Distance Between Earth and Sun and How to Measure it?
- How did we find the distance to the sun? by Morgan Rehnberg, Universe Today | Phys.org
"French astronomer Jerome Lalande collected all the data and computed the first accurate distance to the Sun:
153 million kilometers, good to within three percent of the true value!"
- Great people you have never heard of #2: Aristarchus of Samos | steemit
- Ancient Greek Astronomy and Cosmology | Essay - Library of Congress
- Images and sculptures of Aristarchus of Samos | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212BC) | MacTutor
Archimedes (born c. 287 BCE, Syracuse, Sicily [Italy]—died 212/211 BCE) | Britannica
Eratosthenes
Greek scientist (276-194BC) | Britannica
Hipparchus (190-120BC) | Mactutor
Summary: Hipparchus was a Greek mathematician who compiled an early example
of trigonometric tables and gave methods for solving spherical triangles.
- Hipparchus (190-120BC | Wikipedia
- Hipparchus - Greek astronomer | Britannica
Like most of his predecessors—Aristarchus of Samos was an exception—Hipparchus assumed
a spherical, stationary Earth at the centre of the universe (the geocentric cosmology).
- Hipparchus of Nicea (190-120BC) | World History Encyclopedia
- Hipparchus | Famous Scientists
- Hipparchus (190-120BC) | New World Encyclopedia
Hipparchus is considered the greatest astronomical observer,
and by some the greatest astronomer of classical antiquity.
- Hipparchus | Totally History
- Hipparchus of Rhodes | Article by Prof. James Schombert, University of Oregon
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"He rejected not only all astrological teaching but also the heliocentric views of the universe that seem to have been proposed, according to Archimedes (c. 287-212 BC), by Aristarchus of Samos (flourished c. 270 BC) and that were resuscitated by Seleucus the Babylonian, a contemporary of Hipparchus."
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- Hipparchus | Inductee - New Mexico Museum of Space History
- Hipparchus facts for kids | KIDS Encyclopedia
- Hipparchus of Nicea (190-120BC) | Article includes several videos | Geniuses Club
- Hipparchus | Encyclopedia.com
- Hipparchus – Biography and Facts | unacademy
- The Amazing Hipparchus | Article by Michael Wolf | An Astronomy Lesson From Antiquity
- Hipparchus of Nicaea | Prabook
"Like most of his predecessors - Aristarchus of Samos was an exception - Hipparchus assumed
a spherical, stationary Earth at the center of the universe (the geocentric cosmology)."
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- Hipparchus | Planet Facts
- Hipparchus - writings | Wikipedia
- The Astronomer against the Poet: Hipparchus on Aratus’ Phaenomena | University of Michigan Collections
The only work by Hipparchus which has reached us is the present polemical
commentary against Aratus’ Phaenomena.
- An Astronimical Analysis of Hipparchus' Commentaries
Artcle by Gabriele Vanin | PDF File (23 pages) | arXiv
- New evidence for Hipparchus’ Star Catalogue revealed by multispectral imaging
Journal for the History of Astronomy
- A Medieval Manuscript Has Revealed the Oldest Known Map of the Stars
Article by Sarah Kuta | Smithsonian Magazine
Advanced imaging uncovered part of the Greek astronomer Hipparchus’ long-lost star catalog.
- Hipparchus | Article by Audrey Sample | Medium Blog
- The Beginnings of Trigonometry | Essay by Joseph Hunt | Rutgers
- Hipparchus and Ptolemy | Maricopa Community College
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Almagest does not deal exclusively with Ptolemy’s own work; it includes a discussion of the astronomical achievements of the past, principally those of Hipparchus. Today, it is our main source of information about the work of Hipparchus and other Greek astronomers.
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- Hipparchus of Nicaea and the Precession of the Equinoxes | SciHi.org
Hipparchus’s most important astronomical work concerned the orbits of the Sun and Moon,
a determination of their sizes and distances from the Earth, and the study of eclipses.
- Historical Background of Orbital Motion | University of Texas
- Hipparchus of Rhodes: Rediscovering Ancient Astronomical Wisdom
- Precession of the Equinoxes Before Hipparchus? | By Bernie Taylor | Bernie’s Blog
- A very short History of Ancient Astronomy - The Universe | Essay by Jim Mihal
- The Ptolemaic universe - Hipparchus | PDF File (34 pages) | Princeton University
- The influence of Hipparchus in Antikythera mechanism | Science Direct
- The Early Greeks | Libre Texts
Seven-minute video on the workings and mystery of the "Antikythera Mechanism".
- The Greek Heliocentric Theory | LESSWRONG
- The Greek Heliocentric Theory and Its Abandonment |Journal Article by William Harris Stahl | JSTOR
- Hipparchus of Nicea (190 BCE - 120 BCE) | Ancient Greek Reloaded
- Cosmology | NASA Starchild
- Models of the Universe
- Ancient Greek Astronomy and Cosmology | Library of Congress
- Ancient Astronomy, Science And The Ancient Greeks | Article by Martyn Shuttleworth | Explorable
- Images of Hipparchus of Nicaea | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Titus Lucretius Carus (mid-90s to mid-50s BCE) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Lucretius (c. 99—c. 55 B.C.E.) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Lucretius | Britannica
- Lucretius | Wikipedia
- Lucretius (c. 99—c. 55 B.C.E.) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- The Nature of Things (Penguin Classics) Paperback – by Lucretius (Author), Alicia Stallings (Translator) | Amazon
- On the Nature of Things - Hardcover – by Lucretius, William Ellory Leonard (Author) | Amazon
- The Project Gutenberg EBook of Of The Nature of Things,
By [Titus Lucretius Carus] Lucretius
- Introduction to Lucretius' On the Nature of Things | PDF File (12 pages) | Sophia Project
- Lucretius lecture by David Goodhew 'Life, love, death and atomic physics' | Video (50:58) - YouTube
- On the Nature of Things | Lucretius Translated by W. H. D. Rouse | Harvard Press
- Lucretius, part 1: a poem to explain the entire world around us | by Emma Woolerton - The Guardian
The subject of Lucretius's six-book poem De Rerum Natura was not war, love, myth or history – it was atomic physics
Excerpt: "The title of his work reveals the ambition: De Rerum Natura is variously translated as "The nature of things",
"On the nature of things" and "On the nature of the universe", a poem to explain the entire world around us."
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- The Swoop and Surge of Life: Lucretius on Ethics in Motion | Essay by Will Buckingham
- Titus Lucretius Carus (c. 99 B.C.E. - 55 B.C.E.) | New World Encyclopedia
- Titus Lucretius Carus (99 BC-55 BC) | Early Evolutionists - The Friedman Lab | Harvard
- Images etc. of Lucretius | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Plutarch (46-119AD) | Wikipedia
Plutarch of Chaeronea (46-c.122) | Livius.org
Influential Greek philosopher and author, well known for his biographies and his moral treatises.
Claudius Ptolemy (85-165AD) | Mactutor
Summary: Ptolemy was the most influential of Greek astronomers and geographers of his time.
He propounded the geocentric theory of the solar system that prevailed for 1400 years.
- Claudius Ptolemy | Definition by Mark Cartwright | World History Encyclopedia
Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100 to c. 170 CE) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, and geographer.
- Ptolemy
Egyptian astronomer, mathematician, and geographer (born c. 100 CE—died c. 170 CE) | Britannica
See all videos and images for this article.
- Claudius Ptolemy (100 – 170 AD) | Wikipedia
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He was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.
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- Claudius Ptolemy | Encyclopedia.com
- An Earth-Centered View of the Universe | Khan Academy
Born: 85 CE; Hermiou, Egypt. Died: 165 CE; Alexandria, Egypt
- Ptolemy’s Planetary Theory: An English Translation of Book One, Part A of the Planetary Hypotheses
with Introduction and Commentary
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PDF File (248 pages) by Elizabeth A. Hamm | A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyInstitute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology University of Toronto.
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- Claudius Ptolemy: Great Astronomers Paperback – Large Print, by Robert Stawell Ball | Amazon
- Twenty results for Books by Ptolemy | Amazon
- Books by Claudius Ptolemy | Bookshop.org
- Tetrabiblos by Claudius Ptolemy, J. M. Ashland (Translator), D. P. Curtin (Editor) | Barnes & Noble
Tetrabiblos is a text on the philosophy and practice of astrology, written in the
2nd century AD by the Alexandrian scholar Claudius Ptolemy (c. AD 90–c. AD 168).
- Ptolemy's Geography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters | Barnes & Noble
By Ptolemy, J. Lennart Berggren and Alexander Jones (Translators)
Ptolemy's Geography is the only book on cartography to have survived from
the classical period and one of the most influential scientific works of all time.
- Geography of Claudius Ptolemy by Claudius Ptolemy, | Barnes & Noble
Edward Luther Stevenson (translation), Joseph Fischer (Introduction) | Different review
- Ptolemy: the Geography | University of Chicago
- Ptolemy's Geography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters | Princeton University Press
Translated by J. Lennart Berggren and Alexander Jones
- Claudius Ptolemy and the Geography | National Library of Scotland
- Ptolemy's Universe: The Natural Philosophical and Ethical Foundations of Ptolemy's Astronomy
Paperback – by Liba Chaia Taub (Author) | Amazon
- Ptolemy Collected Works | Delphi Classics
- The collected works of Ptolemy. Illustrated: Geography, Tetrabiblos by Ptolemy | storytel
- The collected works of Ptolemy. Illustrated: Geography, Tetrabiblos | eBook - Barnes & Noble
By Ptolemy, Edward Luther Stevenson (Translator), Frank Egleston Robbins (Translator)
- Ptolemy | New World Encyclopedia
- Almagest by Ptolemy | The Greatest Books
- Almagest | The Manhattan Rare Book Company
- Almagest | Britannica
- Ptolemy’s Almagest | Translated and Annotated by G. J. Toomer
PDF File (672 pages) | Classical Liberal Arts Academy
- The Legacy of Ptolemy's Almagest | Video (50 minutes) - YouTube
Ep. 11 Initial Conditions: A Physics History Podcast
- Almagest | Wikipedia
The Almagest is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions
of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy (AD 100 – 170) in Koine Greek.
- Mathematical Treasure: Ptolemy’s Almagest
Author: Frank J. Swetz | MAA
- Almagest | University of Minnesota
The principles laid down in the Almagest are fundamental to mapping the earth,
and it is significant that Ptolemy wrote the Geographia after he had completed the Almagest.
- Ptolemy's Almagest by Ptolemy Edited and translated by G. J. Toomer | Princeton University Press
- Ptolemy's Almagest (Paperback) by Ptolemy, G. J. Toomer (Editor), G. J. Toomer (Translator) | Avid Bookshop
- Ptolemy's table of chords | Wikipedia
- Claudius Ptolemy: The Mathematics of Celestial Motion | Written by Dr. Aditya Nagrath | Elephant Learning
- Volume 1, Chapter 1: The Map and the Development of the History of Cartography by J.B. Harley
PDF File (42 pages) University of Chicago
- Chapter 8: Instrumentalism and Realism by Richard DeWitt | PDF File (10 pages) | Fairfield University
- The world according to Ptolemy | PDF File (40 pages)
- Chapter 9: The Reception of Ptolemy’s Geography by Patrick Gautier Dalche | PDF File (80 pages)
(End of the Fourteenth to Beginning of the Sixteenth Century)
- Scientific Method in Ptolemy's Harmonics | PDF File (291 pages)
- The Ptolemaic Universe - Hipparchus | PDF File (34 pages) | Princeton University
- Ancient Greek Astronomy and Cosmology | Essay - Library of Congress
- Imgaes of Claudius Ptolemy | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Euclid of Alexandria (325-265) | MacTutor
Summary: Euclid was a Greek mathematician best known for his treatise on geometry:
The Elements. This influenced the development of Western mathematics for more than 2000 years.
- Euclid | Britannica
- Euclid of Alexandria (c. 330–c. 270 BC) | The World of David Darling
- Eudlid (325-265) | Wikipedia
- Hippocrates of Chios | Wikipedia
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The major accomplishment of Hippocrates is that he was the first to write a systematically organized geometry textbook, called Elements, that is, basic theorems, or building blocks of mathematical theory. Excerpt: In the century after Hippocrates, at least four other mathematicians wrote their own Elements, steadily improving terminology and logical structure. In this way, Hippocrates' pioneering work laid the foundation for Euclid's Elements (c. 325 BC), which was to remain the standard geometry textbook for many centuries.
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- Clay Mathematics Institute Historical Archive: The thirteen books of Euclid's Elements
- Euclid's Elements - Table of Contents | Clark University
- The First Six Books of the Elements of Euclid | PDF File (235 pages) | Project Gutenberg
- Euclid's Elements of Geometry | PDF File (545 pages) | University of Texas at Austin
- The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements | PDF File (441 pages)
- Euclid | World History Encyclopedia
- Who was Euclid? by Benjamin Wardhaugh | Princeton University Press
→ William Blake’s vision of Urizen wielding the ‘golden compasses’
to impose mathematical laws on an unwilling world. →
- Euclid, The Father of Geometry | Biography & Contributions | Study.com
- Euclid's Phaenomena: A Translation and Study of a Hellenistic Treatise in Spherical Astronomy
By J. L. Berggren and R. S. D. Thomas | Reviewed by Fernando Q. Gouvêa | MAA
- Euclid’s Phaenomena: A Translation and Study of a Hellenistic Treatise in Spherical Astronomy
By J. L. Berggren and R. S. D. Thomas | AMS Bookstore
- Euclid's Phaenomena: A Translation and Study of a Hellenistic Treatise in Spherical Astronomy
By J.L. Berggren, R S D Thomas | goodreads
- Books by Euclid | Amazon
Books by Euclid | thriftbooks
The Contents of the Fifth and Sixth Books of Euclid by M. J. Hill | Barnes & Noble
(with a Note on Irrational Numbers)
Pappus' Notes to Euclid's Optics by Alexander Jones - University of Toronto | PDF File
The Arabic Version of Euclid's Optics: | Barnes & Noble
Edited and Translated with Historical Introduction and Commentary Volume I
by Elaheh Kheirandish
Euclid’s Contribution in Mathematics | Studious Guy
Renditions of the Elements of Euclid | Britannica
It is sometimes said that, other than the Bible, the Elements is the most translated,
published, and studied of all the books produced in the Western world.
Euclid: 'The laws of nature are but the mathematical thoughts of God.' | The Socratic Method
How Euclid once ruled the world by Judith Grabiner | Plus Maths
Is Math an Invention or a Discovery? | 3010 tangents
The class blog for Math 3010, fall 2014, at the University of Utah
Is math discovered or invented? - Jeff Dekofsky | Video - YouTube
Are Euclid’s Axioms Empirical? by Bertrand Russell | Drew University
Epistemology of Geometry | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
“Repugnant to the nature of a straight line”: Non-Euclidean geometry | Intellectual Mathematics
Euclid in the Rainforest: Discovering Universal Truth in Logic and Math by Joseph Mazur | goodreads
Euclid in the Rainforest: Discovering Universal Truth in Logic and Math
Paperback – Illustrated by Joseph Mazur (Author) | Amazon
Euclid in the Rainforest: Discovering Universal Truth in Logic and Math by Joseph Mazur
Reviewed by Stacy G. Langton | MAA
Euclid in the Rainforest: Discovering Universal Truth in Logic and Math by Joseph Mazur | Harvard Book Store
Parallel postulate | Wikipedia
Euclid's Fifth Postulate | Cut The Knot
Euclid's Fifth Postulate by John D. Norton - University of Pittsburgh
The Impossible Proof: by Anna Riffe | PDF File (22 pages) | MAA
An Analysis of Adrien-Marie Legendre’s Attempts to Prove Euclid’s Fifth Postulate
On The Puzzling History of Euclid’s Fifth Postulate | Great Books Guy
Images of Euclid of Alexandria | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Diophantus of Alexandria (200-284) | MacTutor
Summary: Diophantus was a Greek mathematician sometimes known as 'the father of algebra' who is best
known for his Arithmetica. This had an enormous influence on the development of number theory.
Hypatia of Alexandria (370-415) | MacTutor
Summary: Hypatia was the first woman to make a substantial contribution to
the development of mathematics. She was killed by a fanatical Christian sect.
- Hypatia of Alexandria (370-415) | World History Encyclopedia
- Hypatia of Alexandria | New World Encyclopedia
- Hypatia
mathematician and astronomer | Britannica
- Hypatia (370,350-415AD | Wikipedia
- Hypatia of Alexandria - Philosopher, Astronomer, and Mathematician | by Jone Johnson Lewis | ThoughtCo
- Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 355 - 415) - Mathematician, astronomer and philosopher | Womenpedia
Hypatia of Alexandria: The First Woman in STEM
- Hypatia's Mathematics | Article by John H. Lienhard | University of Houston
- Hypatia, Ancient Alexandria’s Great Female Scholar | Article by Sarah Zielinski | Smithsonian Magazine
An avowed paganist in a time of religious strife,
Hypatia was also one of the first women to study math, astronomy and philosophy.
- Hypatia | Article by Elizabeth Hilfrank | National Geographic Kids
The woman who paved the way for female mathematicians
- Hypatia (370?-415) | Biographies of Women Mathematicians
Written by Ginny Adair, Class of 1998 (Agnes Scott College)
- Hypatia (370-415) | Scientific Women
Includes brief yet interesting video.
- Hypatia of Alexandria: Video (20:50) - Quil & Ink History - YouTube
The (REAL) history of antiquities greatest female philosopher.
- Hypatia And The Great Fall Of Alexandria | Alexandria | Timeline | Video (47:46) - YouTube
- The First Woman Mathematician: Hypatia of Alexandria | Essay by Fathul Mundir | Medium Blog
- In Memory of Hypatia of Alexandria | Article by Amy M. Cools | Ordinary Philosophy
- "Agora" and Hypatia - Hollywood Strikes Again | Article by Tim O'Neil
- The Great Myths 9: Hypatia of Alexandria | Article by Tim O'Neil | History for Atheists
- This brilliant philosopher was murdered by a mob. But there's much more to her story. | National Geographic
Article by Clelia Martínez Maza | March 21, 2024
- Hypatia and the end of the classical world | Article by Sean Ledwith Feb. 27, 2024 | Counterfire
- The Library of Alexandria – destroyed by an angry mob with torches? Not very likely. | Stanford University
The Book Haven: Cynthia L. Haven's blog for the written word
- Historical Libraries: The Library of Alexandria | Mid-Continent Public Library
- The Perniciously Persistent Myths of Hypatia and the Great Library
By David Bentley Hart | First Things
- The Burning of the Library of Alexandria | Article by Preston Chesser | Ohio State University
- Library of Alexandria | Wikipedia
- The Killing of Hypatia | Article by Soraya Field Fiorio | Laphams Quarterly
A fight over all things visible and invisible, featuring practical magic, empire, and terrible men.
- The Great Library of Alexandria | University of Chicago
- Who Destroyed the Library of Alexandria? | Article by Dr. Heather Lynn
- Hypatia of Alexandria | PDF File (4 pages) | UCSC
- Hypatia and Her Mathematics | Article by Michael A. B. Deakin | PDF File (11 pages)
The American Mathematical Monthly, March 1994
- Hypatia of Alexandria: Maths against Intolerance | BBVA Open Mind
- Hypatia, the First Known Woman Mathematician | Essay by Sarah J. Greenwald and Edith Prentice Mendez
- Hypatia of Alexandria | Editor: M.A.B. Daekin | PDF File (6 pages)
- The Great Mathematician: Hypatia of Alexandria | CieMath
- The Mathematical Contributions of Hellenistic Neoplatonist Philosopher Hypatia
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Hypatía of Alexandria | Suppressed Histories
- Hypatia of Alexandria | The Woman Who Knew Too Much | Respect, Rebel, Revolt
- Film: Science vs. Zealots, 1,500 Years Ago | Article by Larry Rohter | The New York Times
- Hypatia of Alexandria: Mathematician and Martyr Hardcover – by Michael A. B. Deakin (Author) | Amazon
- Hypatia | University of Chicago
- The Life, Work and Death of Hypatia by Alan Cameron | P.65-82 - FULL TEXT | Open EditionBooks
- Hypatia of Alexandria by Maria Dzielska, Translated by F. Lyra | Harvard University Press
- Hypatia of Alexandria - Paperback – by Maria Dzielska (Author) | Amazon
- Hypatia of Alexandria by Maria Dzielska, F. Lyra | Barnes & Noble
- A Legendary Thinker: Hypatia of Alexandria. Maria Dzielska | Book Review | Science.org
- Hypatia Of Alexandria Summary by Maria Dzielska | Bookey
Unveiling the Life and Legacy of Hypatia, Ancient Scholar.
- Images of Hypatia of Alexandria | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Epistemology | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Thinking About Thought (2015) by Piero Scaruffi | The Structure of Life and the Meaning of Matter
Towards a Unified Understanding of Life, Mind and Matter
Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Epistemology | Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Epistemology | Encyclopedia Britannica
Epistemology | Wikipedia
Physics suggests that the future has already happened | BBC
Epistemology: Science and technology: a Western imbroglio
From Heraclitus to Socrates | What is real about reality? | The Gallerist
Pre-Socratic Philosophers | World History Encyclopedia
Includes 15-minute video.
Greek Philosophy Before Socrates | Video (1:40:19) - YouTube
John Hamer of Toronto Centre Place looks at the Pre-Socratic philosophers and how their ideas
created the ground from which Socrates' own thought emerged.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) | New World Encyclopedia
- Freud's ideas
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) | Wikipedia
- Sigmund Freud Museum
- Sigmund Freud Austrian psychoanalyst (1856-1939) | Britannica
- Sigmund Freud (1856—1939) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) | Biography
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) | Good Therapy
- Sigmund Freud’s Theories & Contribution To Psychology by Saul Mcleod, PhD | Simply Psychology
- Sigmund Freud's Life, Theories, and Influence | Article
by Kendra Cherry, MSEd | verywellmind
- Freud: his life in pictures
- Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) | Article by Andrzej Grzybowski and Joanna Zolnierz | JNeurol | NLM - NCBI
Although best known for his pioneering work in psychiatry and
psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud began his medical career in neurology.
-
Becoming Freud: The Making of a Psychoanalyst by Adam Phillips | Yale University Press
- Freud's World: An Encyclopedia of His Life and Times
by Luis A. Cordón (Author) | Amazon
Comprising well-known and obscure information, this compendium provides a historical context
to the facts of Sigmund Freud's life, theories, and influence on society.
- Freud's World: An Encyclopedia of His Life and Times by Luis A. Cordón | Bloomsbury Publishing
- Freud's World: An Encyclopedia of His Life and Times
by Luis A. Cordón | Barnes & Noble
- Influential Books by Sigmund Freud | verywellmind
- Books by Sigmund Freud | Amazon
- Sigmund Freud bibliography | Wikipedia
- Books by Sigmund Freud | thriftbooks
- Sigmund Freud | Penguin Random House
- Books by Freud, Sigmund (sorted by popularity) | Project Gutenberg
- Books by Freud | Freud Museum Shop - London
- The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud | verywellmind
- Interpretation of Dreams: The Complete and Definitive Text - Paperback – by Sigmund Freud (Author) | Amazon
- The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud (1900) | PDF File (212 pages) | York University
- The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud | PDF File (585 pages) | Project Gutenberg
- The Interpretation of Dreams Book download in PDF, ePub & Mobi by Sigmund Freud (585 pages) | Alice & Books
- The Sigmund Freud Collection by Sigmund Freud | Barnes & Noble
- History - Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
- Reality principle | Wikipedia
- Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory of Personality: Nurture against Nature | Personality and Nature/Nurture
- Id, Ego, and Superego: Freud's Elements of Personality | verywellmind
- Freud's Theory of Reality: A Critical Account | Article by Edward S. Casey (32 pages) | JSTOR
You can register to read articles for free on JSTOR.
- Sigmund Freud | Article by Eleanor Sawbridge Burton 2015 | Institute of Psychoanalysis | British
- Freudian Theory and Consciousness: A Conceptual Analysis | Article by Avinash De Sousa | NLM - NCBI
- The Unconcious Mind, Preconscious Mind and Conscious Mind | verywellmind
- Freud’s Model of the Human Mind | Journal Psyche
- Toward an Improved Understanding of Sigmund Freud's Conception of Consciousness
Article by Thomas Natsoulas (22 pages) | The Journal of Mind and Behavior | JSTOR
- What is the Unconscious? | Freud Museum London
- Sometimes a Cigar Is Just a Cigar | Quote Investigator
- The Self Is Multilayered: Freud
- Id, ego and superego | Wikipedia
- Cartesianism
- Cartesianism | Wikipedia
- Cartesianism | Britannica
- Freud's Philosophical Challenges | Article by David Livingstone Smith | Philosophy Talk
- Sigmund Descartes? | Article by Andre Gombay | JSTOR
- Freud on Mind and Body | Essay by Barry Silverstein | PDF File (47 pages)
- Freud’s Philosophy of the Unconscious | Book by David Livingstone Smith | Springer
- Freud and the mind-brain problem | Full article by Stale Gundersen | PDF version available
The Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review | Published December 4, 2023
- How do Freud and Descartes differ from each other in the Theory of Mind? | Quora Forum
- The comparison between Freud and Merleau-Ponty | Frontiers in Psychology
A new perspective on the relationship between body and mind in the unconscious.
- Freud the philosopher | Essay by David Livingstone Smith, edited by Pam Weintraub | aeon
"Before fathering psychoanalysis, Freud first slayed the dominant
Cartesian intellectual tradition of mind-body dualism."
- Freud's Dualistic Mind-Body Interactionism: Implications for the Development of His Psychology
Article by Barry Silverstein | Sage Journals
- Freud's philosophy of the unconscious | Author: David L. Smith | KARNAC Books
- Freud's psychology and its organic foundation: sexuality and mind-body interactionism
By B. Silverstein | PubMed - NLM - NCBI
- The Evolution of Freud: by Barry Silverstein | KARNAC Books
His Theoretical Development of the Mind–Body Relationship and the Role of Sexuality
- Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience: The Bridge Between Mind and Brain | Frontiers in Psychology
Authors: Fillipo Cieri and Roberto Esposito
- Freud’s Theory of Consciousness: From Psychoanalysis to Neuro-Psychoanalysis
Dissertation by Manos Tsakiris - Penn State
- Sigmund Freud and CS Lewis model accompaniment in 'Freud's Last Session' | National Catholic Reporter
- Chicago Theater Review: FREUD’S LAST SESSION (Mercury Theater)
- Pictures and images of Sigmund Freud | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Carl Jung (1875-1961) | Britannica
- Carl Jung | Biography
Carl Jung established analytical psychology. He advanced the idea of introvert and
extrovert personalities, archetypes and the power of the unconscious.
- Carl Jung: Psychologist or Mystic? by Gina Stepp | Vision
- The Jung Page
- Carl Jung Foundation
- C.G. Jung Clubs
- Jungian Organizations in the U.S.
- A Library Guide to Jung's Collected Works | Pacific Graduate Library
- Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle by Carl Jung | Amazon
- Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle | by Carl Jung | International Association for Analytical Psychology
- Carl Jung on Synchronicity | Arts of Thought
- List of Carl Jung's books with summaries
- The Jungian Model of the Psyche | Journal Psyche
- Jung and his Individuation Process | Journal Psyche
- The Structure of the Psyche, by Carl Jung (full audio) | Video - YouTube
- Carl Jung and the Concept of Collective Consciousness
- What are Jungian Archetypes? | verywellmind
- The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious | Carl Jung
|
"For Jung, the goal of life was to see the 'individuation' of this self, a sort of uniting of a person's conscious and unconscious minds so that their original unique promise might be fulfilled. This larger conception of the self was also based on the idea that humans are expressions of a deeper layer of universal consciousness. To grasp the uniqueness of each person, paradoxically we had to go beyond the personal self to understand the workings of this deeper collective wisdom."
|
- The Collective Unconscious by Walter Boechat | PDF File
- Evolution and Jung’s Theory of the Unconscious by Anthony K. Anderson | PDF File (10 pages)
- Carl Jung's Collective Unconscious Theory: What It Suggests About the Mind by Lisa Fritscher | VeryWellMind
- Jung’s Most Controversial Idea: What is the Collective Unconscious? by By Viktoriya Sus | The Collector
- In "The Red Book," Carl Jung recorded his encounters with entities from "inner space" | Big Think
- The Unconscious Mind | Carl Gustav Jung - The Founder of Analytic Psychology
- Thesis
- Works
"One Does Not Become Enlightened by Imagining Figures of Light, but by Making the Darkness Conscious." - Jung
- Archetypes & Strange Attractors by John R. Van Eenwyk
- Individuation | Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion
- Individuation and the Self | The Society of Analytical Psychology
- Mythology of Self | Dr. Michael Delahoyde - Washington State University
- What is Individuation? Carl Jung and the Journey of Self | Harley Therapy Blog
- Jung’s Vision of Individuation: Integrating the Self
Jung’s Blueprint for Self-Actualization and Transcendence
- Individuation | Wikipedia
- Carl Jung | Wikipedia
- Carl Jung Books - The Collected Works of C.G. Jung (Bollingen Series)
- Books by Carl Jung | Amazon
- Carl Jung Books
Showing 1-50 of 225 | goodreads
- Carl Jung publications | Wikipedia
This is a list of writings published by Carl Jung.
- Books by C.G. Jung | thriftbooks
- The Balance of Personality | by Chris Allen - Portland State University
This open access textbook was developed as an upper division undergraduate textbook for theories of personality.
- Becoming Your True Self - The Psychology of Carl Jung | Video: 15 minutes - YouTube
- Articles on Jungian Psychology | Society of Analytical Psychology
- C.G. Jung's Red Book: Liber Novus | Philemon Foundation
- The Red Book: A Reader's Edition by C. G. Jung | Amazon
- The Symbologist | "The Red Book: Liber Novus" by Kathryn Harrison | Book Review The New York Times
- The Red Book of Carl G. Jung: Its Origins and Influence | Library of Congress
- The Red Book
by C. G. Jung (Author), Sonu Shamdasani (Editor)
- The Red Book: Liber Novus C.G. Jung, Sonu Shamdasani (Editor), Mark Kyburz(Translator) | goodreads
- Man and His Symbols
Barnes & Noble || Paperback - Amazon || des pair books || Summary || Wikipedia
In 2017: A Current Overview | Centre of Applied Jungian Studies
- Pictures of Carl Jung | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Robert Lanza's Website
Is human consciousness creating reality? | Big Think
Is the physical universe independent from us, or is it created by our minds, as suggested by scientist Robert Lanza?
What Does Quantum Mechanics Say About Mind Powers? - Robert Lanza | Blog - Psychology Today
Beyond Biocentrism by Robert Lanza, MD with Bob Berman
Rethinking Time, Space, Consciousness, and the Illusion of Death
"Dr. Lanza provides a compelling argument for consciousness as the
basis for the universe,
rather than consciousness simply being its by-product."
There is no death, only a series of eternal ‘nows’ | Edited by Paul Weintraub | aeon
"But our theory of the universe, called biocentrism, in which life and
consciousness create the reality around them, has no space for death at all."
Faith and Quantum Theory by Stephen Barr | First Things
Proof of Universal Consciousness with the Direction of Energy Flow | Longdom
Journal of Yoga & Physical Therapy
Is Consciousness Universal? by Christof Koch on January 1, 2014 | Scientific American
Panpsychism, the ancient doctrine that consciousness is universal,
offers some lessons in how to think about subjective experience today.
On the Universal Mind | notes from the Digital Underground
Human Consciousness: Where Is It From and What Is It for? by Boris Kotchoubey | Frontiers in Psychology
A unifying theory of physics and biological information through consciousness
By Pollard-Wright Holly | Communicative and Integrative Biology | NCBI - NLM
The ubiquity of consciousness | by Anthony J Trewavas and František Baluška | NCBI - NLM
The ubiquity of consciousness, cognition and intelligence in life
Science of Consciousness | Reaprendentia
Could All Life Be Sentient? by Evan Thompson | PDF File (39 pages) | PhilSci Archive
1 Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Meijer D. K. F. (2012). The Information Universe | Research Gate
On the Missing Link in Concepts on the Architecture of Reality. Syntropy Journal | Full Text Download available
Vitalism and cognition in a conscious universe | Taylor & Francis Online
How Universal is the Mind? | Notes from Two Scientific Psychologists
What is Natural Law? by Cain Carroll
“Consciousness Creates Reality” – Physicists Admit The Universe Is Immaterial, Mental & Spiritual
The Illusion of Reality | PDF File
The Scientific Proof That Everything is Energy and Reality Isn’t Real
The Self-Simulation Hypothesis Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics | NCBI - NLM
Authors: Klee Irwin,* Marcelo Amaral, and David Chester
Non-Duality: The Participatory Universe by Alexis Karpouzos | PDF File (44 pages) - Phil Archive
Idealists believe that mind, not matter, is the primary fabric of reality | Wisdom Trove
“Consciousness Creates Reality” – Physicists Admit the Universe Is Immaterial, Mental & Spiritual | transcend.org
Reality, information, and consciousness: The universe as a cosmic quantum computer | Research Outreach
"Consciousness must have developed together with the very first life itself,
as a notion and awareness
of the environment are essential to survival."
The Paradox of Physics Envy: The Mental Universe by Stephen L. Talbott | The Nature Institute
Consciousness and Quantum Physics in the Interpretation of Reality
Article by John Nwanegbo Ben - PDF available | Research Gate
The Matrix, Psychedelics, and Consciousness by Alan J. Steinberg | Psychology Today
Quantum Gravity Research | Full Video (3:24:34)
The mental Universe by Richard Conn Henry | PDF File
"The only reality is mind and observations, but observations are not of things. To see the Universe as it really is,
we must abandon our tendency to conceptualize observations as things."
The New Biology: Discovering the Wisdom in Nature by Robert Augros and George Stanciu | Word Gems
Editor's note: The following is from chapter one, "Physics As The Paradigm."
"the great quantum physicists speak out on the primacy, not of matter but, consciousness."
Evidence that Consciousness Creates Reality: Welcome to the Matrix | Ascension Now
The Universe, Life and Everything… by Sarah Durston and Ton Baggerman | PDF File (111 pages)
Mind-Body Connection and Causation: Conceptual and Experimental Advances by Pierre Uzan | PDF File (20 pages)
Descartes and the Discovery of the Mind-Body Problem | The MIT Press Reader
René Descartes: The Mind-Body Distinction | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Mind–Body Problem by Jonathan Westphal | MIT Press Essential Knowledge series
'I think' doesn't mean 'I am' by Mark Buchanan | Nature Physics
Edward Witten's Home Page - IAS School of Natural Sciences
- Edward Witten | Scholars - Professor Emiritus - School of Natural Sciences - Mathematical Physics
- Edward Witten Awarded Hamburg Prize for Theoretical Physics | July 3, 2023
Witten, the first physicist to win the Fields Medal (1990), exhibits a unique combination of mathematical
power and physics insight, and his contributions have significantly enriched both fields.
- Magic, mystery or matrix? A conversation with string theorist Edward Witten
- Edward Witten | Articles - Scientific Publications | IAS
- Curriculum Vitae | PDF File
- Scientific Publications
- Publications Listed in "Inspire"
- Edward Witten | Biography - MacTutor
- Edward Witten - American mathematical physicist | Britannica
- The high priest of theoretical physics
Edward Witten is a genius among geniuses. | Big Think
- Viewpoints on String Theory | Edward Witten | PBS
- Big Ideas. Big Thinkers. Edward Witten
- What works did Edward Witten do? (Video Essay) | Video (20 minutes) - YouTube
- Edward Witten on Mathematics and Physics | IAS
- National Medal of Science Recipient in 2002
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National Medal of Science recipient in 2002 "for his leadership in a broad range of topics in mathematics and theoretical physics, including attempts to understand the fundamental forces of nature through string theory, and his inspired use of insights from physics to unify apparently disparate areas of mathematics."
|
- Adventures in Physics and Math by Edward Witten | PDF File | Kyoto Commemorative Lecture | IAS
- Books by Edward Witten | goodreads
- The Story of Physics - Edward Witten | Video (1:27:46) - YouTube
The righthand side of page includes several more videos of Witten.
- Edward Witten - What are Breakthroughs in Science? | Video (12 minutes) - Closer to Truth - YouTube
- Books by Edward Witten | ISBNS
- Edward Witten | Research Works (438) | Inspire-HEP
- World's Smartest Physicist Thinks Science Can't Crack Consciousness by John Horgan | Scientific American
- The Mind–Body Problem, Scientific Regress and "Woo" | John Horgan, July, 2016 - Blog Scientific American
"The deepest of all scientific mysteries, I once thought, is why there’s something rather than nothing.
Now I think mind is the deepest mystery, because without mind, there might as well be nothing."
- Dispatch from the Desert of Consciousness Research, Part 1
A reporter travels to a legendary conference in Tucson, Ariz., seeking insights into the deepest of all mysteries.
By John Horgan on May 4, 2016.
- Mind-Body Problem: How Consciousness Emerges from Matter by Ralph Lewis | Psychology Today
- The Science of Consciousness | University of Arizona Center for Consciousness Studies
- Our physics so far: a journey through spacetime, consciousness and the fundamental nature of reality
Paperback – August 5, 2021 by Arpan Dey (Author) | Amazon
The book narrates the journey of physics and science from Newton's days to today, with interesting discussions
on consciousness, chaos theory, deductions, paradoxes and an interview with renowned physicist Edward Witten.
- String Theorist Edward Witten says consciousness "will remain a mystery." | Hacker News
- Physicist Ed Witten on consciousness: "I tend to believe that it will remain a mystery"
By The Curious Wavefunction on Tuesday, August 16, 2016
- The Incredible Consciousness of Edward Witten | Posted on August 20, 2016 | Conscious Entities
- A Physicist’s Physicist Ponders the Nature of Reality | Quanta Magazine
|
Edward Witten reflects on the meaning of dualities in physics and math, emergent space-time, and the pursuit of a complete description of nature. Interview by Natalie Wolchover (senior editor)
|
- A Physicist’s Physicist Ponders the Nature of Reality | Dec., 23, 2017 - Wired Magaine
- Pictures of Edward Witten | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Individuation | Encyclopedia.com
The Principle of Individuation according to St. Thomas Aquinas | Haggarty, Joseph Michael
Psychological Approaches to Personal Identity: Do Memories and Consciousness Make Us Who We Are? | Author: Kristin Seemuth Whaley
The Mind-Brain Identity Theory | Jeffrey Kaplan - Video (34 minutes) - YouTube
As usual, I like to point out, on the right-hand side of a YouTube page is a list of other relevant videos.
Mind-Body Identity Theory | The Information Philosopher
6 fascinating solutions to the ever-baffling "mind-body problem" | Big Think
How does the mind interact with the body? Nobody really knows
— but these philosophers ventured an answer.
Mind-Body Problem | Wikipedia
Mind-Body Identity Theory Bibliography | PhilPapers
Welcome to PhilArchive
There are currently 83,867 works in the archive.
Foundations for Being Alive Now | On Being.org
Consciousness | Wikiwand
Consciousness and Personal Identity. An Investigation by Seth Carter | grin
Mind, Identity Theory of by Frank Jackson - Origin of the Identity Theory
Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Mind/Brain Identity Theory: A Critical Appraisal by Leslie Allan
Type physicalism | Wikipedia
Peter Ouspensky - 20th Century Mathematician & Philosopher
"The evolution of man is the evolution of his consciousness."
G.I.Gurdjieff
George Gurdjieff - Seeker of Truth | Videos
Ouspensky Today
Marc Bekoff Official Site
Self-Consciousness | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Formation and Structure of the Human Psyche | by William Siegfried
Florida Atlantic University | PDF File
The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche with August Cwik, PsyD | C.G. Jung Institute of Chicago
Freud’s Theory Of Personality: Id, Ego, And Superego | Simply Psychology
In Praise of the Tamed Metaphysicist: Einstein on Reality, Rationality, and the Human Passion for Comprehension
By Maria Popova - The Marginalian
How Does Consciousness Arise in the Brain? | February 7, 2019 - LiveScience
Having an out-of-body experience? Blame this sausage-shaped piece of your brain | July 5, 2023 - NPR
Is the Universe Conscious? | Psychology Today
Quantum Approaches to Consciousness | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Évariste Galois (1811-1832) | MacTutor
|
Summary: Évariste Galois was a French mathematician who produced a method of determining when a general equation could be solved by radicals and is famous for his development of early group theory. He died very young after fighting a duel.
|
- A Brief History of Évariste Galois | Video (17:28) - YouTube
- Évariste Galois - French mathematician (1811-1832) and Revolutionary | Britannica
- Évariste Galois | Wikipedia
His work laid the foundations for Galois theory and group theory,[2] two major branches of abstract algebra.
- Evariste Galois | Famous Mathematicians
- Evariste Galois
by John H. Lienhard | University of Houston
- Évariste Galois, the Teenager Who Revolutionized Mathematics by Javier Yanes | BBVA Open Mind
- Evariste Galois | Scientist of the Day | Linda Hall Library
- Men of Mathematics (Touchstone Book) Paperback – Illustrated, by E.T. Bell (Author) | Amazon
- Men of Mathematics by Eric Temple Bell | goodreads
- Men of Mathematics: | Wikipedia
The Lives and Achievements of the Great Mathematicians from Zeno to Poincaré
- Évariste Galois, The Rebel Rousing Mathematician by Ashley Langham | Elephant Learning
- Galois’ Fatal Duel | Posted by John Baez | The n-Category Cafe
- Life of Galois | PDF File (6 pages) | Wellesley University
- The life of Évariste Galois by Mr. Paul Dupuy
Associate professor of history, general supervisor of the École Normale.
- Only the Good Die Young – the Very Short Life of Évariste Galois by Harald Sack | SciHi.org
Includes 53 minute video on: The Memoirs and Legacy of Evariste Galois by Doctor Peter Neumann
- The tragic, brief life of Évariste Galois by Peter Lynch | The Irish Times
- Evariste Galois 1811–1832 by Laura Toti Rigatelli | Springer Link
- The Mathematical Writings of Évariste Galois by Peter M. Neumann | AMS
"Then there is a chapter in which the five mathematical articles published in his lifetime are reprinted."
- Evariste Galois | Life Through a Mathematicans Eyes
- Galois Theory | Wikipedia
|
The central idea of Galois' theory is to consider permutations (or rearrangements) of the roots such that any algebraic equation satisfied by the roots is still satisfied after the roots have been permuted. Originally, the theory had been developed for algebraic equations whose coefficients are rational numbers.
|
- The Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory | PDF File (7 pages) | UCSD
- DRP Presentation: The Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory by Omar Aceval | PDF File | University of Texas
- The Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory | PDF File (14 pages) | East Tennesee State University
- Évariste Galois, the Teenager Who Revolutionized Mathematics | BBVA Open Mind
- Évariste Galois, a French mathematician, was born Oct. 25, 1811. | Linda Hall Library
If ever a man were the stuff of legend, that would be Galois.
- Genius and Biographers: The Fictionalization of Evariste Galois by Tony Rothman
PDF File (23 pages) | University of Texas Austin
- Duel at Dawn
Heroes, Martyrs, and the Rise of Modern Mathematics by Amir Alexander | Harvard University Press
- Original works of great mathematician Évariste Galois | StackExchange Forum
- Évariste Galois and His Theory | Physics Forums
- Évariste Galois, The Rebel Rousing Mathematician by Ashley Langham | Medium
- Galois’ Fatal Duel | Posted by John Baez | Galois-Group.net
- Galois Groups and the Symmetries of Polynomials | Quanta Magazine
|
By focusing on relationships between solutions to polynomial equations, rather than the exact solutions themselves, Évariste Galois changed the course of modern mathematics.
|
Felix Christian Klein (1849-1925) | MacTutor
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Summary: Felix Klein was a German mathematician whose synthesis of geometry as the study of the properties of a space that are invariant under a given group of transformations, known as the Erlanger (sic) Programm, profoundly influenced mathematical development.
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- Felix Klein (1849-1925) - German mathematician | Britannica
- Felix Klein: A Legacy of Innovation in Mathematics and Education
- Felix Klein (1849-1925) | Encyclopedia.com
- Felix Klein | Linda Hall Library
- The Felix Klein Protocols | Eugene Chislenko and Yuri Tschinkel | PDF File(11 pages) | AMS
- Lecture Notes for Felix Klein Lectures | Gregory W. Moore | Rutgers University
Abstract: These are lecture notes for a series of talks at the Hausdorff Mathematical Institute, Bonn, Oct. 1-11, 2012
- Felix Klein and the Klein-Bottle | SciHi.org
- Klein bottle | Wikipedia
- The Bottle of Felix Klein | Lateral Science
Includes two brief videos.
- Felix Klein’s projective representations of the groups S6 and A7 | Springer Link
- Lectures on the Icosahedron and the Solution of Equations of the Fifth Degree: | AMS
With a New Introduction and Commentary | Felix Klein
- Lectures on the Icosahedron and the Solution of the Fifth Degree | Amazon
By Felix Klein (Author), George Gavin Morrice (Translator)
- Lectures on the Icosahedron; Dover Phoenix Editions | Klein, Felix; George Gavin Morrice, trans. | Common Crow
- Felix Klein and his Erlanger (sic) Programm | D. Trkovsk´a | PDF File(6 pages)
Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Erlangen program | Wikipedia
- Erlangen program | nLab
- Felix Klein's Erlangen Program | John Baez
- Felix Kkin and His "Erlanger (sic) Programm" | Garrett Birkhoff and M. K. Bennett
PDF File(32 pages) | University Digital Conservancy
- Three Letters from Sophus Lie to Felix Klein on Mathematics in Paris | Springer Link
- Felix Klein's Erlangen Program | Research Gate
- Books by Felix Klein | Amazon
- Lectures on Mathematics by Felix Klein | AMS Book Store
- Felix Klein: Visions for Mathematics, Applications, and Education (Hardcover) | Harvard Book Store
By Renate Tobies, Valentine A. Pakis (Translator)
- Books and Articles related to Felix Klein (and the Klein Project) | ICMI
- Google Book search results for "inauthor:Felix Klein"
- Sophus Lie and Felix Klein: The Erlangen Program and Its Impact in Mathematics and Physics
- Indra's Pearls: The Vision of Felix Klein From David Mumford
|
Felix Klein, a great geometer of the nineteenth century, rediscovered an idea from Hindu mythology in mathematics: the heaven of Indra in which the whole Universe was mirrored in each pearl in a net of pearls.
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- Book Review: Indra’s Pearls: The Vision of Felix Klein | PDF File | Reviewed by Albert Marden | AMS
- Indra's Pearls: The Vision of Felix Klein | Amazon
Authors: David Mumford, Caroline Series, and David Wright
- On the Complex Plane | Review of Indra's Pearls: The Vision of Felix Klein
Article by Brian Hayes | American Scientist
- Indra's Pearls (book) | Wikipedia
|
The book explores the patterns created by iterating conformal maps of the complex plane called Möbius transformations, and their connections with symmetry and self-similarity.
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- Felix Klein: Visions for Mathematics, Applications, and Education | Springer Link
- Felix Klein: visions for mathematics, applications, and education | 677 pages | Stanford
Tobies, Renate, author, Pakis, Valentine A., editor, translator
- Felix Klein: Visions for Mathematics, Applications, and Education | Barnes & Noble
By Renate Tobies, Valentine A. Pakis (Translator)
- The Arithmetizing of Mathematics by Felix Klein | PDF File(9 pages) | AMS Journal
An Address delivered at the public meeting of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Gottingen, November 2nd, 1895.
- Science Quotes by Felix Klein (12 quotes) | Today in Science History
- Quotations Felix Klein | MacTutor
- Pictures/images of Felix Klein | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
The Symmetric Group Through a Dual Perspective | PDF File(8 pages) | American Mathematical Society
David Hilbert (1862-1943) | MacTutor
"Hilbert and Minkowski, who was also a doctoral student, soon became close friends
and they were to strongly influence each others mathematical progress."
David Hilbert : German Mathematician | Vedic Math School
The foundations of Geometry Paperback – by David Hilbert (Author) | Amazon
The Foundations of Geometry by David Hilbert | Project Gutenberg
Hilbert's Axioms
Hilbert's axioms | Wikipedia
Hilbert system of axioms for Euclidean geometry | Encyclopedia of Mathematics
Appendix A - Hilbert's Axioms for Euclidean Geometry | Minnesota State University Moorhead
Hilbert's Axioms | PDF File(17 pages)
A variation of Hilbert’s axioms for euclidean geometry | Springer Link
Reviews of David Hilbert's books | MacTutor
Principles of Mathematical Logic | Wikipedia
Principles of Mathematical Logic D. Hilbert W. Ackermann | AMS Book Store
Principles of Mathematical Logic D. Hilbert W. Ackermann | Internet Archive
David Hilbert (January 23, 1862 – February 14, 1943) by Heinz Klaus Strick | PDF File(6 pages)
David Hilbert: The Architect of Modern Mathematics | BBVA Open Mind
"Hilbert believed in the ability of mathematics to find answers to all questions." Credit: Universität Göttingen
David Hilbert | Science Direct
David Hilbert praised Georg Cantor as a scholar who is unrivalled by all mathematicians from Euler to Einstein.
Hilbert's program | Wikipedia
Hilbert's program | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Hilbert Theorem | Encyclopedia of Mathematics
The Hilbert Basis Theorem | PDF File
Hilbert's basis theorem | Wikipedia
Hilbert's Basis Theorem | Art of Problem Solving
Hilbert's problems | Includes list | Wikipedia
Hilbert's problems | Wolfram
Hilbert’s Problems: 23 and Math | May 6, 2020 - Simons Foundation
David Hilbert put forth 23 problems that helped set the research agenda for mathematics in the 20th century.
Here is a status report on those challenges.
Mathematical Problems - By Professor David Hilbert | Clark University
Lecture delivered before the International Congress of Mathematicians at Paris in 1900.
On the Infinite | Lawrence C. Paulson - Machine Logic
On David Hilbert’s "On the Infinite" | Logic & Language
Hilbert on Consistency as a Guide to Mathematical Reality by Fiona T. Doherty | PDF File(18 pages) | PhilArchive
Metaphysics and mathematics: Perspectives on reality by Gideon J. Kühn | Scientific Electronic Library Online
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The Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) SA is South Africa’s premier open-access (free to access and free to publish) searchable full-text journal database in service of the South African research community.
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Article: Being able to explain your work to passers-by is laudable — but not always possible | Nature
Philosophy of mathematics | "On the infinite" by David Hilbert
Cambridge University Press | Compliments of Dartmouth College
David Hilbert (January 23, 1862 – February 14, 1943) | Wikiquote
30 Best David Hilbert Quotes With Image | 5 Facts about Hilbert | BooKey
"Mathematics is the foundation of all exact knowledge of natural phenomena."
David Hilbert Quotes
48 Sourced Quotes | LibQuotes
Pictures of David Hilbert | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpgae or site.
Kurt Gödel (1906-1978) | MacTutor
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Summary: Gödel proved fundamental results about axiomatic systems showing in any axiomatic mathematical system there are propositions that cannot be proved or disproved within the axioms of the system.
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- Kurt Gödel
American mathematician (1906-1978) | Britannica
- Kurt Godel | New World Encyclopedia
He is best known for his two incompleteness theorems, which he published in 1931 at 25 years of age,
a year after finishing his doctorate at the University of Vienna.
- Gödel, Kurt Friedrich | Encyclopedia.com
- Kurt Gödel: Life, Work, and Legacy | Institute for Advanced Study
- A New Biography of Kurt Gödel, Whose Brilliant Life Intersected With the Upheavals of the 20th Century
Review By Jennifer Szalai | The New York Times
- Kurt Godel (1906-1978) | Wikipedia
- Kurt Godel (1906-1978) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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In his philosophical work Gödel formulated and defended mathematical Platonism, the view that mathematics is a descriptive science, or alternatively the view that the concept of mathematical truth is objective.
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- The "Here" and the "There" of Mathematics: Kurt Gödel | New York University
Review of Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Gödel By John W. Dawson, Jr.
- Kurt Godel | National Acadmey of Sciences
A Biographical Memoir by Stephen C. Kleene | PDF File(46 pages)
- Kurt Gödel--Separating Truth from Proof in Mathematics | Essay by Keith Devlin | Science
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"He remained at Princeton until his death on 14 January 1978. It was an unlikely death for the man who was arguably the world's foremost expert in logic. A hypochondriac for much of his adult life, as he grew older, Gödel became convinced that he was being poisoned. He eventually stopped eating altogether, and starved to death."
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- Tragic deaths in science: Kurt Gödel - looking over the edge of reason
By Nina Bausek and Stefan Washietl
- Kurt Gödel, the Mathematician Who Spoiled David Hilbert’s Life Work!
Article by Olivia Mancuso | Elephant Learning
- Einstein and Gödel - Friendship between Equals | Discovery Institute
- When Einstein Walked with Gödel: Excursions to the Edge of Thought - Hardcover – by Jim Holt (Author) | Amazon
- A World Without Time: The Forgotten Legacy of Godel and Einstein Paperback – by Palle Yourgrau (Author) | Amazon
- A World Without Time: The Forgotten Legacy of Gödel and Einstein Reviewed by John Stachel
PDF File(8 pages) | Boston University
- Kurt Gödel and the Institute | IAS
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During his time at the Institute, Gödel maintained a somewhat solitary existence but published numerous scientific papers, including "The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum-Hypothesis," "An example of a new Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation" and "Rotating Universes in General Relativity Theory."
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- Do we live in a rotating universe? If we did, we could travel back in time | Article by Paul Sutter | Space.com
- How a rotating universe makes time travel possible | Article by Paul Sutter | Phys.org
- The Pioneer Anomaly and a Rotating Gödel Universe | PDF File (13 pages) | arXiv
- Gödel's Solution to Einstein's Field Equations (1949) | Essay by Jorgen Veisdal | Privatdozent
- Can you solve it? Gödel’s incompleteness theorem | Article by Alex Bellos | The Guardian
The theorem states that in any reasonable mathematical system there will always be true statements that cannot be proved.
- Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
They concern the limits of provability in formal axiomatic theories.
- How Gödel’s Proof Works | WIRED
- Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems | Infinity Plus ONE
- Godel's 1st Incompleteness Theorem - Proof by Diagonalization | Video (16:09) - YouTube
- Incompleteness: The Proof and Paradox of Kurt Godel | Video (2 hours) - YouTube
- Kurt Gödel and the U.S. Constitution’s loophole | Article by J.M. Mulet - El Pais
- Kurt Godel: The Greatest Logician Since Aristotle | Brnoregion
- Kurt Gödel and the Foundations of Mathematics | Horizons of Truth | Cambridge University Press
- The Gödel Editorial Project: A synopsis | Solomon Feferman | PDF File(23 pages) | Stanford University
- Original proof of Gödel's completeness theorem | Wikipedia
- Gödel’s Distinction Between Objective and Subjective Concepts | Open Edition Books
- Memories of Kurt Godel | Rudy Rucker
- [Book review] Godel, Escher, Bach: an in-depth explainer by Sam Marks | Less Wrong
- Godel for Dummies
- Gödel's incompleteness theorems | Wikipedia
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First Incompleteness Theorem: "Any consistent formal system F within which a certain amount of elementary arithmetic can be carried out is incomplete; i.e., there are statements of the language of F which can neither be proved nor disproved in F."
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- Collected Works Volume I: Publications 1929-1936 | Oxford University Press
- Collected Works: Volume I: Publications 1929-1936 (Collected Works (Oxford)) First Edition | Amazon
By Kurt Godel (Author), Solomon Feferman (Editor), & 5 more
- Collected Works (Kurt Godel Collected Works) 1st Edition | Volume II
By Kurt Gödel (Author), S. Feferman (Editor), & 5 more
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This second volume of a comprehensive edition of Gödel's works collects together all his publications from 1938 to 1974. Together with Volume I (Publications 1929-1936), it makes available for the first time in a single source all of his previously published work.
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- Collected Works - Volume III Unpublished Essays & Lectures | Barnes & Noble
By Kurt Godel, Solomon Feferman, John W. Dawson, Stephen C. Kleene, Gregory H. Moore
- Kurt Godel - Collected Works - Volume III Unpublished Essays & Lectures | PDF File (552 pages) | Monoskop
- Collected Works (Collected Works of Kurt Godel #3) (Hardcover) | Harvard
By Kurt Godel, S. Feferman (Editor), John W. Dawson (Editor)
- Godel's Collecxted Works | Volumes one through five | thriftbooks
- Gödel’s Documents | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- What Have We Learned From the Gödel Nachlass, and What More May It Have to Offer?
- Godel’s unpublished papers on foundations of mathematics | W. W. Tait | PDF File (47 pages) | University of Chicago
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Kurt Godel: Collected Works Volume III [Godel, 1995] contains a selection from Godel’s Nachlass; it consists of texts of lectures, notes for lectures
and manuscripts of papers that for one reason or another Godel chose not to
publish.
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- Future tasks for Gödel scholars | Published online by Cambridge University Press
- International Journal of Philosophy
- Kurt Godel philosopher scientist Paperback – by Crocco Gabriell (Author) | Amazon
- Kurt Gödel Philosopher-Scientist | Author(s):
Gabriella Crocco & Eva-Maria Engelen | Aix-Marseille University
This volume represents the beginning of a new stage of research in
interpreting Kurt Gödel's philosophy in relation to his scientific work.
- An Aspect of Kurt Gödel’s Basic Philosophical outlook | Essay by Montgomery Link | Open Edition Books
- Kurt Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems and Philosophy | Article by Son Cain | Medium
- Kurt Gödel's Philosophical Remarks (Max Phil) | Download Full Text | Research Gate
In book: Kurt Gödel: Philosopher-Scientist (pp.33-54)Edition: Episteme - Chapter 3
Publisher: Presses Universitaires de Provence - Editors: Gabriella Crocco, Eva-Maria Engelen
- We’ll meet again | Essay by Alexander T. Englert
The intrepid logician Kurt Gödel believed in the afterlife.
In four heartfelt letters to his mother he explained why.
- Kurt Gödel: Unpublished Philosophical Essays 1995th Edition | Amazon
By Kurt Gödel (Author), Francisco A. Rodriguez-Consuegra (Editor)
- Kurt Gödel (1906-1978) | Essay by Alistair MacFarlane | Philosophy Now
- Platonism and Mathematical Intuition in Kurt Gödel's Thought
By Charles Parsons | Cambridge University Press
- Kurt Gödel and the romance of logic | Essay by Ray Monk | Prospect Magazine
- Pictures of Kurt Godel | Google Image Search Result
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Mathematics, the science of structure, order, and relation.
Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor (1845-1918) | MacTutor
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Summary: Georg Cantor was a Russian-born mathematician who can be considered as the founder of set theory and introduced the concept of infinite numbers with his discovery of cardinal numbers. He also advanced the study of trigonometric series.
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Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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In the course of his polymathic researches, he wrote voluminously on an exceedingly wide range of topics, ranging from mathematics, mathematical logic, physics, geodesy, spectroscopy, and astronomy, on the one hand (that of mathematics and the physical sciences), to psychology, anthropology, history, and economics, on the other (that of the humanities and the social sciences).
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[What is crucial is that Peirce argued that mind pervades all of nature in varying degrees: it is not found merely in the most advanced animal species. This pan-psychistic view, combined with his synechism, meant for Peirce that mind is extended in some sort of continuum throughout the universe. - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
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Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) | Wikipedia
C.S. Peirce on Science and Belief | Article by Brian Kemple | Epoche Magazine
"To be ordered for truth: this means our whole being, our whole existence, has an orientation towards truth."
Emmy Noether - German mathematician (1882-1935) | Britannica
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This relation between what are known as the symmetries of a physical system and its conservation laws is known as Noether’s theorem and has proven to be a key result in theoretical physics.
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- Emmy Amalie Noether (1882-1935) | Biography | MacTutor
- Emmy Noether | Written by Mandie Taylor - Agnes Scott College
- Emmy Noether - Creative Mathematical Genius | SDSC
- Emmy Noether | Wikipedia
- E. Noether's Discovery of the Deep Connection between Symmetries and Conservation Laws
From arXiv.org | PDF Download available -by Nina Byers
- Symmetries and conservation laws: Consequences of Noether's theorem | PDF File
By Jozef Hanc, Slavomir Tuleja, and Martina Hancova
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"We derive conservation laws from symmetry operations using the principle of least action. These derivations, which are examples of Noether's theorem, require only elementary calculus and are suitable for introductory physics."
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- Emmy Noether: The Most Important Mathematician You've Never Heard Of | Barnes & Noble
By Helaine Becker, Kari Rust | Barnes & Noble
- Emmy Noether (18812-1935) | SDSC: San Diego Supercomputer Center
During the 1920s Noether did foundational work on abstract algebra,
working in group theory, ring theory, group representations, and number theory.
- Emmy Noether | History of Scientific Women
Includes brief video, compliments of Perimeter Institute
- Emmy Noether Publications | Google Scholar
- Emmy Noether bibliography | Wikipedia
- Noether's Theorem Explained - The Substrate of Physical Laws
- Why Beauty Is Truth: A History of Symmetry
by Ian Stewart - Paperbak | Barnes & Noble
- Why Beauty Is Truth: A History of Symmetry
by Ian Stewart - Paperbak | Amazon
- Mathematician to know: Emmy Noether | Symmetry Magazine
- Emmy Noether
23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935 | New Scientist
Mathematical genius and originator of Noether’s theorem
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As Albert Einstein wrote in The New York Times, "Fräulein Noether was the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began".
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- Emmy Noether and The Fabric of Reality | Video (58:23) - YouTube
- Noether's Theorem and The Symmetries of Reality | Video (13 minutes) - YouTube
- Emmy Noether: A Life of Service and Purpose
- Emmy Noether and The Mathematics to Understand Relativity | BBVA Open Mind
- Emmy Noether
March 23, 1882–April 14, 1935 | Article by Saunders Mac Lane | Jewish Women's Archive
- Emmy Noether | Totally History
- In her short life, mathematician Emmy Noether changed the face of physics | Science News
Feature by Emily Conover
- Amelie Emmy Noether: 1882–1935 | Celebratio Mathematica
- Celebrate the mathematics of Emmy Noether | Nature
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Excerpt: "Albert Einstein had just developed his general theory of relativity, and was struggling to understand how energy fitted into his equations. Hilbert and Klein were working on it, too, and asked Noether for help."
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- The Mighty Mathematician You’ve Never Heard Of | Article by Natalie Angier | The New York Times
- Emmy Noether | She Thought It
- Amalie Emmy Noether | Medium
Featuring artwork by Miler Ximena Lopez & words by Dr. Roopali Chaudhary, Sci-Illustrate Stories.
- Gesammelte Abhandlungen - Collected Papers of Emmy Noether | Springer Link
- Emmy Noether | Thought.co
- Emmy Noether | nLab
- Emmy Noether, Greatest Woman Mathematician by Clark Kimberling | PDF File(5 pages) | MathArticles
- Proving It Her Way: Emmy Noether, a Life in Mathematics by David E. Rowe and Mechtild Koreuber | MAA
- Emmy Noether: The Mother of Modern Algebra by M.B.W. Tent | Google Books
- Emmy Noether's Wonderful Theorem 1st Edition by Dwight E. Neuenschwander (Author) | Amazon
- Emmy Noether 1882–1935 Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. by DICK (Author) | Amazon
- Emmy Noether: The Most Important Mathematician You've Never Heard Of Hardcover – Picture Book | Amazon
By Helaine Becker (Author), Kari Rust (Illustrator)
- Emmy Noether: The Greatest Forgotten Mathematician in History | 24-minute video - YouTube
- Hermann Weyl's Poignant Eulogy for Emmy Noether by Evelyn Lamb | Scientific American
- Emmy Noether - NY Times obituary by Albert Einstein
- Pictures/images of Amelia Emmy Noether | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Scientists create ‘baby’ wormhole as sci-fi moves closer to fact - CNN
“There’s a difference between something being possible in principle and possible in reality,”
added physicist and study co-author Joseph Lykken of Fermilab..."
Murray Gell-Mann | Institute for Advanced Physics
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969 | Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969 was awarded to Murray Gell-Mann "for his contributions and discoveries
concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"
- Murray Gell-Mann Biographical (1929-2019) | Nobel Prize
- FACTS
- Interview with Murray Gell-Mann, Nobel Laureate in Physics 1969 | Video (13:37) - YouTube
List of videos on right-hand side of page are all Murray Gell-Mann.
- Institute for Advanced Physics
- Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in Twentieth-Century Physics
Paperback – October 17, 2000 by George Johnson (Author)
- Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in Twentieth-Century Physics by George Johnson | Goodreads
- Murray Gell-Mann | Britannica
In 1984 Gell-Mann cofounded the Santa Fe Institute, a nonprofit centre located in Santa Fe, New Mexico,
that supports research concerning complex adaptive systems and emergent phenomena associated with complexity.
- Murray Gell-Mann - Theoretical Physicist | Edge.org
- Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019) - Perspective | Science.org
Brilliant particle physicist who discovered quarks
- Murray Gell-Mann Chair of the Board of Santa Fe Institute (1973-1979) | Murray Gell-Mann, an oral history
Video (30 minutes) - YouTube | Murray Gell-Mann recorded his story for the Aspen Center for Physics oral history project in 2005.
He will long be remembered for his contributions to the Center.
- Murray Gell-Mann is a theoretical physicist | Magnet Academy
He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1969 for his contributions to elementary particle physics.
- HOME / NEWS: Murray Gell-Mann on quarks, pentaquarks, and what's next for particle physics | Santa Fe Institute
- Eightfold Way | Britannica
- The Eightfold Way 1st Edition by Murray Gell-mann (Author), Yuval Ne'eman (Author) | Amazon
- Frontiers in Physics | Routledge
- The Eightfold Way: A Theory of Strong Interactiuon Symmetry by Murray Gell-Mann | PDF File (52 pages) | CalTech
- The Eightfold Way: A Theory of strong interaction symmetry by Murray Gell-Mann(Caltech) | Inspire Hep
- Enter Quarks - Unraveling the Confusion: the Eightfold Way | University of Pittsburgh
- Eightfold way (physics) | Wikipedia
- Murray Gell-Mann, Ph.D. | Biography | Academy of Achievement
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"I loved the idea of structure in the world — and the power of theory — from a very early age. I was very excited at discovering relationships
among things. So many people just look at facts as disconnected objects. There is an intricate pattern or interrelationship among things."
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- Fifty years of quarks | CERN
Fifty years ago, two physicists independently proposed the existence of the subatomic particles known as quarks.
- The Science of Murray Gell-Mann | article by Sanjay Jain, Spenta R. Wadia
History and Philosophy of Physics | PDF Download available
arXiv - This article summarizes some of the most important scientific contributions of Murray Gell-Mann (1929-2019). (Invited article for Current Science, Indian Academy of Sciences).
- Consciousness, Reduction, and Emergence by Murray Gell-Mann | The New York Academy of Sciences
- Murray Gell-Mann on Complexity | Published in Paul Austin Murphy’s Essays on Philosophy
- Murray Gell-Mann, Thinking About the Future: The Big Picture | Video (1:27:26) - YouTube
- From My Archives: Quark Inventor Murray Gell-Mann Doubts Science Will Discover “Something Else”
By John Horgan on December 17, 2013 | Scientific American
- The Complexity of Science | PDF File (22 pages) - Phil Archive
- Evolution and Complexity by Sohail Inayatullah | MetaFuture
Originally published as a review “Life, the Universe and Emergence," Biochemist and former deputy editor of New Scientist
and Research News Editor of Science Roger Lewin gives a tour of theories
of complexity based on interviews
with leading exponents of this new theory of everything.
- Plectics: The study of simplicity and complexity | PDF File by Murray Gell-Mann, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, USA
- What Makes a System Complex? - An Approach to Self Organization and Emergence | Semantics Scholar
"It is observed that entering complexity state opens the possibility for the function to feedback onto the structure,
that is, to mimic at technical level the invention of Nature over Her very long history."
- Books by Murray Gell-Mann | showing 22 distinct works | goodreads
- Books by Murray Gell-Mann | Inspire-hep
- Murray Gell-Mann Selected Papers | Google Books
Authors: Murray Gell-Mann and Harald Fritzsch | World Scientific, 2010 - Science - 449 pages
- Gell-Mann, Murray ""Symmetries of Baryons and Mesons" | Peter Harrington Rare Books
- Nonextensive Entropy: Interdisciplinary Applications | thriftbooks
(Part of the Santa Fe Institute Studies on the Sciences of Complexity Series)
by Murray Gell-Mann and Constantino Tsallis
- The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex
By Murray Gell-Mann | Google Books
- The Quark and the Jaguar - Adventures in the Simple and the Complex
By Murray Gell-Mann | Macmillan Publishers
- The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex by Murray Gell-Mann
By Julian Brown | July 16, 1994 - New Scientist
- The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex by Murray Gell-Mann
Goodreads - 392 pages, Paperback - First published April 1, 1994
- Murray Gell-Mann,The Quark and the Jaguar
Video (1:44:41) - Linus Pauling Memorial Lecture Series - YouTube
- Remembering Murray Gell-Mann
(1929–2019), Inventor of Quarks | Stephen Wolfram
- Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019) | Theoretical physicist who won a Nobel for codifying fundamental particles.
Article by Robert Crease | Nature
- Murray Gell-Mann, Who Peered at Particles and Saw the Universe, Dies at 89
By George Johnson - May 24, 2019 | The New York Times
- Murray Gell-Mann | Wikipedia
- Pictures of Murray Gell-Mann et al | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Antoine Lavoisier(1743-1794)
| WikipediaWho Is the Father of Chemistry?
Read the complete article to know about Antoine Lavoisier - The Father of Chemistry and his achievements.
John Dalton (1766-1844) | Biography
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906 - J.J. Thomson
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906 was awarded to Joseph John Thomson
"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908 was awarded to Ernest Rutherford "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"
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- Ernest Rutherford - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908 | FACTS | Nobel Prize
In 1902 they (with Frederick Soddy) formulated a revolutionary theory:
that elements could disintegrate and be transformed into other elements.
- Award ceremony speech | Nobel Prize
- Ernest Rutherford - Biographical | Nobel Prize
- Breaking boundaries: how the physicist Ernest Rutherford won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry - Matin Durrani | Physics World
- Rutherford wins Nobel Prize 10 December 1908 | New Zealand History
- Ernest Rutherford | Science History Institute Museum & Library
Through his inventive experimental work Rutherford made many new discoveries in both radioactivity and nuclear physics.
- Ernest Rutherford | Biography
- Ernest Rutherford | Wikipedia
- Pioneers in Optics: Johann Wilhelm Ritter and Ernest Rutherford
Article by Michael W. Davidson| Cambridge University Press
- Ernest Rutherford | Science History Institute
He discovered alpha and beta rays, set forth the laws of radioactive decay, and identified alpha particles as helium nuclei.
- Exploring the Atom (1919-1932) | The Manhattan Project
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Excerpt: "Rutherford found that nitrogen nuclei ejected what he suspected was "a hydrogen atom" when bombarded with energetic (alpha) particles. Subsequently, he named this fundamental particle the proton."
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- Ernest Rutherford Biography | Video (16:31) - YouTube
Kathey loves physics and history.
- Ernest Rutherford - The Discovery of Radioactivity
- The proton, a century on | CERN
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A century after physicist Ernest Rutherford published work proving the existence of the proton, much remains to be learnt about this ubiquitous particle.
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- Discovery of Protons and Neutrons | BYJU'S
- Rutherford, transmutation and the proton | CERN Courier
The events leading to Ernest Rutherford’s discovery of the proton, published in 1919.
- Rutherford Scattering | Hyperphysics
- Modern Atomic Theory: Models | abcte.org
The discovery of the nucleus is considered to be Rutherford's greatest scientific work.
- Rutherford and the Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus | APS
- What was Rutherford’s greatest discovery? by James Dacey | Physics World
- Ernest Rutherford | Accomplishments, Atomic Theory, & Facts | Britannica
- Ernest Rutherford Discovers the Nucleus by Harald Sack | SciHi.org
“In science there is only physics; all the rest is stamp collecting.”
— Ernest Rutherford, As quoted in Rutherford at Manchester (1962) by J. B. Birks
- Ernest Rutherford (1871 - 1937) | People and Discoveries - PBS
- Collision of alpha particles with light atoms. E. Rutherford | An anomalous effect in nitrogen | Google Books
- The collision of alpha-particles with atomic nuclei | H. S. W. Massey | The Royal Society Publishing
- Chapter 1: Collision of alpha Particles with Light Atoms by E. Rutherford | Taylor & Francis
- The Collected Papers of Lord Rutherford of Nelson Volume 1 By Ernest Rutherford | Routledge
This is the first of three volumes which together contain the complete range of Lord Rutherford’s scientific papers.
- The Collected Papers of Lord Rutherford of Nelson: Volume 2 | Amazon
By Ernest Rutherford (Author), James Chadwick (Series Editor)
- The Collected Papers of Lord Rutherford of Nelson - Volume 3 | Routledge
- The Collected Papers of Lord Rutherford of Nelson | Rare Books
First editions of this work, from the library of Stephen Hawking.
- The Collected Papers of Lord Rutherford of Nelson | James Chadwick (Ed) | Rutherford.org
- Books by Ernest Rutherford | thriftbooks
- Books Ernest Rutherford | Amazon
- Books by Ernest Rutherford | Showing 30 distinct books | goodreads
-
Rutherford - Simple Genius - Paperback - By David Wilson | MIT Press
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"This is the first full-length biography of Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), the most important experimental physicist of his time, and probably the most ingenious since Faraday. It was Rutherford who discovered the atomic nucleus and who first "split" an atom."
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- Ernest Rutherford - his genius shaped our modern world | PDF File | Europhysics News
- Rutherford | Science Direct
- Ernest Rutherford - Nobel Lecture
- Rutherford and the Birth of Nuclear Physics | Video (45:31) - YouTube
- Ernest Rutherford: And the Explosion of Atoms by J. L. Heilbron (Author) | Amazon
- Pictures and images of Ernest Rutherford | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
The Atom, Theory and Models
- Khan Chemistry Library
- Who first discovered that atoms are made up of other particles and how was this found? | Union University
- Into the Atom - The Unchangeable, Unsplittable Atom | The Mystery of Matter
- The Atom and Atomic Structure | The Manhattan Project
- Atomic Theory | Wikipedia
- History of Atomic Theory
- Foreign Membership of the Royal Society: Schrödinger and Heisenberg?
By David Clary - The Royal Society Publishing
- The New Quantum Mechanics Of Heisenberg, Schrödinger, And Dirac
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These new theories were the matrix mechanics of Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976), the wave mechanics of Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1951), and the transformation theory of Paul A. M. Dirac (1902–1984), the last being a more general version that includes both of the other versions.
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- Schrödinger, a Quantum behind the Secret of Life | BBVA Open Mind
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In 1926, he developed an alternative formulation to Heisenberg’s original quantum theory (1926), which is summarized in Schrödinger’s wave equation. With it he provided a very practical way to describe the behaviour of quantum systems such as atoms and molecules, and for this work he received the Nobel in 1933, a year after Heisenberg.
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- Discovery of the Atom | Physics - Lumen Learning
- The Atomic Theory of Matter | Libre Texts - Chemistry
- Atomic Theory Timeline | UPenn
- Timeline on Atomic Structure
-
Atomic theory - early models | Primary Connections
- Know how scientists discovered atoms and the instruments that help them view these small particles | Britannica
- Development of atomic theory | Britannica
- The Discovery of the Atom | hellovaia
- Contributors to the Atomic Theory | Sutori
- The History of the Atom – Theories and Models by Andy Brunning | Compound Chemistry
- A Brief History of Atomic Theory By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. | Thought.co
- Atomic Theory Timeline
- History of Atomic Theory | An Introduction to Chemistry by Mark Bishop
- History of Atomic Theory | PDF File
- Timeline of quantum mechanics | Wikipedia
- Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics | Wikipedia
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935 - James Chadwick | Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935 was awarded to James Chadwick "for the discovery of the neutron"
James Chadwick - Biographical - The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935
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Excerpt: "In Cambridge, Chadwick joined Rutherford in accomplishing the transmutation of other light elements by bombardment with alpha particles, and in making studies of the properties and structure of atomic nuclei."
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- James Chadwick | Britannica
- James Chadwick | Famous Scientists
- James Chadwick | Nuclear Museum
Sir James Chadwick (1891-1974) was an English physicist and winner of the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics.
- James Chadwick | Wikipedia
- James Chadwick | New World Encyclopedia
- The Neutron and the Bomb: A Biography of Sir James Chadwick First Edition by Andrew Brown (Author) | Amazon
- May 1932: Chadwick Reports the Discovery of the Neutron | APS News
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By 1920, physicists knew that most of the mass of the atom was located in a nucleus at its center, and that this central core contained protons. In May 1932 James Chadwick announced that the core also contained a new uncharged particle, which he called the neutron.
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- William Draper Harkins | Wikipedia
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"Harkins correctly predicted the existence of the neutron in 1920 (as a proton–electron complex) and was the first to use the word "neutron" in connection with the atomic nucleus."
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- Rethinking Reality | Science News
|
"In that year Science News Bulletin, the first iteration of Science News, distributed what was “believed to be the first popular explanation” of the quantum theory of radiation, provided by American physical chemist William D. Harkins. He proclaimed that the quantum theory “is of much more practical importance” than the theory of relativity."
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- Chadwick's Atomic Model (1932)
- Atomic Theory | Weebly
- Chadwick discovers the neutron 1932 | People and Discoveries - PBS
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For four years, James Chadwick was a prisoner of war in Germany. When World War I ended, he returned to his native England to rejoin the mentor of his undergraduate days, Ernest Rutherford. Now head of Cambridge University's nuclear physics lab, Rutherford oversaw Chadwick's PhD in 1921 and then made him assistant director of the lab.
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- Discovery of the Neutron (1932) | Libre Texts Chemistry
- James Chadwick | The Manhattan Project
- The Maud Report, 1941
By Spring 1941, the MAUD Committee concluded that a bomb was feasible
and that a practical method of producing uranium-235 could be developed.
- Discovery of the neutron | Wikipedia
- Discovery of the Neutron | Hyperphysics
- Discovery of Protons and Neutrons | Vedantu
- Prominent Discoveries of James Chadwick: Atomic Theory | UNAcademy
- James Chadwick | Totally History
- James Chadwick | Neutron Sources
- Pictures of James Chadwick et-al | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Neuroscience and Psychoanalysis - Approaches to Consciousness and Thinking | NCBI - NLM
The Library of Consciousness
Consciousness is Fundamental | Dec. 11, 2020 by Federico Faggin
What is the Nature of Consciousness? | Quanta Magazine
The Nature of Consciousness: First Edition Paperback – by Karl Sipfle (Author) | Amazon
The Psychobiology of Consciousness | Springer Link
Biology of Consciousness | Frontiers in Psychology
Authors: Gerald M. Edelman, Joseph A. Gally, and Bernard J. Baars
The Physics of Consciousness: | Paperback – by Ivan Antic (Author) | Amazon
In the Quantum Field, Minerals, Plants, Animals and Human Souls (Existence - Consciousness - Bliss)
Complementarity of mind and body: Realizing the dream of descartes, einstein and eccles | Research Gate
Introduction to Philosophy | University of Central Florida Pressbooks
Authors: Matthew Van Cleave; Paul Jurczak; Christopher Schneck; and Douglas Sjoquist
The Fragmentation of the Universe and the Devolution of Consciousenss | Essay by Stephen Thaler | From the Library of Congress
A Brief Introduction to Noetic Field Theory: The Quantization of Mind | by Richard Amoroso | Academia
Consciousness: 'A Thousand Points Of Light', by R. Amoroso, B. Martin | Published: May, 2013 (20 years ago!)
The Emergence Of Self-Organization From The Noumenon Of The Conscious Universe
Is Consciousness Fundamental? | Closer to Truth | Video (26:46) - YouTube
The Source of Consciousness - with Mark Solms | Video (1:04:01) - YouTube
The Hidden Spring: A Journey to the Source of Consciousness | by Mark Solms | Amazon
Mark Solms | Wikipedia
Alfred North Whitehead | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosphy
In an article on Time in the same encyclopedia, he said:
“There is no nature apart from transition, and there is no transition apart from temporal duration.
This is why an instant of time, conceived as a primary simple fact, is nonsense” (Whitehead 1938, p. 207).
Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) | Wikipedia
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) | Britannica
- The Life of Bertrand Russell Hardcover - 1975 by Clark, Ronald W. (Biography of Bertrand Russell.) | BIBLIO
- Bertrand Russell | Wikipedia
- A Largeness of Contemplation: Bertrand Russell on Intuition, the Intellect, and the Nature of Time
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Analysis of Mind, by Bertrand Russell
- The Analysis of Mind by Bertrand Russell | Routledge
- The Principles of Mathematics by Bertrand Russell
The Principles of Mathematics, by Bertrand Russell, was first published in 1903. This online edition is based on
the public domain text as it appears in the 1996 Norton paperback reprint of the 1938 Second Edition (ISBN 0-393-31404-9).
- The Principles of Mathematics 2nd ed. Edition
by Bertrand Russell (Author) | Amazon
His ideas have had a profound influence on twentieth-century work on logic and the foundations of mathematics.
- Bertrand Russell:
The Principles of Mathematics (1903) | UMASS
Free online edition (Version 0.22: 19 Jun 2023)
- Principia Mathematica by Alfed North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell | PDF File (719 pages) | Cambridge University Press
- Principia Mathematica 3 Volume Set 2nd Edition - Hardcover | Amazon
By Alfred North Whitehead (Author), Bertrand Russell (Author)
- Principia Mathematica | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
First published Tue May 21, 1996; substantive revision Wed Jun 23, 2021
- Summary of Principia Mathematica
"Principia Mathematica endorses a thesis introduced by modern logicians arguing that mathematical language
can be broken down into a more fundamental logical language. Russell holds that logic, by nature, is the most
accurate general language with which to describe reality."
- Principia Mathematica | Wikipedia
- Books by Bertrand Russell | thriftbooks
- Books by Bertrand Russell | Showing 30 distinct books | goodreads
- Books by Bertrand Russell (1872 – 1970) | Biblio
In 1950, Russell was made a Nobel Laureate in Literature "in recognition of his varied and significant writings
in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought."
- The Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell | 744 pages, Paperback - First published January 1, 1959 | goodreads
Author: Bertrand Russell, Lester E. Denonn (Editor), Robert E. Egner (Editor)
"This comprehensive anthology of Bertrand Russell's writings brings together his definitive essays from the period 1903 to 1959.
It covers the most fertile and the most lasting work on every significant area he published in."
- The Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell, 1903-1959 Hardcover – Unabridged, January 1, 1961 | Amazon
By Bertrand Russell (Author), Robert E. Egner (Editor), Lester E. Denonn (Editor)
- Bertrand Russell Selected Works Collection: by Bertrand Russell (Author)
| Amazon
The Problems of Philosophy, The Analysis of Mind, Why Men Fight,
Free Thought and Official Propaganda, Political Ideals Paperback – March 10, 2023
- Bertrand Russell on Immortality, Why Religion Exists, and What "The Good Life" Really Means by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- What I Believe (Routledge Great Minds) 1st Edition by Bertrand Russell (Author) | Amazon
- Russellian Monism - First published Wed Jul 3, 2019; substantive revision Tue Jul 4, 2023 | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Russellian monism is a theory in the metaphysics of mind, on which a single set of properties underlies both consciousness
and the most basic entities posited by physics.
- Bertrand Russell’s Neutral Monism and Panpsychism by Paul Austin Murphy
- Bertrand Russell | The Information Philosopher
- 1st Edition: Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits by Bertrand Russell | Routledge
- Human Knowledge: its scope and limits by Bertrand Russell | thriftbooks
- Bertrand Russell Metaphysics | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
"Russell’s Platonism involves a belief that there are mind-independent entities that need not exist to be real,
that is, to subsist and have being. Entities, or what has being (and may or may not exist) are called terms,
and terms include anything that can be thought."
- The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 1914-1944 | undergroundbooks
- The Bertrand Russell Society Page | John R. Lenz - Drew University
- Quotations in Context: Russell | Mathematical Association of America
- Pictures of Bertrand Russell - Google Search Result
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
"What we call our "thoughts" seem to depend upon the organization of tracks in the brain
in the same sort of way in which journeys depend upon roads and railways. The energy used
in thinking seems to have a chemical origin; for instance, a deficiency of iodine will turn a
clever man into an idiot. Mental phenomena seem to be bound up with material structure."
Bertrand Russel
Stuart Kauffman | The Information Philosopher
Rupert Sheldrake's Home Page
- Biography of Rupert Sheldrake, Ph.D.
- Books
- Books by Rupert Sheldrake | Amazon
- Books by Rupert Sheldrake | thriftbooks
- The Presence of the Past: Morphic Resonance and the Habits of Nature | Amazon
- The Presence of the Past: Morphic Resonance & the Habits of Nature | sheldrake.org
- The Presence of the Past
Morphic Resonance and the Memory of Nature | Simon & Schuster
- The Presence of the Past: Morphic Resonance and the Memory of Nature by Rupert Sheldrake | Harvard Press
- A Conscious Universe? – Dr Rupert Sheldrake | Video (1:23:43) - YouTube
- Dr. Rupert Sheldrake Explains the Nature of Reality | Video (9 minutes) - YouTube
- What is the fundamental nature of reality? | Paul Davies, Rupert Sheldrake, Katie Robertson | Video (12 minutes) - YouTube
- Can Emergence Explain Reality - Rupert Sheldrake | Video (13:37) - YouTube
- Is Consciousness Fundamental? - Rupert Sheldrake | Video (12:11) - YouTube
- Is the Sun Conscious? Rupert Sheldrake | PDF File (21 pages) | sheldrake.org
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Excerpt: "The recent panpsychist turn in philosophy opens the possibility that self-organizing systems at all levels of complexity, including stars and galaxies, might have experience, awareness, or consciousness."
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- Morphic Resonance and Morphic Fields - An Introduction
- Morphic Resonance, Rituals and the Memory of Nature | Video (47 minutes) - advaya
- Introduction to Morphogenesis | vedantu
- Shaping the Organ: A Biologist Guide to Quantitative Models of Plant Morphogenesis
By Marco Marconi and Krzysztof Wabnik | Frontiers in Plant Science
- Morphogenesis in plants | unacademy
- Morphogenesis and Cell Adhesion | Develpmental Biology, 6th edition | NCBI - NLM
- Sheldrake's Theory of Morphogenesis | Integral Life
"Perhaps the most persistent problem in developmental biology concerns morphogenesis, or the coming into being of form, because the actual form of an organism--its pattern, its shape, its spatiotemporal order--cannot be predicted or even accounted for in terms of its constituent material parts."
- Morphogenesis | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia
Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction.
- Morphogenesis | Science Direct
- Morphogenesis | Scholarpedia
- Morphogenesis | Wikipedia
- The Presence of the Past - Morphic Resonance and the Habits of Nature | Rupert Sheldrake
- A New science of Life by Rupert Sheldrake | Book Reviews - Amazon
- A Biologist and a Buddhist Monk on the Natrue of Reality: Geshe Namdak and DR. Rupert Sheldrake
- Rupert Sheldrake | Wikipedia
- Pictures of Rupert Sheldrake | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Rosalind Franklin - The Rosalind Franklin Papers | Biographical Overview | National Library of Medicine - Profiles in Science
Discovery of DNA structure and function: Watson and Crick. Nature Education | Article by Pray, L.
Francis Crick (1916-2004) | Wikipedia
The Francis Crick Papers | NLM - Profiles in Science
The Central Dogma
Sir Alexander Fleming - Biographical | Nobel Prize
Kant’s Views on Space and Time | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
5. Space, time and transcendental idealism | Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804) | Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Ecstadelic Media
Consciousness as an Emergent Phenomenon: A Tale of Different Levels of Description | NCBI - NIH
Authors: Ramón Guevara, Diego M. Mateos, and José Luis Pérez Velázquez
"Here, we propose a generalized connectionist framework in which the emergence of 'conscious networks' is not
exclusive of large brain areas, but can be identified in subcellular networks exhibiting nontrivial quantum phenomena."
The Idea of Emergence | Science and Philosophy
Quantum Coherence in Microtubules: A Neural Basis for Emergent Consciousness | PDF File (28 pages) by Stuart Hameroff
Consciousness and Space by Colin McGinn - Rutgers University
A New Theory of Consciousness by Colin McGinn
Consciousness is fundamental by Federico Faggin
Max Planck Quotes | Wikiquote
Max Planck and the Quantum Theory | SciHi
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"I regard consciousness as fundamental. I regard matter as derivative from consciousness. We cannot get behind consciousness. Everything that we talk about, everything that we regard as existing, postulates consciousness."
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What did Max Planck mean by saying, | Quora Forum
"I regard consciousness as fundamental. I regard matter as derivative from consciousness. We cannot get behind consciousness."
Consciousness as a state of matter by Max Tegmark | Science Direct
Is it time to give up on consciousness as ‘the ghost in the machine’? | The Conversation
What physicists get wrong about consciousness - Panpsychism as an interpretation of physics | by Philip Goff - iai tv
Philip Goff is Professor of Philosophy, Durham University.
Quantum Approaches to Consciousness | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
First published Tue Nov 30, 2004; substantive revision Thu Apr 16, 2020
Is Matter Conscious? by Hedda Hassel Morch | Nautilus
Physics Must Evolve Beyond the Physical by Deepak Chopra | Springer Link
Quantum mechanics and the consciousness connection by Susan Borowski | AAAS
Is Consciousness Fundamental? | Video (26:46) - Closer to Truth
Some Scientists Believe the Universe Is Conscious by Caroline Delbert | Popular Mechanics
Why Some Scientists Believe the Universe is Conscious | Mind Matters
Minding the Brain: Models of the Mind, Information, and Empirical Science | Discovery.org
Authors: Angus J. Menuge, Brian R. Krouse, and Robert J. Marks
What Is the Self? | The Immeasurable J. Krishnamurti
A series of videos by different people: Jiddu Krishnamurti, Douglas Hofstadter,
Julian Baggini, Susan Blackmore, and Sam Harris.
Vitalism and cognition in a conscious universe by Marco Masi | NCBI - NLM
The Hard Problem of Consciousness | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
A Relativistic Theory of Consciousness | Authors: Nir Lahav and Zachariah A. Neemeh | Frontiers in Psychology
Implications of a Fundamental Consciousness | by Copthorne Macdonald - Published: 23 February 2017,br>
PDF Download available | Springer Link
Johannes Gutenberg (c.1400 - 1468) | Research Guides | Library of Congress
The Gutenberg Bible at the Library of Congress: A Resource Guide
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) | Britannica
- Nicolaus Copernicus | Famous Scientists
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Excerpt: "By publishing his evidence that Earth orbits the sun, Nicolaus Copernicus relegated our planet’s status from center of the universe to just another planet. In doing so, he began the scientific revolution.
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- Nicolaus Copernicus | History.com
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Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer and mathematician known as the father of modern astronomy. He was the first European scientist to propose that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun, the heliocentric theory of the solar system.
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- Copernicus: A New Vision of the Universe | PDF File (52 pages) | The UNESCO Courier
- Nicolaus Copernicus of Torun | Six Books on the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres | PDF File (379 pages) - Reed College
The Edward Rosen translation of De Revolutionibus Orbium Cœlestium, Libri VI
- On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres (Great Minds Series) Paperback – by Nicolaus Copernicus (Author) | Amazon
- De revolutionibus orbium coelestium | Wikipedia
- Nicholas Copernicus | De Revolutionibus (On the Revolutions), 1543 C.E | Full Text - PDF File (41 pages) | University of Texas
- De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, Libri VI
by Copernicus, Nicolaus
(Six books on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres; facsimile of 1543 edition on CD-ROM) | BIBLIO
- Copernicus's revolutionary ideas reorganized the heavens | National Geographic
Excerpt: "Copernicus also got some things wrong. He held on to the idea that orbits were perfectly circular,
which was later disproved by Johannes Kepler, who demonstrated that orbits are elliptical."
- Books on Nicolaus Copernicus | Amazon
- Uncentering the Earth: Copernicus and The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres by William T. Vollmann (Author) | Amazon
- Uncentering the Earth: Copernicus and The Revolutions of the Heavenly Sphere by William T. Vollmann | Barnes & Noble
- The Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs by Nicolaus Copernicus | Squashed Editions
The original, squashed down to read in about 30 minutes
- Nicolaus Copernicus – Heretic or Devotee? | MU Library Treasures
- Nicolaus | Crystal Links
- Copernican Revolution | Britannica
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"Copernican Revolution, shift in the field of astronomy from a geocentric understanding of the universe, centred around Earth, to a heliocentric understanding, centred around the Sun, as articulated by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century."
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- Whose Revolution? Copernicus, Brahe & Kepler | Library of Congress
- The Copernican Revolution | Ohio State University
- The Copernican Revolution of the human mind | Essentia Foundation
- Copernicus’ revolution and Galileo’s vision: our changing view of the universe in pictures | The Conversation
- The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought | Amazon
By Thomas S. Kuhn (Author), James Bryant Conant (Foreword)
- The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought by Thomas S. Kuhn | Google Books
- The Copernican Revolution - Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought
By Thomas S. Kuhn | Harvard University Press
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Excerpt of review: "Thomas S. Kuhn displays the full scope of the Copernican Revolution as simultaneously an episode in the internal development of astronomy, a critical turning point in the evolution of scientific thought, and a crisis in Western man’s concept of his relation to the universe and to God."
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- Welcome To The Third Copernican Revolution by Marcelo Gleiser | NPR
- From Copernicus to Newton | technology UK
- The Scientific Revolution: Copernicus to Newton
- Images of Copernicus | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
The Transitional Period - The Paradigm Shift
- Tycho, Kepler, and Galileo | Britannica
- Scientific Revolution | Britannica
- Science Against Copernicus in the Age of Galileo by Christopher Graney | University of Notre Dame
- Galileo's great bluff and part of the reason why Kuhn is wrong | The Renaissance Mathematicus
- We will laugh at the extraordinary stupidity: Galileo to Kepler | Science Backyard
- The truth about Galileo and his conflict with the Catholic Church | UCLA Newsroom
- The Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution | PDF File (13 pages)
- The Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution: The Age of Growth | The Birth of Physics | UMASS
The Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution constituted what was, perhaps, the most significant period
of discovery and growth of the sciences in the whole of history. This period preceded the Enlightenment.
- Faith and Science in Astronomy Textbooks| Vatican Observatory
- Whose Revolution? Copernicus, Brahe & Kepler | Library of Congress
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Aristarchus of Samos had proposed a heliocentric system and the Pythagoreans before him had argued that the sun was the "central fire". Although not part of the mainstream these were all ideas that Copernicus built upon.
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- Competing Cosmological Models | Library of Congress
- The Scientific Revolution Timeline
- "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems" | Wikipedia
- Dialogue on the Two Greatest World Systems | Oxford University Press
- Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican Paperback | Amazon
- Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican, Second Revised edition | University of Cal. Press
By Galileo Galilei (Author), Stillman Drake (Translator), Albert Einstein (Foreword)
- Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems—Ptolemaic &
Copernican
PDF File (262 pages) - Translated by Stillman Drake, foreword by Albert Einstein
- Google Search Results for above book
Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) | MacTutor
The Galileo Project
- Science
- Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) | Biography | MacTutor
- Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Galileo - Telescope, Quotes, & Discoveries (1564-1642) | Biography
- Galileo - Italian philosopher, astronomer and mathematician | Britannica
- Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) | Wikipedia
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Biography of Galileo Galilei for Kids: | Video - YouTube
Famous Astronomers and Scientists for Children - FreeSchool
- Galileo and Einstein | Michael Fowler - University of Virginia Physics
- "How they make me suffer..." - A short biography of Galileo Galilei by Sara Bonech | PDF File (134 pages)
- Life of Galileo (Penguin Classics) Paperback | Amazon
By Bertolt Brecht (Author), John Willett (Editor, Translator), Ralph Manheim (Translator), Norman Roessler (Introduction)
- The Life of Galileo by Bertolt Brecht | PDF File (98 pages)
- The Life of Galileo by Bertolt Brecht | Plot Summar - LitCharts
- The Life Of Galileo by Bertolt Brecht, John Willett (Editor), Ralph Manheim (Editor) | Barnes & Noble
- Galileo Galilei by Brecht | Video (2:01:03) - YouTube
- Galileo Galilei | Famous Scientists
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Excerpt: "Galileo believed that mathematics is the language of the world around us: whether it is the behavior of planets and pendulums or the fundamentals of music and mechanics, all could be understood using mathematics."
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- The Little Balance by Galileo Galilei | Google Books
- Galileo’s "La bilancetta":The First Draft and Later Additions by Annibale MottanaRoma Tre University (Italy)
- "The Golden Crown" - Galileo's Balance | NYU
"Below is the complete text of Galileo’s treatise in the original Italian together with a modern English translation."
- What Did Galileo Invent? | Universe Today
- Galileo Achievements | Britannica
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Excerpt: "In 1623 he published a brilliant discussion on the nature of physical reality and a description of the new scientific method. Galileo argued that the “grand book, the universe” was written in the language of mathematics and geometry. This changed natural philosophy from a verbal account to a mathematical one in which experimentation became a recognized method for discovering the facts of nature."
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- Galileo Galilei | History.com
"Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) is considered the father of modern science and made major contributions
to the fields of physics, astronomy, cosmology, mathematics and philosophy."
- Laws of Motion: Galileo and Newton | PDF File (16 pages) | New Mexico State University
- Galileo and Einstein: Lecture Index | Michael Fowler, University of Virginia
- Galileo: the Telescope & the Laws of Dynamics | University of Rochester
- Galileo & Newton | Australia Telescope National Facility
- Galileo and astronomy | Royal Museums Greenwich
The discoveries and inventions of the Italian astronomer
- 10 Galileo Galilei Accomplishments and Achievements | Have Fun With History
- The Essential Galileo (Hackett Classics) 1 Edition
by Galileo Galilei (Author), Maurice A. Finocchiaro (Translator) | Amazon
- The truth about Galileo and his conflict with the Catholic Church | UCLA Newsroom
- Galileo Galilei | Knowino
- Historical Mock Trial - The Case of Galileo Galilei | PDF File (13 pages)
- The Trial of Galileo: Key Figures
- Tommaso Caccini (1574-1648) | The Galileo Project
- Tommaso Caccini | Galileo Itineraries
Excerpt: "On the fourth Sunday of Advent of 1614, Tommaso Caccini denounced
mathematics publicly as a devil's craft and a font of heresy,..."
- Cosmology | NASA Starchild
- Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model" | Teach Astronomy
- An Earth-Centered View of the Universe | Khan Academy
- Ptolemic System - Introduction to Ptolemaic System | Vedantu
- Ptolemaic system | Britannica
- Ancient Greek Astronomy and Cosmology | Library of Congress
- Title Unknown - all it has is "Introduction" | PDF File (24 pages) | Princeton University Press
- Towards Renaissance Cosmology | CalTech
- The Universe of Aristotle and Ptolemy and the Role of Eratosthenes | University of Rochester
- The Fall of the Geocentric Theory, and the Rise of Heliocentrism | New Mexico State University
- "On the Heavens" | Wikipedia
Excerpt: "Aristotle proposed a geocentric model of the universe in De Caelo.
The Earth is the center of motion of the universe, with circular
motion being perfect because Earth was at the center of it."
- Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany | Stanford University
- Historical Context for Letter to Madame Christina of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany | Columia University
Concerning the Use of Bibilical Quotations in Matters of Science (1615) - Galileo Galilei
- Where Have All the Heavens Gone?: Galileo's Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina | Amazon
Paperback – by John P. McCarthy (Editor), Edmondo F. Lupieri (Series Editor)
- Books by Galileo | thriftbooks
- Galileo Galilei Books | BIBLIO
Galileo Galilei is the author of books such as Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences.
- Books by Galileo - showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Books About and By Galileo Galilei | thoughtco
- What Is the Name of the Book That Put Galileo Galilei in Prison? | Video - YouTube
- "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems" | Wikipedia
- Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican Paperback | Amazon
- Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican | University of Cal. Press
By Galileo Galilei (Author), Stillman Drake (Translator), Albert Einstein (Foreword)
- Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems—Ptolemaic &
Copernican
PDF File (262 pages) - Translated by Stillman Drake, foreword by Albert Einstein
- The Assayer - Galileo | PDF File (28 pages) | Stanford University
- Il Saggiatore
by Galileo Galilei | Barnes & Noble
- Il Saggiatore
by Galileo Galilei | thriftbooks
- Works of Galileo Galilei, Part 3, Volume 15, Astronomy: The Assayer. | Library of Congress
- Mathematics and the Nature of Physical Reality
- Galileo and the Science of Nature – Lecture 1
- Galileo and Perspective: The Art of Renaissance Science | APS: American Physical Society
- The Mental Universe | Nature
- The Ontological and Epistemological Underpinnings of Galileo’s Mathematical Realism
University of Minnesota Press’s Library of Open-Access Titles
- What Was the Role of Galileo in the Century-Long Birth of Modern Science? | by Antonino Drago | Open Edition Journal
- Galileo's Science | Wikibooks
- Galileo vs. God: The Father of Modern Science on Religion, Truth, and Human Nature | The Marginalian
- Galileo's Mathematical Natural Philosophy | A Thesis presented by Paola Palmieri | PDF File (297 pages)
- Galileo: 350 years later | by Mariano Artigas | University of Navarra
- What Was the Role of Galileo in the Century-Long Birth of Modern Science? by Antonino Drago
- Happy birthday, Galileo! Born February 15, 1564 | EarthSky
Posted by Daniela Breitman February 15, 2023
- Images of Galileo | Google Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Johannes Kepler
- Johannes Kepler Biography (1571-1630) | MacTutor History of Mathematics
- Johannes Kepler | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Johannes Kepler | New World Encyclopedia
- Scientist of the Day: Johannes Kepler
- Johannes Kepler | Wikipedia
- The History of Johannes Kepler | NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- Orbits and Kepler’s Laws | NASA
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After much struggling, Kepler was forced to an eventual realization that the orbits of the planets are not circles, but were instead the elongated or flattened circles that geometers call ellipses, and the particular difficulties Brahe hand with the movement of Mars were due to the fact that its orbit was the most elliptical of the planets for which Brahe had extensive data. Thus, in a twist of irony, Brahe unwittingly gave Kepler the very part of his data that would enable Kepler to formulate the correct theory of the solar system, banishing Brahe's own theory.
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- The great Martian catastrophe and how Kepler fixed it | Physics Today
- Johannes Kepler: The Laws of Planetary Motion | University of Rochester
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In a Nutshell: He set Kepler the task of understanding the orbit of the planet Mars, which was particularly troublesome. It is believed that part of the motivation for giving the Mars problem to Kepler was that it was difficult, and Brahe hoped it would occupy Kepler while Brahe worked on his theory of the Solar System. In a supreme irony, it was precisely the Martian data that allowed Kepler to formulate the correct laws of planetary motion, thus eventually achieving a place in the development of astronomy far surpassing that of Brahe.
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- Johannes Kepler’s obsession with Mars | by Andrew Masterson - Cosmos Magazine
- Historical Astronomy: Scientific Revolution: Kepler | by David McClung - Historical Astronomy
- Kepler’s Magnificent Mysterium Cosmographicum | thatsmaths
- Kepler's Mysterium Cosmographicum | Wolfram
- Mathematical Treasure: Kepler’s Mysterium Cosmographicum by FrankJ. Swetz | MMA: Mathmatical Association of America
- Today in science: Johannes Kepler | EarthSky
- Scientist of the Day: Johannes Kepler | Linda Hall Library
- Harmonies of the World by Johannes Kepler | Sacred-Texts
- Harmonies of the World by Johannes Kepler | PDF File (120 pages) | Johannes Kepler info
- Harmonies of the World by Johannes Kepler, Charles Glenn Wallis (Translator) | goodreads
- The Harmony of the World | Google Books
- Understanding What Kepler Did--Part I | American Mathematical Society
- Kepler and Tycho Brahe: the odd couple | Physics World
- The Nobleman and His Housedog: by Kitty Ferguson (Author) | Amazon
Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler: The Strange Partnership that revolutionised Science. Hardcover – January 1, 2002
- The Nobleman and His Housedog: by Ferguson, Kitty | BIBLIO
Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler - The Strange Partnership That Revolutionised Science
- Tycho & Kepler: The Unlikely Partnership That Forever Changed Our Understanding of the Heavens
By Kitty Ferguson | Alibris
- A misleading book title that creates the wrong impression
- Johannes Kepler: Unlocking the Secrets of Planetary Motion | Johannes Kepler Biography (brief synopsis) | Includes Video | Space.com
- Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) | The Galileo Project
- Johannes Kepler | Galileo and Einstein
- Universe is created, according to Kepler | History
Curiously, there's a really cool video entitled: "10 Times the Earth was Nearly Destroyed" (12 minutes). Why, I don't know.
Geometry is unique and eternal,
a reflection from the mind of God.
That mankind shares in it
is because man is an image of God.
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
- Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion | Encyclopedia Britannica
- Kepler's Laws | HyperPhysics
- Kepler's Law of Planetary Motion | SlideShare
- The Science: Orbital Mechanics - Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion | Earth Observatory - NASA
- Kepler's Laws | Skywise Unlimited - WWU
- Johannes Kepler: The Laws of Planetary Motion | University of Rochester
- Johannes Kepler's astronomical legacy by Louisa Wright - December 27, 2021
Astronomer Johannes Kepler was born 450 years ago, on December 27. His discoveries have shaped
our understanding of the planets and the way satellites orbit Earth.
- Kepler's Genius: Letting Nature Have The Last Word by Marcelo Gleiser | NPR
- Johannes Kepler, The Fleeing Mathematician and Astronomer by Ashley Langham | Elephant Learning
- The Science of the Harmony of the World | Schiller Institute
Translations of Works by Johannes Kepler
- The origins of proof by Kona Macphee | Plus Magazine
- Books by Johannes Kepler | thriftbooks
- Johannes Kepler: Life and Letters | Google Books
- Books by Johannes Kepler | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Books by Johannes Kepler | Amazon
- The Dawn of Modern Cosmology Paperback – August 31, 2023
Authors: Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, René Descartes, Isaac Newton
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"Bringing together excerpts from the works and letters of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, Newton and others for the first time, The Dawn of Modern Cosmology is the definitive record of one of the great turning points in human history."
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- Kepler Books
- Classics of Astronomy by Johannes Kepler by James R. Voelkel
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The series of publications by Johannes Kepler from the Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596) through the Astronomia Nova (1609) and Harmonices Mundi (1619) to the Tabulae Rudolphinae (1627) represents the core of his intellectual achievement as an astronomer.
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- Johannes Kepler - Including a Brief History of Astronomy and the Life and Works of Johannes Kepler
with Pictures and a Poem by Alfred Noyes | Bookshop.org
- Thinking God's Thoughts: Johannes Kepler and the Miracle of Cosmic Comprehensibility by Melissa Cain Travis
- Lessons from Kepler and the theory of everything by Lincoln Wolfenstein
- The composition of Kepler's Astronomia nova by JR Voelkel
- Kepler, the Father of Science Fiction
- The Somnium Project
- Deep and Involved Biography of Johannes Kepler | Florida Atlantic University
- Images of Johannes Kepler | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
René Descartes (1596—1650) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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Excerpt: "These beliefs, which are re-established with absolute certainty, include the existence of a world of bodies external to the mind, the dualistic distinction of the immaterial mind from the body, and his mechanistic model of physics based on the clear and distinct ideas of geometry."
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René Descartes (1596-1650) | Biography
Philosopher and mathematician René Descartes is regarded as the father of modern philosophy
for defining a starting point for existence, "I think; therefore I am."
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Benedict de Spinoza - Dutch-Jewish philosopher | Britannica
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"The 17th-century CE Dutch philosopher Baruch de Spinoza modeled his book Ethics on The Elements, using the same format of definitions, postulates, axioms, and proofs. - World History Encyclopedia
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- Baruch Spinoza | Wikipedia
- Books by Baruch Spinoza | goodreads
- Spinoza on Monism by Philip Goff
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Abstract: "Spinoza believed that there was only one substance in reality, which he called "God or nature." A number of leading contemporary philosophers have defended monism, this strange and beautiful idea that the cosmos is the source of all being. This book explores both the historical roots of the monism in Spinoza, and its flowering in the 21st century."
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- Spinoza on Reason, by Michael LeBuffe, Oxford University Press
Reviewed by John Grey, Michigan State University | Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
- Reason and Knowledge in Spinoza by John Grey | PDF File (15 pages)
- Books by Baruch Spinoza | thriftbooks
- Books by Baruch Spinoza | Amazon
- Spinoza: Basic Concepts Hardcover – by Andre Santos Campos (Editor) | Amazon
- Spinoza: Basic Concepts by Andre Santos Campos | eBook - Everand
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Excerpt: "Each essay in this collection explores a key concept involved in Spinoza’s thinking, relating it to his understanding of philosophy, outlining the arguments and explaining the implications of each concept."
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- Spinoza- Basic Concepts Edited by Andre Santos-Campos | Imprint Academic
Together, the chapters cover the full range of Spinoza’s interdisciplinary system of philosophy.
- Spinoza: Basic Concepts by Andre Santos Campos (Editor) | Barnes & Noble
- Spinoza on the Emotions | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Spinoza’s Epistemology and Philosophy of Mind | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- The Principle of Sufficient Reason in Spinoza by Martin Lin | PDF File (23 pages)
The Oxford Handbook of Spinoza - Edited by Michael Della Rocca
- PHILOSOPHY - Baruch Spinoza | Video - YouTube
- Spinoza: A Complete Guide to Life | Video (52:45) - YouTube
- Benedict De Spinoza: Moral Philosophy | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- The Distinction between Reason and Intuitive Knowledge in Spinoza's Ethics by
Sanem Soyarslan | Wiley Online Library
- Browse Baruch Spinoza | PhilArchive
- Bennett on Spinoza's Philosophical Psychotherapy
By Olli Koistinen - University of Turku, Finland
- Nietzsche and Spinoza: Thinking Freedom | PDF File (20 pages)
- Adequacy and the Individuation of Ideas In Spinoza's Ethics by Robert Brandon | PDF File (17 pages)
- Spinoza’s Metaphysics & Its Relevance For Science Today by Zoran Vukadinovic | Philosophy Now
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Excerpt: "Reality is for Spinoza both a system of objects, and a system of ideas or representations. Human beings, for example, are bodies composed of physical parts, but are also representations, which constitute human minds."
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- Spinoza’s Psychological Theory | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Benedict de Spinoza: Metaphysics | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- The Mind & Body Problem in the Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza by Antonio Panovski | The Collector
- Article: Love and Objective Reality in Spinoza’s Account of the Mind’s Power over the Affects by Lilli Alanen
- On Spinoza’s Conception of Time | Nancy Brenner-Golomb, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Perfection, Power and the Passions in Spinoza and Leibniz by Brandon C. Look
PDF File (17 pages) | Department of Philosophy University of Kentucky
- Truth and Justice in Spinoza’s Theological–Political Treatise and the Ethics | by Andre Kistler | MDPI
- Consciousness in Spinoza: What is it like to be God? | PDF File | Willamette University
- Consciousness, ideas of ideas and animation in Spinoza’s Ethics | Oberto Marrama
- Spinoza’s Theory of the Human Mind: Consciousness, Memory, and Reason by Oberto Marrama
Ph.D. Theis | PDF File (218 pages)
- Adequate knowledge and bodily complexity in Spinoza’s account of consciousness
By Andrea Sangiacomo | Philarchive
- Spinoza, *Ethics*: The Nature of Reality and the Relation of Mind and Body
John Russon | Video (54 minutes) - YouTube
- An activity whereby the mind regards itself: Spinoza on consciousness
by Michaela Petrufova Joppova | PDF File (11 pages)
- Representation and Mind-Body Identity in Spinoza’s Philosophy
By Karolina Hubner | Journal of the History of Philosophy
- Chapter 1 - Representation and consciousness in Spinoza's naturalistic theory of the imagination
By Don Garrett | Published online by Cambridge University Press
- Spinoza on the Essence of the Human Body and the Part
of the Mind That Is Eternal by Don Garrett | PDF File (28 pages)
- Passions, consciousness, and the Rosetta Stone: Spinoza and embodied, extended, and affective cognition
By German Bula | Sage Journals - International Society for Adaptive Behavior
- I Feel, Therefore I Am by Emily Eakan | The New York Times
- New Jerusalem: The Interrogation of Baruch de Spinoza by Stephen Spotswood | Huff Post
- Spinoza’s Ethics: Introduction
- "Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain" by Antonio Damasio | Everand
- Baruch Spinoza Quotes
- Baruch Spinoza Quotes | Brainy Quotes
- Baruch Spinoza: 50 Insightful Quotes by the Dutch Philosopher | Nirvanic
- Baruch Spinoza > Quotes | goodreads
"“The highest activity a human being can attain is learning for understanding, because to understand is to be free.”
-- Baruch Spinoza
- Images of Baruch Spinoza | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) | MacTutor
Summary: Pierre de Fermat was a French lawyer and government official most remembered for his work in number theory;
in particular for Fermat's Last Theorem. He is also important in the foundations of the calculus.
- Pierre de Fermat - French mathematician | Britannica
- Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) | Wikipedia
- A (very) Brief History of Pierre de Fermat | Video (16 minutes) - YouTube
- Pierre de Fermat: Biography of a Great Thinker | Video | Socratica
- Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) | Molecular Expressions
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Excerpt: "He made major contributions to geometric optics, modern number theory, probability theory, analytic geometry, and is generally considered the father of differential calculus."
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- Pierre de Fermat by Dana Pellegrino | Rutgers University
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Excerpt: "Pierre de Fermat was one of the most brilliant and productive mathematicians of his time, making many contributions to the differential and integral calculus, number theory, optics, and analytic geometry, as well as initiating the development of probability theory in correspondence with Pascal.
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- Pierre de Fermat | Catholic Scientists
- Pierre de Fermat | Totally History
- Fermat, Pierre de (1607–1665) by Philip Beeley | Cambridge University Press
- Pierre de Fermat and his Last Problem by Tabea Tietz | SciHi.org
Includes video of Andrew Wiles Abel Prize Lecture (53 minutes), and an extensive list of references and further reading.
- The Mathematical Career of Pierre de Fermat, 1601-1665: Second Edition
By Michael Sean Mahoney | Princeton University Press
- The Mathematical Career of Pierre de Fermat, 1601-1665 2nd Edition by Michael Sean Mahoney (Author) | Amazon
- The Mathematical Career of Pierre de Fermat, 1601-1665 by Michael Sean Mahoney | Google Books
- Books by Pierre de Fermat | All in French | goodreads
- July 1654: Pascal’s Letters to Fermat on the "Problem of Points" | APS News
- Fermat's Principle | Wikipedia
- What was the nature of the feud between Fermat and Descartes? | Quora Forum
- The Enduring And Revolutionary Impact Of Pierre De Fermat's Last Theorem | Encyclopedia.com
- History of Calculus | Wikipedia
- Professor Who Solved Fermat's Last Theorem Wins Math's Abel Prize | March 17, 2016 | NPR
- Fermat's Last Theorem
- Fermat's Enigma: The Epic Quest to Solve the World's Greatest Mathematical Problem - Paperback
by Simon Singh (Author), John Lynch (Foreword) | Amazon
- Fermat's Last Theorem - Paperback – by Simon Singh (Author)
- Fermat's Last Theorem | PDF File (46 pages) | Wikibooks
Fermat's Enigma by Simon Singh | Free PDF download | PDF Drive
- Fermat's Enigma: The Quest to Solve the World's Greatest Mathematical Problem | The New York Times
- Book Review: Fermat's Enigma - Reviewed by Allyn Jackson | AMS
- Books by Simon Singh | Overdrive
- Images of Pierred de Fermat | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) - French philosopher and scientist | Britannica
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Blaise Pascal laid the foundation for the modern theory of probabilities, formulated what came to be known as Pascal’s principle of pressure, and propagated a religious doctrine that taught the experience of God through the heart rather than through reason.
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Why is there something rather than nothing? - Gottfried Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - German philosopher and mathematician | Britannica
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | Wikipedia
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | Stanford University
- Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716) | MacTutor
- The Life of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | Video (35:32) - YouTube
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) | Nixdorf Foundations
- Leibniz and the Invention of the Integral Calculus | SciHi.org
- Newton And Leibniz: The Fathers Of Calculus | Oxford Scholastica
- Leibniz
An Intellectual Biography by Maria Rosa Antognazza | Cambridge University Press
- Leibniz: An Intellectual Biography Reprint Edition
by Maria Rosa Antognazza (Author) | Amazon
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | Linda Hall Library
"Today, we are going to look at Leibniz’s study of geology and fossils, which was just as
insightful as his work in philosophy and mathematics, but far less appreciated."
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646 - 1716) | School of Mathematics - Trinity College Dublin
From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball.
- Gottfried Leibniz | New World Encyclopedia
- Leibniz’s Philosophy of Mind | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Leibniz’s principle of indistinguishability | Nature
- Transcript of Leibniz Documentary | Blog of Adam Alonzi
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Leibniz wrote: “What Hippocrates said about the human body is true of the whole universe: namely that all things conspire and are sympathetic, i.e that nothing happens in one creature of which some exactly corresponding effect does not reach all others. Nor, again, are there any absolutely extrinsic denominations in things.”
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- Books by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | thriftbooks
- Leibniz Books | goodreads
- Leibniz: Philosophical Essays / Edition 1
by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Roger Ariew, Daniel Garber | Barnes & Noble
- G. W. Leibniz, life and works by Roger Ariew | Cambridge University Press
- The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz - First Edition by Nicholas Jolley (Editor) | Amazon
"At the center of Leibniz's philosophy stands his metaphysics, an ambitious
attempt to discover the nature of reality through the use of unaided reason.
- The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz / Edition 1 by Nicholas Jolley | Barnes & Noble
- The Nature of Reality and the Reality of Nature: by Jurgen Lawrenz (Author) | Amazon
A Study of Leibniz's Double-aspect Ontology and the Labyrinth of the Continuum
- Leibniz: The Nature of Reality and The Reality of Nature | PDF File (30 pages) | Cambridge Scholars
A Study of Leibniz’s Double-Aspect Ontology and the Labyrinth of the Continuum, by Jürgen Lawrenz
- Gottfried Leibniz: Philosophy of Mind | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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Excerpt: "Leibniz is a panpsychist: he believes that everything, including plants and inanimate objects, has a mind or something analogous to a mind. More specifically, he holds that in all things there are simple, immaterial, mind-like substances that perceive the world around them." And "Leibniz concludes that there must be something in nature that is not material and not divisible, and from which all things derive their reality. These immaterial, indivisible things just are monads."
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- Gottfried Leibniz: Metaphysics | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Leibniz on Primitive Concepts and Conceiving Reality by Peter Myrdal & Arto Repo | PDF File (19 pages) | PhilArchive
- Unconscious Conceiving and Leibniz’s Argument for Primitive Concepts | PDF File (20 pages)
By Paul Lodge (OXFORD) / Stephen Puryear (RALEIGH)
- Perception and Representaions in Leibniz by Stephen Montague Puryear | PDF File (283 pages
Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Department of Philosophy in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
- Gottfried Leibniz: the last universal genius | OUP: Oxford University Press
- Editions of Leibniz’s Works | UCSD
- Letters from and to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | UNESCO
Within the collection of manuscript papers of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
- A Commentary On Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's Discourse on
Metaphysics #19 by Richard Lamborn
PDF File (93 pages) | University of South Florida
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | On Truth and Reality
- The Perspectival Nature of Leibnizian Relations by Florian Vermeiren | Journal of Modern Philosophy
- Unity and Reality in Leibniz's Correspondence with Des Bosses by Brandon Look - University of Kentucky
- Blog: Exclusive 3:16 Interview with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
- Space and Time as Relations: The Theoretical Approach of Leibniz by Basil Evangelidis | MDPI
- Leibniz & the Big Bang by Eric Kincanon | Philosophy Now
- The Optimistic Science of Leibniz by Marc E. Bobro | The New Atlantis
On his encyclopedic project of physics and faith
- Leibniz and the Rational Order of Nature by Donald Rutherfors | Google Books
- Leibnizianism, or the philosophy of Leibniz by Denis Diderot | Michigan Publishing
- Spinoza and Leibniz | Video (47 minutes) | Films Media Group
- Notable Quotes of Leibniz
- Gottfried Leibniz Quotes | Brainy Quotes
- Gottfried Leibniz Quotes | A-Z Quotes
- Pictures/images of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Newton and Leibniz
Isaac Newton's Discoveries and Theories
- Biography (1642-1727)
- Biography Isaac Newton (1643-1727) | MacTutor
- Isaac Newton - Quotes, Facts, & Laws | Biography
- Newton, Isaac | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- Isaac Newton | Biographies for Kids
- Sir Isaac Newton Online
Includes a brief but interesting video with Neil DeGrasse
- Papers of Sir Isaac Newton | Cambridge University Library
- Newton Papers | Cambridge Digital Library
- The Newton Project
The Newton Project is a non-profit organization dedicated to publishing in full an online edition
of all of Sir Isaac Newton’s (1642–1727) writings — whether they were printed or not.
- The Papers of Sir Isaac Newton | UNESCO
- Isaac Newton | Stanford University of Philosophy
- Isaac Newton | Starchild
- Isaac Newton | Wikipedia
Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with German mathematician
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing infinitesimal calculus.
- Isaac Newton | Britannica
- Sir Isaac Newton | Westminster Abbey
- Isaac Newton | Famous Scientists
- The Science of Color | Smithsonian Libraries
- Isaac Newton's Apple Tree | University of York
- Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Principia | Library of Congress | PDF Download available (505 pages)
- Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton | Project Gutenberg
- read now or download | PDF (3.8 mbs)
- The Principia : Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy | Amazon
- Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin Edition) | Amazon
- Newton's Principia | The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy | PDF File (594 pages)
To which is added: Newton's System of the World
- Books by Isaac Newton | thriftbooks
- Books by Isaac Newton | Biblio
- Books by Isaac Newton | goodreads
- Books: Isaac Newton | Amazon
- Newton's Philosophy of Nature: Selections from His Writings | Dover Books
- Newton's Philosophy of Nature: Selections from His Writings | Google Books
- Newton's Philosophy | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Isaac Newton’s life was one long search for God | by Marcelo Gleiser | Big Think
Excerpt: "Gravity must be caused by an agent acting constantly according to certain laws, but whether
this agent be material or immaterial is a question I have left to the consideration of my readers."
- Sir Isaac Newton: The Greatest Scientific Mind of All Time | by Dr. Joshua M. Moritz - March 19, 2023
- New approach to centuries-old 'three-body problem' | The Hebrew University of Jerusalem | Science Daily
Excerpt: ...the mathematician Poincare discovered that the problem exhibits extreme sensitivity to the
bodies' initial positions and velocities. This sensitivity, which later became known as chaos, has far-reaching
implications -- it indicates that there is no deterministic solution in closed-form to the three-body problem.
- Unstable Systems: The Three-Body Problem and the Butterfly Effect | by Steven Gimble, Ph.D., Gettysburg College | Wondrium
- Mathematicians crack Newton’s three-body problem | ZME Science
- De Gravitatione Reconsidered: The Changing Significance of Experimental
Evidence for Newton’s Metaphysics of Space
Zvi Biener - University of Cincinnati | PDF File (34 pages)
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Excerpt: Since 1962, DG (De Gravitatione, etc.) has come to tower in importance over the remainder of Newton’s philosophical writings, even as more of these have come to light. Its richness of argumentation, attentive engagement with metaphysics and theology, and explicitly philosophical goals make it a favorite of historians of philosophy.
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- Newton on God's Relation to Space and Time | Academia
See or Download PDFs - includes list of other relevant essays.
- The Impact Of Newton's Principia On The Philosophy Of Science
By Ernan McMullin, Department of Philosophy, University of Notre Dame
- Isaac Newton by Albert Einstein | NOVA - PBS
Excerpt: "The German mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler, in his famous laws of planetary motion, showed
how the planets are held in their orbits, but he could not explain why. That task was left to the young Isaac Newton."
- René Descartes: Scientific Method | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Written in the flesh: Isaac Newton on the mind–body relation | by Liam Dempsey | Science Direct
- The Age of Enlightenment - Descartes and Mind-Body Dualism
- Newton’s Views on Space, Time, and Motion | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) | MacTutor
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The fundamental idea of Kant’s "critical philosophy” - especially in his three Critiques: the Critique of Pure Reason (1781, 1787), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and the Critique of the Power of Judgment (1790) – is human autonomy.
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- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) - German philosopher | Britannica
- Kant’s Views on Space and Time | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- 5. Space, time and transcendental idealism | Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804) | Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Immanuel Kant | Biography
- An Introduction to the Work of Kant | Great Thinkers
- Immanuel Kant | Wikipedia
- Immanuel Kant | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Summary of Kant’s Theory of Human Nature | Reason and Meaning
- Kant's Universe by Moses Sghayyer | Emory University
- Kant on the Laws of Nature: Laws, Necessitation, and the Limitation of Our Knowledge by James Kreines
- Reality and Impenetrability in Kant's Philosophy of Nature By Daniel Warren | Routledge
- Kant & Rand on Rationality & Reality | Philosophy Now
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"The mere, but empirically determined consciousness of my own existence proves the existence of objects in space outside myself,” Kant argues, concluding, contra Descartes, that the self cannot exist independently of the world it perceives."
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- The Noumenal World and the Phenomenal World
- Kant’s Transcendental Idealism | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Critique of Pure Reason - Lecture Notes: Phenomena and Noumena | G. J. Mattey | UC Davis
- Kant and the Noumenal Agent by Heather M. Kendrick of Earlham College | PDF File
- Kant's Phenomena and Noumena Explained | Video - YouTube
- Does Kant's realm of the Noumena consist of a world beyond human reason? | Quora Forum
- Essay: Is Kant correct? Can we have no knowledge of God? By Bartlomiej Staniszewski, Oxford University
- God and Nothingness – The Form of the Formless | Buddhism
- Martin Buber (1878–1965) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- The Reformation of Philosophy | Religion in Philosophy and Theology - Mohr Siebeck
Editor: Ingolf U. Dalferth (Claremont) | PDF File (288 pages)
- Engaging Eckhartian Mysticism In A Secular Context: A Hermeneutical Study In Post-Kantian Thought | Ph.D. Thesis
Christopher David Shaw - University of Oxford | PDF File (368 pages)
I associate Kant's "noumena" with Eckhart's "godhead." And not simply as an empirical something that remains unknowable.
From godhead emerges god, phenomena, as expression of self, by which and through which god knows himself.
- Kant's Theory of Mental Activity: A Commentary on the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason
Hardcover – by Robert Paul Wolff (Author) | Amazon
- Kant's Theory of Mental Activity: A Commentary on the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason
Hardcover – by Robert Paul Wolff (Author) | AbeBooks
- Kant's Theory of Mental Activity: A Commentary on the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason
By Robert Paul Wolff | eBook - Barnes & Noble
- The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Critique of Pure Reason, by Immanuel Kant
- Critique of Pure Reason PDF File (598 pages) |OSU
The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant
- Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant | Amazon
Marcus Weigelt (Editor, Translator, Introduction), Max Muller (Translator)
- Critique of Pure Reason | Wikipedia
- Three Critiques: Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason, Critique of Judgement
By Immanuel Kant (Author), Translators: J.M.D. Meiklejohn, Thomas K. Abbott, J.H. Bernard | Amazon
- Kant’s Account of Reason | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Critique of Pure Reason | Britannica
- Practical Philosophy (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant) by Immanuel Kant (Author)
Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Allen W. Wood (Introduction) | Amazon
This is the first English translation of all of Kant's writings on moral and political philosophy collected in a single volume.
- Critique of Pure Reason (Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant)
Immanuel Kant
Paul Guyer (Editor), Allen W. Wood (Editor) | The MIT Press
- The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant by Immanuel Kant (Author) | PDF File (705 pages)
- Practical Philosophy (Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant) (Paperback) | Book Culture
By Immanuel Kant, Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Allen W. Wood (Introduction by) - ebook: The Greatest Works of Immanuel Kant: By Immanuel Kant | Barnes & Noble
J. M. D. Meiklejohn (Translator), T. K. Abbot (Translator), J. H. Bernard (Translator)
Complete Critiques, Philosophical Works & Essays (Including Inaugural Dissertation & Biography)
- The Unity of Consciousness | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Consciousness as Inner Sensation: Crusius and Kant by Jonas Jervell Indregard | sun yat-sen university
- Kant’s View of the Mind and Consciousness of Self | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Kant (1724-1804): Philosophy of Mind | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Kant and the Creation of Reality | Philosophy is not a Luxury
- Immanuel Kant’s Metaphysics: What are the Limits of Our World? | The Collector
Immanuel Kant revolutionized philosophy by thinking about the world
in relation to our capacity to understand and perceive it.
- Books by Immanuel Kant | Amazon
- Books by Immanuel Kant | thriftbooks
- Books by Immanuel Kant | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Index of the Project Gutenberg Works of Immanuel Kant | Compiled by David Widger
- Books about Kant | Biblio Vault: A Scholarly Book Repository
- Books by Immanuel Kant | Simon & Schuster
- The best books by Immanuel Kant | Audio Books | Speechify
- Prolegomena to Any Future Megaphysics (First Edition) by Immanuel Kant (Author)
Lewis White Beck (Editor), Paul Carus (Translator) | Amazon
- Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics (Second Edition) by Immanuel Kant
Translated by James W. Ellington | Hackett Publishing
- Prolegomena To Any Future Metaphysics by Immanuel Kant - Translator: Paul Carus | Project Gutenberg
- Prolegomena To Any Future Metaphysics by Immanuel Kant with selections from the Critique of Pure Reason
Edited by Gary Hatfield | PDF File (268 pages) - University of Washington
- Prolegomena to any future metaphysics that will be able to come forward as science (1783)
"The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics is the preeminent synopsis in the history of philosophy."
Published online by Cambridge University Press
- Kant and the Philosophy of Mind: Perception, Reason, and the Self
Edited by Anil Gomes and Andrew Stephenson | Oxford University Press
- Kant and the Philosophy of Mind: Perception, Reason, and the Self - 1st Edition
Edited by Anil Gomes and Andrew Stephenson | Amazon
- Kant: Philosophy of Mind | PhilPapers
"The nature of the human mind is a central concern in all of Kant's major works."
- Kant on Mind, Action, and Ethics by Julian Wuerth | Oxford University Press
Review: Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
- Kant | Philosophy Talk
- Immanuel Kant: Aesthetics | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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"Perceiving things in space and time is a function of the mind of the perceiver. The hypothesis that both key concepts, and the basic structure of space and time, are a priori in the mind, is a basic theme of Kant’s idealism."
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- Essay: The Role of Love in the Thought of Kant and Kierkegaard by Daryl J. Wennemann
Fontbonne College
- Immanuel Kant | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- What is a simple explanation of space-time in Kant's philosophy? | Quora Forum
- Immanuel Kant on Time – A Theory from the Heart - essay by Janet Cameron
- Immanuel Kant’s Theory of Objects and Its Inherent Link to Natural Science |
Essay by Rudolf Meer
- Schema (Kant) | Wikipedia
- Kant on Self-Knowledge and Self-Formation
The Nature of Inner Experience
By Katharina T. Kraus | Cambridge University Press
- Article: Kant on Decomposing Synthesis and the Intuition of Infinite Space
By Tobias Rosefeldt (Humboldt University of Berlin)
- Why Time is in Your Mind: Transcendental Idealism and the Reality of Time | Oklahoma State U.
- Kant’s Theory of Judgment | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Immanuel Kant Quotes | Brainy Quote
- Immanuel Kant Quotes | goodreads
“We are not rich by what we possess but by what we can do without.”
- Top 280 Immanuel Kant Quotes (2024 Update) | Quote Fancy
- Images/illustrations of Immanuel Kant | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) | Wikipedia
Thesis, antithesis, synthesis | Handwiki
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) English author | Britannica
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) | Wikipedia
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) - German author | Britannica
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775–1854) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Nietzsche’s Life and Works
- Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche | Delphi Classics
- Friedrich Nietzsche | Updated August 8, 2023 - Biography
German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche is known for his writings on good and evil, the end of religion in modern society and the concept of a "super-man."
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1844—1900) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Nihilism: History, Philosophy, Theories by Zuva Seven | verywellmind
A philosophy that seeks to understand the meaning of life—or lack thereof.
- For Nietzsche, nihilism goes deeper than 'life is pointless' by Kaitlyn Creasy | Psyche Magazine
- Does Truth Depend on Perspective? Gilles Deleuze on Nietzsche | The Collector
Gilles Deleuze focuses on the aspects of Nietzsche’s philosophy that focus on truth,
interpretation, value, and their relationship.
- Nietzsche on the Living, the Dead and the Inanimate by Erik Curiel | PDF File (21 pages) | StrangeBeautiful
- Beyond Good and Evil | thriftbooks
- Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche | Amazon
- Beyond Good and Evil | Wikipedia
- Beyond Good and Evil/On the Genealogy of Morality | Stanford University Press
- Friedrich Nietzsche Bibliography (17 books)
- The Will To Power by Friedrich Nietzsche - an attempted tranvaluation of all values | Vol II Books III & IV
Third Book. the Principles of a New Valuation.
The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Will to Power, Book III and IV, by
Friedrich Nietzsche.
- The Will to Power by Friedrich Nietzsche | PDF File (612 pages) | Internet Archive
A New Translation by Walter Kaufmann and R.J. Hollingdale.
- Nietzsche's Will to Power | PDF File (30 pages) | Cambridge Scholars Publishing
- Friedrich Nietzsche Bibliography | Wikipedia
- The Will to Power
The Will to Power (German: Der Wille zur Macht) is a book of notes drawn from the literary remains (or Nachlass)
of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche by his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche and Peter Gast (Heinrich Köselitz).
- Nietzsche's Concept of the Will to Power | Thoughtco
- The Will to Power by Friedrich Nietzsche | Amazon
Assembled by Nietzsche’s sister after his death, The Will to Power is a collection of the philosopher’s reflections and theories taken from his unpublished notebooks.
- Ubermensch Explained: the Meaning of Nietzsche's 'Superman' | Philosophy Break
- Friedrich Nietzsche’s Superman and Its Religious Implications | PDF File | Journal of Philosophy, Culture, and Religion
- Ubermensch | Wikipedia
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"The idea is that the superman is a new type of human being who has overcome traditional morality and has achieved a higher level of consciousness and self-actualization." Quote stolen from someone named "ChatGPT" on the Quora Forum. Furthermore: "The Superman is not a physical being, but rather a state of being that is characterized by self-overcoming and self-creation."
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- The Project Gutenberg eBook of Thus Spake Zarathustra, by Friedrich Nietzsche
- Thus Spake Zarathustra treatise by Nietzsche | Britannica
- Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None | Amazon
- The Genius Behind Nietzsche’s “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” in 5 Points | The Collector
- Thus Spoke Zarathustra | Translated by Thomas Common
The Modern Library New York | PDF File (408 pages) - Internet Archive
- The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Birth of Tragedy, by Friedrich Nietzsche | Translated by Wm. Haussmann, Ph.D.
- The Birth of Tragedy: Out of the Spirit of Music by Friedrich Nietzsche | Amazon
- Nietzsche and The Birth of Tragedy | Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
- How Art Can Save You | Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy | Video (1 hour) - YouTube
- Top Friedrich Nietzsche Titles | Amazon
- The Complete Works of Nietzsche Kindle Edition | Amazon
- 4 Facts About Friedrich Nietzsche’s Approach to Truth and Knowledge | The Collector
- Friedrich Nietzsche – 10 Key Ideas | Eternalized
- Nietzsche: A Guide to His Most Famous Works and Ideas | The Collector
- Nietzsche on Consciousness and the Embodied Mind by Manuel Dries | Amazon
- Nietzsche on Consciousness and the Embodied Mind
Reviewed by Jonathan Mitchell, University of Manchester | Notre Dame Philosophical Review
- Nietzsche on Consciousness and the Embodied Mind | Edited by Manuel Dries | De Gruyter academic publishing
- 1. Introduction to Nietzsche on Consciousness and the Embodied Mind
From the book Nietzsche on Consciousness and the Embodied Mind by Manuel Dries
- Pictures Of Nietzsche | Google Image Search
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Jean-Victor Poncelet (July 1, 1788 – December 22, 1867) by Heinz Klaus Strick, Germany | PDF File - MacTutor
Poncelet called properties projective that are invariant in a central
projective mapping.
This includes, for example, the cross-ratio of four points lying on a straight line.
Georges Henri-Joseph-Edouard Lemaître (1894-1966) | MacTutor
- Biography of Georges Lemaitre (1894-1966) | Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics
- Monsignor Georges Lemaître, Originator of the Big Bang Theory | Article: Society of Catholic Scientists
- Father George Lemaitre Article: Loyola University
- Georges Lemaître | Article - Wikipedia
He was the first to theorize that the recession of nearby galaxies can be explained by an expanding universe,
which was observationally confirmed soon afterwards by Edwin Hubble.
Includes Bibliography, Citations, Sources
- Editorial note to "The beginning of the world from the point of view of quantum theory" | PDF File (16 pages) - arXiv
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In 1929, Hubble published new experimental data on the spectral redshifts of extra-galactic nebulae, suggesting the linear velocity-distance relation v=Hr with H=600 km/s/Mpc. This law was strictly identical to Lemaitre’s Eq.24, with the same proportionality factor, but Hubble did not make the link with expanding universe models. In fact Hubble never read Lemaitre’s paper; he interpreted the galaxy redshifts as a pure Doppler effect (due to a proper radial velocity of galaxies), instead of as an effect of space expansion.
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- Editorial note to: Georges Lemaître, The beginning of the world from the point of view of quantum theory
Article by Jean-Pierre Luminet | PDF File (18 pages)
- Early Universe | NASA
- How did the first element form after the big bang? | Astronomy.com
- Big Bang Nucleosynthesis | Astro Berkeley
- Georges Lemaître, Father of the Big Bang | American Museum of Natural History
- Big bang theory is introduced 1927 | People and Discoveries - PBS
- Georges Lemaître | Big Bang theory, Cosmology & Physics | Britannica
- Georges-Henri Lemaitre and the Birth of the Universe | Article by Nick Greene | Thought.co
- Georges Lemaitre - The Big Bang | Monsignor Georges Lemaître & Albert Einstein, 1933 | PDF File (4 pages) | Crossroads Academy
- Lemaitre's Big Bang | Article by Jean-Pierre Luminet | PDF download available | Research Gate
- A Brief History of the Big Bang Theory | PDF File (27 pages) | World Scientific
- The Priest Who Invented The Big Bang | Includes brief video | BBVA Open Mind
- The Atom of the Universe: The Life and Work of Georges Lemaître | Article by Robert P. Kirshner | AIP
- Georges Lemaître and the Origins of the Big Bang Theory | Article by Harald Sack | SciHi.org
- Georges Lemaître’s 1936 Lecture on Science and Faith | PDF File (26 pages)
- Georges Lemaître – The Father of the Big Bang | Article by Gareth Leyshon | Frontiers Magazine
- Georges Lemaître comes in with a bang | Cosmos Magazine
- Hubble's law, also known as the Hubble–Lemaître law | Wikipedia
- IAU members vote to recommend renaming the Hubble law as the Hubble-Lemaitre law | Press Release of IAU
- IAU Adds Lemaître’s Name to Hubble Law
By Br. Robert Macke | Vatican Observatory
- Georges Lemaître and the Hubble–Lemaître law | Article by Frank Tipler | Astronomy & Geophysics Journal
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In the English translation, Lemaître himself deleted the paragraphs deriving the linear law, because he felt that Hubble had since obtained better data to support it. Thus it happened that, although he published first, Lemaître got no credit for his remarkable discovery.
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- The Big Bang 3: Lemaître’s universe, Hubble’s law | Orkney Science Festival
- Georges Lemaitre – Father of the “Big Bang” | Article by Fr. James Kurzynski | Vatican Observatory
- Books by Georges Edouard Lemaître | goodreads
- The Atom of the Universe: The Life and Work of Georges Lemaitre Paperback – | Amazon
By Dominique Lambert (Author), Karl Van Bibber (Editor), Luc Ampleman (Translator), P.J.E. Peebles (Preface)
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This book takes us from the early childhood to the last days of George Lemaîitre, the man behind the theory of the primeval atom, now better known as Big Bang theory.
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- The Primeval Atom: An Essay on Cosmogony Hardcover – by C.G. Lemaitre (Author) | Amazon
- "From Nothing" by
Daniel Tobin | Four Way Books
- Learning the Physics of Einstein with Georges Lemaître: Before the Big Bang Theory (Paperback) | Copper Field Books
By Christine Leroy (Translator), Georges Lemaître, Stephen N. Lyle (Translator)
- Who was Georges Lemaitre? | Article from The Catholic University of Louvain | Koble Foundation
- Georges Lemaitre | Linda Hall Library
- Georges Lemaître | UC Louvian
- "A Day Without Yesterday:" Father Georges Lemaitre and The Big Bang | Article Written by Fr. Gordon J. MacRae
- big-bang model | Britannica
- Big Bang | Wikipedia
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English astronomer Fred Hoyle is credited with coining the term "Big Bang" during a talk for a March 1949 BBC Radio broadcast, saying: "These theories were based on the hypothesis that all the matter in the universe was created in one big bang at a particular time in the remote past." However, it did not catch on until the 1970s.
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- Pictures of Georges Lemaitre | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
George Gamow (1904-1968) - Biography & Discoveries | Britannica
- George Gamow
Legacy Faculty, 1934-58 | Columbian College of Arts and Sciences
- The Distinguished Life and Career of George Gamow
The Personal and Professional Life of George Gamow | U. of Colorado
- George Gamow (1904-1968) | Wikipedia
He was an early advocate and developer of Lemaître's Big Bang theory.
- George Gamow (1904 – 1968) | Famous Scientists
- George Gamow | Atomic Heritage Foundation
- George Gamow | AIP: American Institute of Physics
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Abstract: George Gamow was Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Colorado, Boulder (1956-1968). Other institutional affiliations included George Washington University and the University of Leningrad. His research interests included beta decay and the big bang theory.
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- George Gamow (1904-1968) | The Physics of the Universe
In 1928, Gamow described the theory of the alpha decay of a nucleus via quantum tunneling,
the first successful explanation of the behavior of radioactive elements using quantum theory.
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- Georgy Gamov, the father of the Big Bang theory, was born in Odessa | The Universe Magazine
Great pictures
- George Gamow and his fundamental Views on the Foundations of Science | Article: Harald Sack | SciHi.org
- When the Big Bang Was Just a Theory | Article by By Ramin Skibba | The New York Times
Based on "Flashes of Creation" By Paul Halpern | George Gamow, Fred Hoyle, and the Great Big Bang Debate
- 5 decades after his death, George Gamow’s contributions to science survive | Article: Tom Siegfried
- Books by George Gamow | Showing 30 distinct books | goodreads
- Books by George Gamow | Amazon
- Books by George Gamow | Bookshop.org
- Books by George Gamow | BIBLIO
- Mr. Tompkins in Paperback by George Gamow (Author), John Hookham (Illustrator) | Amazon
- Mr Tompkins | Wikipedia
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Mr Tompkins is the title character in a series of four popular science books by the physicist George Gamow. The books are structured as a series of dreams in which Mr Tompkins enters alternative worlds where the physical constants have radically different values from those they have in the real world. Gamow aims to use these changes to explain modern scientific theories.
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- George Gamow | The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
- I Never Call It Big Bang - George Gamow: The Extraordinary Story Of A Genius Of Physics
By Alessandro Bottino, Cristina Favero | Barnes & Noble
- Biography of Physics Paperback – January 1, 1964
by George Gamow (Author) | Amazon
- The Origin of Chemical Elements | Manhattan Rare Book Company
Authors: Alpher, Ralph; Bethe, Hans; Gamow, George
- Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper | Wikipedia
- On the origin of chemical elements | Article by Kelly Oakes | Scientific American
- Origin of the Chemical Elements | T. Rauscher1, A. Patkós | PDF File(65 pages) - University of Basel
- George Gamow and the atomic bomb | Article by Alex Wellerstein | Nuclear Secrecy
- George Gamow, Gifted Physicist | Video (1:03:07) - YouTube
- George Gamow and Albert Einstein: | by Galina Weinstein | PDF File(9 pages)
Did Einstein say the cosmological constant was the "biggest blunder" he ever made in his life?
- 30 Best George Gamow Quotes With Image | BooKey
- Pictures of George Gamow | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Hermann Bondi (1919-2005) | Wikipedia
... the first to explicate correctly the nature of gravitational waves.
Sir Hermann Bondi British scientist (1919-2005) | Britannica
Austrian-born British mathematician and cosmologist who, with Fred Hoyle
and Thomas Gold, formulated the steady-state theory of the universe.
Fred Hoyle (1915-2001) | MacTutor
- Sir Fred Hoyle
British mathematician and astronomer (1915-2001) | Britannica
... best known as the foremost proponent and defender of the steady-state theory of the universe.
- Fred Hoyle | Wikipedia
- Fred Hoyle: Father of Nucleosynthesis | Cal State East Bay
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He began his career in science as a resolved atheist, but by the time of his death, believed that life, as we know it today, “must have been the result of some unseen intelligence and that ‘there is a coherent plan for the universe, although I admit I have no idea what it is.’” (Easterbrook 2003).
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- Nucleosynthesis | Wikipedia
Fred Hoyle's original work on nucleosynthesis of heavier elements in stars, occurred just after World War II.
His work explained the production of all heavier elements, starting from hydrogen.
- The steady-state challenge | Britannica
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In the 1950s the Cambridge radio astronomer Martin Ryle showed that there were more radio galaxies at great distances than there were nearby, thus showing that the universe had evolved over time, a result that could not be explained in steady-state theory.
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- Remembering Big Bang Basher Fred Hoyle | Article by John Horgan | Scientific American
The great astrophysicist Fred Hoyle (1915–2001) named the big bang theory but never embraced it.
- Life and Work of Fred Hoyle, British Astronomer | ThoughtCo
- Fred Hoyle (1915-2001) | The Physics of the Universe
- Fred Hoyle | The Velikovsky Encyclopedia
- Fred Hoyle: the scientist whose rudeness cost him a Nobel prize | Article by Robin McKie | The Guardian
- Fred Hoyle 1970 Bruce Medalist | Sonoma State University
- Fred Hoyle | Britannica for KIDS
- Rally ’Round the Cannon: Cosmic consciousness | Alumni News - Princeton by Gregg Lange
- Letters - Not with a Bang, but a Whisper | APS News
- A new perspective on steady-state cosmology: from Einstein to Hoyle | PDF File(22 pages) - arXiv
- Sir Fred Hoyle: The Man Ahead Of Time | Video (21 minutes) - YouTube
Very much worth watching.
- A tale of two Hoyles and two phrases | Article by Jeff Glorfeld | Cosmos Magazine
- Fred Hoyle's Universe
Jane Gregory | Article by Jane Gregory | Oxford University Press
- Synthesis of the Elements in Stars | PDF File(108 pages | Reviews of Modern Physics - October 1957
- Fred Hoyle (1915-2001)
- Books by Fred Hoyle | thriftbooks
- The Nature of the Universe: A Series of Broadcast Lecture by Fred Hoyle | Buddenbrooks
- The Nature of the Universe: A Series of Broadcast lectures by Hoyle, Fred | BIBLIO
- Books by Fred Hoyle | Amazon
- A Different Approch to Cosmology | PDF File(9 pages) | Cambridge University Press
- A Different Approach to Cosmology: From a Static Universe through the Big Bang towards Reality | Barnes & Noble
By F. Hoyle, G. Burbidge, J. V. Narlikar
- A Different Approach to Cosmology by G. Burbidge, F. Hoyle, J. Narlikar | Semantic Scholar
- Evolution from Space: A Theory of Cosmic Creationism Paperback – January 12, 1984 | Amazon
By Sir Fred Hoyle (Author), Chandra Wickramasinghe (Author)
- Evolution from Space: A Theory of Cosmic Creationism by Fred Hoyle, Chandra Wickramasinghe | Barnes & Noble
- Evolution from Space: A Theory of Cosmic Creationism (Paperback) by Sir Fred Hoyle, Chandra Wickramasinghe | Mrs. Dalloways Bookstore
- The Black Cloud | Wikipedia
- The Black Cloud | Paperback | Amazon
By Fred Hoyle (Author), Geoffrey Hoyle (Introduction)
- ?The Black Cloud (1957) | Fred Hoyle with a new foreword by Geoffrey Hoyle | Valancourt Books
- A Scientist's Science Fiction Novel: fred Hoyle's The Black Cloud | Black Gate
- The Black Cloud—a classic science fiction novel from the pen of an astronomer | Review by Simon F Krau | IOP Science
- The Black Cloud by Frank Hoyle | Fantasy Book Review
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The Black Cloud, published in 1957, is the first science fiction novel written by the astronomer and mathematician Fred Hoyle and an in a modern day setting charts the arrival of a gigantic cloud of gas into our solar system from deep space, and the consequences of its appearance.
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- Fred Hoyle | Fantastic Fiction
- Hoyle, Fred | The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
- Fred Hoyle | SF Gateway
- Fred Hoyle | Fiction DB
- Panspermia According to Hoyle | Author Chandra Wickramasinghe | PDF File(9 pages) | Panspermia.org
- Chandra Wickramasinghe, A Journey with Fred Hoyle: The Search for Cosmic Life.
Edited by Kamala Wickramasinghe | Reviewed by Miklós Füzi | NCBI - NLM
- Introduction-Panspermia, 2020 | Article by Edward J Steele | PubMed - NCBI - NLM
- Fred Hoyle: The Vindication of Panspermia by Chandra Wickramasinghe
- Panspermia | Wikipedia
... is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe,...
However, "Critics argue that it does not answer the question of the origin of life
but merely places it on another celestial body."
- Astronomical Origins of Life: Steps Towards Panspermia 2000th Edition | Amazon
By B. Hoyle (Author), N.C. Wickramasinghe (Author)
- Origin of Everything: Hot Bang or Ageless Universe? | Imagine the Universe - Cosmic Times - NASA
- Excerpts from Fred Hoyle's October the First is Too Late
- Fred Hoyle's IFS Lecture December 1982 | Video (1:13:25) - YouTube
Lecture by Sir Fred Hoyle to the Sri Lanka Institute of Fundamental Studies, December 1982,
"From Virus to Cosmology", on the theory of cometary panspermia
- Fred Hoyle | RationalWiki
- Credit Due: Was Sir Fred Hoyle Foiled--By Himself? | Article by J.R. Minkle | Scientific American
- Sir Fred Hoyle | Obituary by Bernard Lovell | The Guardian
Always a controversial astronomer, he rejected 'big bang' theory,
turned his back on Cambridge and was mysteriously denied a Nobel prize.
- Fred Hoyle - Times obituary | MacTutor
Professor Sir Fred Hoyle, FRS, astronomer and writer, was born on June 24, 1915.
He died on August 20, 2001, aged 86.
- Professor Sir Fred Hoyle | 24/08/2001 | The European Space Agency
- Fred Hoyle Quotes | A-Z Quotes
- Pictures of Fred Hoyle | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967 was awarded to Hans Albrecht Bethe
"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars."
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- Hans Albrecht Bethe | Biographical (1906-2005)
His work on nuclear reactions led Bethe to the discovery of the reactions which supply the energy in the stars.
- FACTS
- Hans Bethe - Nuclear Physicist - Los Alamos, NM | Atomic Heritage Foundation - Nuclear Museum
Hans Bethe (1906-2005) was a German-American nuclear physicist and winner of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics.
- Hans Bethe - American physicist (1906-2005) | Britannica
- Hans Bethe | Wikipedia
- Bethe, Hans | The Manhattan Project
- Hans Albrecht Bethe (1906-2005) | PDF File (29 pages) | National Academy of Sciences
- A Biographical Memoir by Gerald E. Brown and Sabine lee
- Hans A. Bethe | AIP: American Institute of Physics
- Biography of Hans Bethe | ThoughtCo.
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Hans Albrecht Bethe - 2001 Bruce Medalist | Sonoma State UniversityBooks by Hans Bethe | Amazon
- Bethe's Bible
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[Bethe's Bible] NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. Stationary States of Nuclei (Bethe & Bacher); NUCLEAR PHYSICS B. Nuclear Dynamics, Theoretical (Bethe); C. NUCLEAR PHYSICS C. Nuclear Dynamics, Experimental (Livingston & Bethe). Hardcover – January 1, 1936
by Hans Bethe (Author)
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- Hans Bethe | AIP
The theoretical physicist’s groundbreaking work was not limited
to the topic of stellar energy generation that earned him the Nobel Prize.
- Nuclear Fission, 1938-1942 | History AIP
- History of Fusion | Fusion History Timeline | EUROfusion
- The discovery of nuclear fission - Hans Bethe - Video | Web of Stories
- Hans Bethe - Photo Gallery | Nobel Prize
Hans Bethe receiving his Nobel Prize from His Majesty the King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden
at the Stockholm Concert Hall, 10 December 1967. →
- Fritz Houtermans | Wikipedia
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Excerpt: "Houtermans, in 1929, with Robert d'Escourt Atkinson, made the first calculation of stellar thermonuclear reactions.[6][7] Their pioneering calculations were the impetus for Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Hans Bethe, in 1939, to put forth the correct theory of stellar thermonuclear energy generation."
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- Energy Production in Stars - H. A. Bethe | Published March 1, 1939 | APS: American Physical Society
Bethe's landmark 1939 paper for which he would be awarded the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics.
- Hans Bethe (1906-2005) | Jewish Virtual Library
From 1935 to 1938, he studied nuclear reactions and reaction cross sections (carbon-oxygen-nitrogen cycle),
leading to his important contribution to stellar nucleosynthesis.
- The Origin of Chemical Elements | Manhattan Rare Book Company
Authors: Alpher, Ralph; Bethe, Hans; Gamow, George
- Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper | Wikipedia
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"It was eventually recognized that most of the heavy elements observed in the present universe are the result of stellar nucleosynthesis in stars, a theory first suggested by Arthur Stanley Eddington, given credence by Hans Bethe, and quantitatively developed by Fred Hoyle and a number of other scientists."
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- The Origin of Chemical Elements | Letters to the Editor (April 1, 1948) | PDF File | APS.org
- Bethe, Teller, Trinity and the End of Earth | Blogs - Scientific American
A leader of the Manhattan Project recalls a discussion of whether
the Trinity test would ignite Earth's atmosphere and destroy the planet
Transcript of interview between John Horgan and Hans Bethe in 1942, which took place at his home in Ithaca, New York.
- Landmarks: What Makes the Stars Shine? | Physics Review - APS
- Hans Bethe | Obituary by Anthony Tucker | The Guardian
Nobel prize-winning physicist, he found the energy source of the stars
and campaigned for nuclear power - and nuclear disarmament.
- Pictures of Hans Bethe | Google Image Search Results
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) | MacTutor
- Edwin Hubble | Britannica
- Edwin Hubble | NASA Science
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Excerpt: "Contrary to the previously held view of a static universe, Hubble ultimately proved that galaxies are, in fact, moving away from us. By studying the light emitted from various galaxies, Hubble discovered that the light appeared displaced toward the red end of the spectrum."
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- Edwin Hubble | Biography
- Edwin Hubble - A Short Biography | Video (7 minutes) - YouTube
- Hubble's Nobel
- Edwin Powell Hubble - The man who discovered the cosmos | ESA
- Edwin Hubble | Wikipedia
- Hubble's Law | Wikipedia
- The Hubble Constant, explained | UChicago News
- Hubble's Law | Penn State
- Hubble’s Law and the expanding universe by Neta A. Bachall | PNAS
- Hubble's Law | BYJUS
The velocity of the galaxy, which is also known as the redshift, is directly proportional to its distance.
- What Does Hubble's Law Mean? | Imagine the Universe | NASA
- Expanding Universe | Hyperphysics
- The Struggle to Measure Cosmic Expansion by Dennis Overbye | The New York Times
- What the Heck is Hubble Tension? (aka The Hubble Wars) | Museum of Science
- The Hubble effect by Domingos Soares | PDF File (10 pages)
- The Interpretation of the Hubble-Effect and of Human Vision
Based on the Differentiated Structure of Space | PDF File
- Edwin Hubble, The Discoverer of the Big Bang Universe | Cambridge University Press
Authors: Alexander S. Sharov, Igor D. Novikov
- 1st Edition Edwin Hubble
Mariner of the Nebulae By G.E Christianson | Routledge
- Books by Edwin Hubble | goodreads
- Realm of the Nebulae (The Silliman Memorial Lectures Series) Paperback – by Edwin Hubble (Author) | Amazon
- Edwin Hubble, The Discoverer of the Big Bang | Cambridge University Press
Authrors: Universe Alexander S. Sharov, Igor Dmitrievich Novikov
- Einstein's Lost Theory Describes a Universe Without a Big Bang | Discover Magazine
- Einstein and the Astronomers | The Huntington
- Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) Expands Our View of the Universe by Donna Weaver and Ann Jenkins | Frontier Fields
- Hubble finds proof that the universe is expanding 1929 | People and Discoveries | PBS
- Case Files: Edwin Hubble | The Franklin Institute
- Edwin Hubble: The Great Synthesizer Revealing the breadth and birth of the universe by Liza Gross | Exploratorium
- Edwin Hubble, the Expanding Universe, Hubble's Law. | Video (14 minutes) - YouTube
Astronomers of the 20th Century.
- Edwin Powell Hubble (1889—1953) American astronomer | Oxford Reference
- One of Hubble’s Key Projects Nails Down Nearly a Century of Uncertainty | HubbleSite
- Hubble finds proof that the universe is expanding 1929| PBS
- Edwin Hubble and the expanding universe | EarthSky
How Did The Universe Begin? | Video (2:26:45) - YouTube
Saul Perlmutter | Berkeley Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 was divided, one half awarded to Saul Perlmutter, the other half jointly to Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"
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Biographical
FACTS
- Berkeley Prof. Saul Perlmutter's Nobel Morning | Brief Video - YouTube
- Saul Perlmutter | Wikipedia
- Saul Perlmutter - American physicist | Britannica
- Saul Perlmutter Wins Nobel Prize in Physics | LBL Berkeley Lab
- Perlmutter’s Quest: In Pursuit of the Fundamentals | LBL
- Supernova Cosmology Project | LBL
- Accelerating expansion of the universe | Wikipedia
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According to the theory of cosmic inflation, the very early universe underwent a period of very rapid, quasi-exponential expansion. While the time-scale for this period of expansion was far shorter than that of the current expansion, this was a period of accelerated expansion with some similarities to the current epoch.
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Compliments of Ann Feild (STScI)
- What caused the expansion of the universe to slow down after the inflationary epoch?
Physics StackExchange Forum
- What is dark energy? | Article by Robert Lia | Space.com
- ASTR/PHY 395 - Cosmology - Lecture notes - Timm Wrase | PDF File (128 pages) | Lehigh University
- Inflation and late-time accelerated expansion driven by k-essence degenerate dynamics | APS Physical Review D
Alexsandre L. Ferreira, Jr., Nelson Pinto-Neto, and Jorge Zanelli – Published 12 January 2024
- The Origins of the Universe: Inflation | Stephen Hawking Centre for Theoretical Cosmology
- Feature: Dark energy | Physics World
- Inflation – In the Early Universe and Today | Article by Edmund J. Copeland - PDF File (55 pages) | CERN
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton
- Dark Energy and CMB | PDF File(16 pages) | arXiv
- Scientists find first evidence that black holes are the source of dark energy by Hayley Dunning
February 15, 2023 | Imperial College, London
- Saul Perlmutter: 'Science is about figuring out your mistakes' | Interview with Zoe Corbyn | The Guardian
- Scientist who helped discover the expansion of the universe is accelerating | NSF
- Saul Perlmutter: from light into darkness | Article by Arnaud Marsollier | CERN Courier
- Exploring Supernovae Leads To Physics Nobel Prize | November 14, 2011 | NPR
Transcript of interview with Saul Perlmutter by Terry Gross of "Fresh Air."
- Discovering a Dark Universe: A Q&A with Saul Perlmutter | Interview by David Appell | Scientific American
- Studies of universe's expansion win physics Nobel (Update 3) | October 4, 2011 | Phys.org
- Brian P. Schmidt - American-born Australian astronomer | Britannica
- Adam Riess
American astronomer | Britannica
- Dr. Adam Riess | STSCI
- Adam Riess | Johns Hopkins
- Adam G. Riess Photo Gallery
- High-Z Supernova Search Team | Wikipedia
- Adam Riess
and the High-z Supernova Search Team | 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics
- Cosmological Results from High-Z Supernovae | PDF File (24 pages) | The Astrophysical Journal
- Nobel Prize 2011: Perlmutter, Schmidt & Riess | Article by Alison Wright | October 4, 2011 - Nature Physics
- How most of the universe was lost | Blog - Kelly Oakes | Scientific American
- Results from the High-Z Supernova Search Team | PDF File (19 pages) | arXiv - Cornell University
- Nobel Prize for discovery of accelerating universe; mysterious origin still unknown | Symmetry Magazine
- The Work of Saul Perlmutter, Brian P.
Schmidt, and Adam G. Riess | Article by Michael Fosmire & Debra Kolah
PDF File (38 pages) | Purdue University
- Studies of Universe’s Expansion Win Physics Nobel | By Dennis Overbye | The New York Times
“Every test we have made has come out perfectly in line with Einstein’s original cosmological constant in 1917,” Dr. Schmidt said.
- Pictures of Saul Perlmutter | Google Image Search Results
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
- Pictures of Brian P. Schmidt | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Pictures of Adam G. Riess | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Janna Levin's Space - Website
- Janna Levin - Professor of Physics and Astronomy - Barnard College
- Janna Levin | Encyclopedia.com
- Janna Levin | Alchetron | Videos - Interviews
- Meet Janna Levin, the Chillest Astrophysicist Alive | Wired
- Janna Levin | Startalk
- Janna Levin's Ted Talk | Video (17 minutes)
- Janna Levin Public Lecture: Black Hole Blues and Other Songs from Outer Space
Video (56 minutes) | Perimeter Institute
- Black Hole Blues and Other Songs from Outer Space | Janna Levin | Talks at Google
Video (46 minutes)
- Janna Levin Mathematics, Purpose, and Truth | On Being with Krista Tippett
Audio (51 minutes) Plus Transcript of interview
- The More Loving One: Astrophysicist Janna Levin Reads W.H. Auden’s Sublime Ode to Our Unrequited Love for the Universe
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Black Hole Survival Guide | Penguin Random House
- Black Hole Survival Guide Paperback – March 15, 2022
by Janna Levin (Author) | Amazon
- Black Hole Survival Guide by Janna Levin | Barnes & Noble
- "Black Hole Survival Guide" | Video: 1:10:20 - YouTube
The Silicon Astronomy Lecture Series
- Janna Levin, "Black Hole Survival Guide" | Video (1:17:51) - YouTube
Harvard Science Book Talks and Research Lecture
More Janna Levin videos are listed on the right side of the page.
- "Black Hole Survival Guide" by Janna Levin | goodreads
- The weirdness of physics: Dreaming wildly with strict rules | Video (6 minutes) | Big Think
- Discovery Retreats: Dr. Janna Levin on "Sounds in Space" | YouTube Video
Followed by more Janna Levin videos
- Janna Levin’s Theory of Doing Everything | Interview with Quanta Magazine
- Janna Levin Quotable Quote | GoodReads
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"...we are the product of this universe and I think it can be argued that the entire cosmic code is imprinted in us. Just as our genes carry the memory of our biological ancestors, our logic carries the memory of our cosmological ancestry. We are not just imposing human-centric notions on a cosmos independent of us. We are progeny of this cosmos and our ability to understand it is an inheritance."
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- Janna Levin on Seeing and Hearing Black Holes | Audio (54 minutes) Plus Transcript of interview | Quanta Magazine
- Black Hole Blues and Other Songs from Outer Space | by Janna Levin (Author) | Amazon
Hardcover – Deckle Edge, March 29, 2016
- Review: ‘Black Hole Blues’ Recounts the Quest to Find the Cosmic Kazoo
By Jennifer Senior - April 17, 2016 | The New York Times
- Janna Levin - As Told to Kate Dwyer | Gossamer
The astrophysicist on black holes, the end of the universe, and what she sees when she looks at the sky.
- From the Big Bang to Black Holes: Time, the Universe, and Everything | Video (57 minutes) | Janna Levin | The Aspen Institute
- A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines Paperback –
by Janna Levin (Author) | Amazon
- A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines by Janna Levin | goodreads
- A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines
by Janna Levin | Barnes & Noble
- A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines by Janna Levin | Publisher's Weekly
- A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines | Wikipedia
- Broccoli and other horrors | Book Review | The Guardian
- Obsessive-Genius Disorder by Jum Holt | The New York Times
- Books by Janna Levin | Amazon
- List of Books by Author Janna Levin | thriftbooks
- Janna Levin | Audio Books
- Books by Janna Levin and Complete Book Reviews | Publisher's Weekly
- Astrophysicist Janna Levin on Free Will and Whether the Universe Is Infinite or Finite, in Letters to Her Mother
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Janna Levin | Big Think
- In Conversation: David Byrne and Janna Levin on the Mind, Theater, and the Elusive Self | Aspen Ideas.org
- Janna Levin | Wikipedia
- Pictures of Janna Levin | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Harvard Physics Department Faculty: Lisa Randall
Lisa Randall is a Professor of Theoretical Physics and is immersed in the study of Particle Physics and Cosmology.
- Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature | High Energy Theory Group | Harvard University
- 2009 Laureate Prize Winner | Creativity Foundation
- Theoretical Physicist Lisa Randall Wins 2012 Gemant Award | Press Release - AIP
- Lisa Randall - Theoretical Physics - Professor - Why Physics? | APS
- Lisa Randall - Theoretical Physicist; Professor of Science, Harvard University | Closer to Truth
- Randall, Lisa 1962– | Encyclopedia.com
- Lisa Randall facts for kids | Kids Encyclopedia
- Stories by Lisa Randall | Scientific American
- Dark matter and dinosaurs: meet Lisa Randall, America’s superstar scientist
Article by Nicola Davis | The Guardian
- Lisa Randall: Dark Matter, Theoretical Physics, and Extinction Events | Video (1 hour) - YouTube
- Lisa Randall on Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs | Video (1:02:29) - JCCSF - YouTube
- Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs: The Astounding Interconnectedness of the Universe
Hardcover – Illustrated - by Lisa Randall | Amazon
- Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs
The Astounding Interconnectedness of the Universe
By Lisa Randall | Harper Collins Publishers
- Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs: The Astounding Interconnectedness of the Universe
by Lisa Randall
By Lisa Randall | Barnes & Noble
- ‘Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs,’ by Lisa Randall | Article by Maria Popova - Nov. 24, 2015 | The New York Times
- Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs: The Astounding Interconnectedness of the Universe | Publisher's Weekly
- Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs | Wikipedia
- Is Dark Matter Responsible For The Great Extinction? | Video (33 minutes)
Published by Leonard Lopate Show - Oct. 27, 2015 | WNYC
- This Way to the Universe (Lisa Randall) DLD 23 | Video (15:43) - Google
- Lisa Randall: The Large Hadron Collider is Opening a "New Era in Physics" | AAAS
- Physicist Lisa Randall on the Sublime and the Crucial Differences Between
How Art, Science, and Religion Explain the Universe by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- The Tim Ferriss Show Transcripts | Episode 115: Lisa Randall | PDF File (35 pages)
- Lisa Randall: Atoms Only Make Up 5% of Our Universe | Video (17 minutes) - YouTube
The Rest is Dark Matter and Energy
- Brane | Wikipedia
- The Beauty of Branes | Article by Marguerite Holloway | Science American
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Lisa Randall's thinking on higher dimensions, warped space and membranes catalyzed ideas in cosmology and physics. It might even unify all four forces of nature.
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- Theories of the Brane: Lisa Randall | Edge.org
- The Universe, "Branes," and the Science of Multiple Dimensions by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Warped Geometry: Its Consequences and Singatures by Lisa Randall, Harvard University
PDF File (57 pages) - CERN
- Geometries with mismatched branes by Andreas Karch, Lisa Randall | arXiv
- Randall–Sundrum model | Wikipedia
- The 2007 TIME 100 - Lisa Randall | Article by Julie Rawe
- Getting Fundamental With Lisa Randall by Nicole Wetsman | Science Friday
The theoretical particle physicist offers advice to aspiring scientists.
- Lisa Randall: Truth and Beauty and Other Scientific Misconceptions | Video (54:58) - YouTube
More Randall videos on the right.
- Lisa Randall | Video (7 minutes) - Closer to Truth
- Lisa Randall - Google Scholar
- How many ‘Hidden Figures’ does it take to make a ‘Theory of Everything?' | Article by Joey Weslo
(Harvard physicist Lisa Randall says biases are holding back discovery)
- Lisa Randall: Warped view of the universe | Profile - The Guardian
- Supersymmetry and Parallel Dimensions | The Harvard Crimson
Harvard Physicst Randall among world’s leading string theorists.
- Lisa Randall: Black holes out of reach of LHC - August 29, 2007 | by Tommaso Dorigo - A Quantum Diaries Survivor
- On Gravity, Oreos and a Theory of Everything | Article by Dennis Overbye | The New York Times
- Randall Receives 2015 Julius Wess Award | Harvard University
- Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs, by Lisa Randall
Review by Maria Popova - November 24, 2015 | The New York Times
- Lisa Randall's Guide to the Galaxy | Ron Rosenbaum - June, 2013 | Smithsonian Magazine
- Warped Passages: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions
Hardcover – by Lisa Randall (Author) | Amazon
- Warped Passages | Wikipedia
- Warped Passages | Stringworld.ru - PDF File
- Warped Passages: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions
By Lisa Randall | Barnes & Noble
- Warped Passages | Harper Collins Publishers
- Lisa Randall, Harvard Physicist | Interview on Thoughtcast
- Why You Shouldn't Fear Science — Even Particle Physics | Interview on Live Science
- Theories of the Brane | Edge
- Lisa Randall | Big Think - VIDEOS
Lisa Randall studies theoretical particle physics and cosmology at Harvard University. Her research
connects theoretical insights to puzzles in our current understanding of the properties and interactions of matter.
- Lisa Randall’s Guide to the Galaxy | Article by Ross Rosenbaum | Smithsonian Magazine
- "The Beauty of Branes" | Scientific American | by Marguerite Holloway, September 26, 2005
Lisa Randall's thinking on higher dimensions, warped space and membranes catalyzed ideas
in cosmology and physics. It might even unify all four forces of nature.
- Randall-Sundrum Model | Wikipedia
"In physics, Randall--Sundrum models (also called 5-dimensional warped geometry theory)
imagine that the real world is a higher-dimensional Universe described by warped geometry."
- Kaluza Klein Theory | Wikipedia
- Kaluza Klein Theory for Kids | PDF File - by William O. Straub, PhD, June 27, 2014
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A very elementary overview of the original Kaluza-Klein theory is presented, suitable for undergraduates who want to learn the basic mathematical formalism behind a revolutionary idea that was proposed one hundred years ago, yet today serves as the template for modern higher-dimensional particle and gravity theories.
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- Higher Dimensions
"Also, linear equations with n-variables are interpreted as an (n-1)-dimensional hyper-plane in an n-dimensional space."
- A universe of ten dimensions | Phys.org
- Planes, Hyperplanes, and Beyond | PDF File by Jeremy L. Martin - University of Kansas
- Hyperplane | Wikipedia
- Knocking on Heaven's Door: How Physics and Scientific Thinking Illuminate the Universe and the Modern World
Paperback – by Lisa Randall (Author) | Amazon
- Knocking on Heaven's Door: How Physics and Scientific Thinking Illuminate the Universe and the Modern World
Hardcover - by Lisa Randall | Harvard Book Store
- Knocking on Heaven's Door: How Physics and Scientific Thinking Illuminate the Universe and the Modern World
Paperback | Bookmarks
- Knocking on Heaven's Door: How Physics and Scientific Thinking Illuminate the Universe and the Modern World
Paperback | Barnes & Noble
- Knocking on Heaven's Door: How Physics and Scientific Thinking Illuminate the Universe and the Modern World
Publisher's Weekly
- Books by Lisa Randall | Amazon
- Books by Lisa Randall | Harvard
- Pictures of Lisa Randall and friends and colleagues | Google Image Search Result
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
What is Emergence? | John Templeton Foundation
Strong and Weak Emergence | David J. Chalmers | PDF File (13 pages)
The Conscious Mind (In search of a fundamnetal theory) by David J. Chalmers | PDF File (433 pages)
Diagram of Emergence Process: Form - Function - Fluctuation
Stairway to the Mind: The Controversial New Science of Consciousness by Alwyn Scott | thriftbooks
The Emergence of Consciousness (Journal of Consciousness Studies #8) | edited by Anthony Freeman | The MIT Press/Bookstore
Phenomenal Consciousness and Emergence: Eliminating the Explanatory Gap | Hypothesis and Theory Article | frontiers in psychology
Is consciousness emergent? | Reddit Forum
Emergent Properties | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Can cosciousnes be explained by "emergence"? | Forum - Philosophy Now
The Basic Theory of the Mind | MindTheory.net
"The mind and its phenomena of qualia and consciousness are
non-material entities with information and information processing as their essence."
Complexity, Physics, and the Emergence of Consciousness by Paul L. Nunez Ph.D. | Psychology Today
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978 was divided, one half awarded to Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics", the other half jointly to Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"
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Arno Penzias (April, 1933-January 22, 2024) Biographical
Robert Woodrow Wilson | Biographical
- Speed read: Tuning in to Big Bang’s Echo
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→ Robert Wilson (left) and Arno Penzias (right): These two scientists are standing in front of the horn-shaped antenna with which they discovered the cosmic background radiation. The photo was taken in 1978, just after they received the Nobel Prize in physics. →
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- 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics | Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson | Bell-Labs
The discovery of an otherworldly crackle, which became known as cosmic
background radiation, proves the Big Bang theory of the universe.
- Award Ceremony Speech
- Bell Labs’ Arno Penzias & Robert Wilson Are Nobel Prize Laureates
- Penzias and Wilson's Discovery is One of the Century's Key Advances | University of Virginia
- Cosmic Anniversary: 'Big Bang Echo' Discovered 50 Years Ago Today | NEWS: Mike Wall | Space.com
- Who Were Penzias and Wilson? | AIP
- Arno Penzias
American astrophysicist (1933-2024) | Britannica
- Robert Woodrow Wilson American astronomer | Britannica
- Arno Allen Penzias | Encyclopedia.com
- Wilson, Robert W. (1936- ) | Encyclopedia.com
- Robert Woodrow Wilson | Wikipedia
- Arno Allan Penzias (1933-2024) | Wikipedia
- Penzias and Wilson discover cosmic microwave radiation 1965 | People and Discoveries | PBS
- Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation | Wikipedia
- Case Study: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation | American Museum of Natural History
- The Cosmic Microwave Background | Courses Lumen Learning
- The CMB: how an accidental discovery became the key to understanding the universe
Published July 24, 2015 | The Conversation
- Interview with Nobel Laureates Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias - AT&T Archives | Video (15:21) - YouTube
- Arno Allan Penzias | Includes interview videos: part 1: (1:01:28); part 2: (56:31) | ETHW: Engineering and Technology History
- Robert Wilson | ETHW
- Scientist of the Day: Robert Woodrow Wilson | Linda Hall Library
- June 1963: Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background | July 2002 Issue | APSNews
Ivan Kaminow, a colleague of Penzias during the latter's early days at Bell Labs, once joked that
Penzias and Wilson "looked for dung but found gold, which is just opposite of the experience of most of us."
- Cosmic Microwave Background Discovered 50 Years Ago Today | by AMNH on May 20, 2014
Includes video about this discovery, an episode on "Dark Universe," the new Space Show narrated by Neil deGrasse Tyson.
- Prof. Dr. Arno Allan Penzias > Research Profile | Lindau Noble Laureate Meetings
- Prof. Dr. Robert W. Woodrow Wilson > Research Profile | Lindau Noble Laureate Meetings
- The Cosmic Microwave Background and
the Big Bang Theory of the Universe | PDF File | Vanderbilt University
- Planck and the cosmic microwave background | ESA
- Confirming the Big Bang | Bell Labs researchers discover cosmic background radiation
Includes videos
- The Cosmic Background Radiation | Smoot Group
- Smart Luck: How the Big Bang Was Found by Accident [Slide Show] | Scientific American
- In memory of Arno Penzias, the Bell Labs researcher who explained the origins of the universe | Bell Labs
- Arno Penzias, co-discoverer of the Big Bang's afterglow, dies at age 90 | January 24, 2024 | NPR
- Arno Penzias Quotes | A-Z Quotes
- Pictures of Robert Woodrow Wilson | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Pictures of Arno Penzias | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Google Image Search Results
The evolution of the Universe from the big bang to the present.
Everyday Cosmology | Carnegie Science
Quantum Fields: The Real Building Blocks of the Universe - with David Tong | Video (1 hour) - YouTube
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006 | John C. Mather and George F. Smoot
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006 was awarded jointly to John C. Mather and George F. Smoot
"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation"
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- Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe | NASA
The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) is a NASA Explorer mission that launched June 2001
to make fundamental measurements of cosmology -- the study of the properties of our universe as a whole.
- COBE | NASA
- Cosmic Background Explorer | NASA
- COBE Satellite Marks 20th Anniversary | Includes educational video | NASA
- COBE Slide Set - High-Resolution Images
- Blackbody Education
- George Smoot Videos | Duck Duck Go
- Search Results for "George Smoot Ph.D. thesis"
- George Smoot III | Berkeley Physics
- George Smoot | Wikipedia
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He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2006 for his work on the Cosmic Background Explorer with John C. Mather that led to the "discovery of the black body form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation".
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- John C. Mather | Wikipedia
- Cosmic microwave background radiation | New World Encyclopedia
- Nobel Laureate George Smoot and the Origin of the Universe | Video (3:15) | PBS
- My Einstein's Suspenders | The 2006 Nobel Prize for Physics
By George Smoot [11.9.06] | Edge.org
- My Einstein: Essays by Twenty-Four of the World's Leading Thinkers on the Man, his Work, and his Legacy
By John Brockman | Penguin Random House
- My Einstein By John Brockman | Table of Contents | Villanova University
- Tracing the Evolution of Our Universe through Blackbody Photon Dynamics
Article by Arjun Raghavan | The Pit Journal - UNC: University of North Carolina
- Sources of radiation | PDF File(12 pages) | University of Colorado Boulder
- Why does the CMB have a spectrum like a black-body radiation? | PhysicsStackExchnage Forum
- George Smoot Wins Nobel Prize in Physics | 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics | Berkeley Lab
- Echo of the Big Bang wins US pair Nobel Prize | Phys.org
- Nobel Prize to Mather and Smoot for CMB Anisotropies | Blog Sean Carroll
- Mather and Smoot share Nobel for precise observations of the CMB | CERN Courier
- Regents' Lecture: From Berkeley to NASA, Stockholm and the Beginning of the Universe
Video (1:16:15) - YouTube
Dr. John C. Mather - Senior Astrophysicist, Senior Project Manager for JWST.
- John C. Mather - Nobel Lecture | Video (34:15)
- Nobel Lecture: From the Big Bang to the Nobel Prize and beyond
PDF File(18 pages) | John C. Mather
- Cosmic ripples net physics prize | Article by Katharine Sanderson & Jenny Hogan | Nature
- 1992: John Mather and George Smoot Image the Infant Universe | Carnegie Science
- George F. Smoot Professor Emeritus; Nobel Laureate 2006 | Berkeley
- Nobel Prize 2006: Mather and Smoot | Nature
- Cosmic Background Radiation Mini-Review | Douglas Scott and George F. Smoot | NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Dtabase
- George F. Smoot - Is Life and Mind Inevitable in the Universe? | Video (8:48) - YouTube
- Q&A: George Smoot | Interviewer: Richard Hodson - Nature
- George Smoot III Nobel Laureate in Physics; Professor of Physics, UC Berkeley | Closer to Truth
- George Smoot | Ted Speaker | The Design of the Universe | Video (19 minutes)
"His pioneering research into deep space and time is uncovering the structure of the universe itself."
- COBE, Cosmology, and John Mather | Goddard Space Flight Center - NASA
- John Mather '68 on the History of the Universe | Video (54:30) Lecture at Swarthmore College - YouTube
- John Mather: University of Maryland Commencement Speech, December 20,2008 | PDF File
- John C.Mather, Ph.D. | Achievment.org
Listen to this achiever on What It Takes.
- What is and where is the CMB Radiation?
- Smoot Group | LBL: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Nobel Prize Dialogue - Singapore 2022 | You can rewatch all sessions from the dialogue.
- Baby Universe's 1st Picture 1993 | Cosmic Times
- Microwave | New World Encyclopedia
- George F. Smoot III - Are the Laws of Nature Always Constant? | Closer to Truth | Video (9:46) - YouTube
- A Simple Truth | Article by Richard Panek | NOVA - PBS
- George F. Smoot III - How Do You Make a Cosmos? | Closer to Truth | Video (7:28) - YouTube
- Big Bang Theory comedy gets Nobel Laureate | Symmetry Magazine
- The Very First Light: The True Inside Story of the Scientific Journey Back to the Dawn of the Universe
Paperback – Illustrated, by John Boslough (Author), John Mather (Author) | Amazon
- Wrinkles in Time: Witness to the Birth of the Universe | Amazon
Hardcover – by George Smoot (Author), Keay Davidson (Author)
From the Big Bang to the Nobel Prize and on to James Webb Space Telescope
Paperback – by John C. Mather | Amazon
Books by John C. Mather | goodreads
Pictures of George Smoot | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Pictures of John C. Mather | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Lee Smolin
Lee Smolin - The Nature of Time | Video (18:38) - YouTube
Lee Smolin - How Can Space and Time be the Same Thing? | Video (9:18) - YouTube
Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931) | Biography
The Blake Society Website
- William Blake | Timeline history of his life
- William Blake (1757–1827) | Biography
William Blake was a 19th-century writer and artist who is regarded as a seminal figure of the Romantic Age.
- The William Blake Archive
- William Blake | Poets.org
- William Blake | Britannica
- William Blake (1757–1827) | The MET
- William Blake: Poet, Artist & Visionary - a genius of early Romanticism in England | Brief video - YouTube
- The Life of Poet William Blake documentary (1995) | Video (48:58) - YouTube
- 10 of the Best William Blake Poems | Interesting Literature
- The 4 States of Mind in William Blake’s Mythology | by Susanna Andrews | The Collector
William Blake was an incredibly prolific artist of the 18th and 19th-century
art world, expressing his spirituality and creativity through many mediums.
- William Blake: Biography offers glimpse into artist and poet's visionary mind | BBC
- William Blake | Tate Britain Exhibition
- Blake Issue Archive | An Illustrated Quarterly
- Poems by William Blake - study guide | Universal Teacher
The notes which follow are intended for study and revision of a selection of Blake's poems.
- Poems of William Blake, 1757-1827 | Ambleside Online
This page includes poems from the book Songs of Innocence;
it also includes other William Blake poems appropriate for children.
- "Auguries of Innocence" by William Blake (1757-1827)
To see a world in a grain of sand
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
Auguries of Innocence
- "Auguries of Innocence" by William Blake | PDF File | Internet Archive
- William Blake's Songs of Innocence and Experience
- Songs of Innocence and of Experience by William Blake | goodreads
- Songs of Innocence and of Experience: Shewing the Two by William Blake, Geoffrey Keynew, Geoffrey Keynes
Oxford University Press / 1989 / Paperback
- The Project Gutenberg eBook of Songs of Innocence and of Experience, by William Blake
- Songs of Innocence and of Experience | Wikipedia
- How To See The World In A Grain Of Sand | NPR
- The Complete Poetry & Prose of William Blake Paperback – Amazon
Authors: William Blake (Author), David V. Erdman (Author), Harold Bloom (Author), William Golding (Author)
- The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake by William Blake
With a New Foreword and Commentary by Harold Bloom - Hardcover – llustrated
- The Complete Poems by William Blake, Edited by Alicia Ostriker | Penguin Random House
- The Complete Poems by William Blake, Alicia Suskin Ostriker (Editor) | 1,072 pages - goodreads
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Throughout his life Blake drew on a rich heritage of philosophy, religion and myth, to create a poetic worlds illuminated by his spiritual and revolutionary beliefs that have fascinated, intrigued and enchanted readers for generations.
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- The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake
With a New Foreword and Commentary by Harold Bloom | University of California Press
- The Poetry and Belief of William Blake | St. Alfege Church
A talk given at Choral Evensong 23 February 2020
- The "Mind-Forg'd Manacles" of Blake's Poetry |
by Elizabeth Whitney | University of Houston
- William Blake and the Doors of Perception | Young Poets Network
- Images of William Blake | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Dante's Biography (1265-1321) | Villanova University
Dante Alighieri | Wikipedia
Dante (1265-1321) | Britannica
John Donne - English poet (1572-1631) | Britannica
- John Donne summary
- John Donne (1572-1631) | Wikipedia
He is considered the preeminent representative of the metaphysical poets.
- John Donne (1572-1631) | Biography
John Donne, leading English poet of the Metaphysical school,
is often considered the greatest loved poet in the English language.
- John Donne (1572–1631) | Poetry Foundation
- Biography of John Donne | BYU Library
- John Donne (1572-1631) | British Literature - Ohio State University Pressbooks
- John Donne: Life, Mind and Art - Hardcover
by John Carey (Author) | Amazon
- Super-Infinite: The Transformations of John Donne by Katherine Rundell | 57th Street Books
- John Donne - Biography | PDF File (10 pages)
- John Donne’s Autobiography | PDF File (55 pages) | TUCL
- John Donne (1572 – 1631) | Poets.org
- The History of John Donne | The Journey of a First Edition | Luminarium.org
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As his life finally began to fall into political and financial place, his wife died in 1617 and Donne was struck with grief. From then until his death in 1631, Donne was, according to his friend and biographer Izaak Walton, “crucified to the world” and wrote no more love poetry.
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- Project Canterbury - The Life of Dr. John Donne by Izaak Walton | Anglican History
- Dr. John Donne Paperback – by Izaak Walton (Author) | Amazon
- John Donne biography by David Ross, editor | Britain Express
Then in 1617, Anne Donne died in giving birth to the couple's 12th child.
Her death affected Donne greatly, though he continued to write, notably Holy Sonnets (1618).
- John Donne Biography | Owl Eyes
- Collected Poetry (Penguin Classics) Paperback – Amazon
By John Donne (Author), Christopher Ricks (Editor), Ilona Bell (Editor, Introduction)
- John Donne - The Major Works: including Songs and Sonnets and sermons - Paperback | Amazon
By John Donne (Author), John Carey (Editor)
- John Donne - The Major Works including Songs and Sonnets and sermons
Edited by John Carey | Oxford University Press
- John Donne: The Major Works: Including Songs and Sonnets and Sermons - Paperback
By John Donne (Author), John Carey (Editor) | Shakespeare & Co.
- Book Review: The Major Works of John Donne | warm days will never cease
- The Complete Poetry and Selected Prose of John Donne - Paperback – | Amazon
By John Donne (Author), Charles M. Coffin (Editor), Denis Donoghue (Introduction)
- The Complete Poetry And Selected Prose Of John Donne | University of Washington Bookstore
- The Complete Poetry and Selected Prose of John Donne - Paperback | Penguin Random House
By John Donne, Introduction by Denis Donoghue, Edited by Charles M. Coffin
- The Complete English Poems of John Donne
By John Donne - Introduction by C. A. Patrides
Hardcover | Penguin Random House
- The Complete Poetry and Selected Prose of John Donne - Paperback | Barnes & Noble
By John Donne, Denis Donoghue (Introduction), Charles M. Coffin (Editor)
- John Donne | Best Poems Encyclopedia
- John Donne Poems | My Poetic Side
- John Donne [1572-1631] Poetry | All Poetry
- John Donne Poems - Leather Bound - by John Donne (Author) | Amazon
- No Man Is an Island | Summary & Analysis | Lit Charts
- ‘No Man Is An Island’, Meaning & Context | No Sweat Shakespeare
- ‘No Man Is An Island’, Meaning & Context
- ”The Good-Morrow” By John Donne: Analysis Of The Poem And its Themes
- John Donne - The Good-Morrow - Analysis. Poetry Lecture by Dr. Andrew Barker
Video (40:14) - YouTube
- Devotions upon Emergent Occasions | Wikipedia
- Project Gutenberg's Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions, by John Donne
- Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions by John Donne 1624 | PDF File (48 pages)
- Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions and Death's Duel - Paperback | Amazon
By John Donne (Author), Andrew Motion (Author), Izaak Walton (Author)
- Devotions upon Emergent Occasions by John Donne, Edited by Anthony Raspa
Oxford University Press
- “The Greatest Metaphysical Poet”: Your Full Guide to John Donne’s Life, Career & Poems
- John Donne's Poetic Philosophy of Love by Dr. David Naugle | PDF File (35 pages)
- A Lovers’ Selection: Poems by John Donne
Edited by Katherine Rundell
- Poetry and Consciousness by Eli Siegel about John Donne | Excerpt from lecture
- Mapping New Worlds: John Donne and the Power of Metaphor by Malcolm Guite
"Emotional, imaginative, sexual and spiritual insights are all integrated
and interlinked in Donne in a way that is perhaps unequalled in any other writer."
- Traces of Nothing: self-reflecting acts of writing in John Donne’s love poems
By Guillaume Fourcade | Open Edition Journals
- Metaphysical Poetry | PDF File (49 pages)
- John Donne, Body and Soul by Ramie Targoff | University of Chicago Press
- John Donne, Body and Soul - Paperback –
by Ramie Targoff (Author) | Amazon
- The Songs and Sonets of John Donne Second Edition by John Donne
Edited by Theodore Redpath | Harvard University Press
- The Songs and Sonets of John Donne: Second Edition
Paperback – by John Donne (Author) | Amazon
- Songs and Sonnets by John Donne | Encyclopedia.com
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Synopsis: Embodying a series of often contradictory statements about love, Donne’s poems express attitudes ranging from indifferent lust to transcendent marital devotion.
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- Songs and Sonnets by John Donne | Luminarian
- John Donne - From Songs and Sonnets | PDF File (9 pages) | Fountainhead Press
- John Donne - The Songs and Sonnets | Poetry in Translation
- John Donne’s "The Flea"
By Yash Vaidya, Cassady Stewart, Zoe Szczesniak
- The Flea by John Donne | Poetry Foundation
- THE FLEA - John Donne, 1572-1631 | PDF File
- Duelling Death in the Lyrics of Love:
John Donne's Poetics of Immortality
University of California Press E-Books Collection
- A “Metaphorical God” and the Book of Nature: John Donne on Natural Theology
Article by Katherine Calloway | Studies in Philology | JSTOR
You can register to read articles at JSTOR for free.
- An analysis of 17th century poet John Donne’s "The Ecstasy." by Paul Tyndall
- John Donne’s Erotica by CarolynKormann | The New Yorker
- 30 Best John Donne's Poetry Quotes With Image | Bookey
- John Donne Quotes | Brainy Quotes
"No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent."
- Images of John Donne | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
John Milton (1608-1674) | Wikipedia
John Keats British poet (1795-1821) | Britannica
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) | Britannica
“If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer.
Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away.” -Henry David Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Annie Dillard | Britannica
Annie Dillard (born April 30, 1945, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.) is an
American writer best known for her meditative essays on the natural world.
How We Spend Our Days Is How We Spend Our Lives: Annie Dillard on Choosing Presence Over Productivity
The Writing Life Paperback – November 12, 2013 by Annie Dillard (Author) | Amazon
Dylan Thomas (1914-1953) | Britannica
"Do not go gentle into that good night" | Dylan Thomas (1914-1953) | Poets.org
Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night – Poem Analysis | White Horse Tavern
Dylan Thomas 1914-1953 | Poetry Foundation
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1923 - William Butler Yeats
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The Nobel Prize in Literature 1923 was awarded to William Butler Yeats "for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation."
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T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) | Wikipedia
He is considered to be one of the 20th century's greatest poets,
as well as a central figure in English-language Modernist poetry.
T. S. Eliot (1888 – 1965) | Poets.org
Robert Frost (1874-1963) | Britannica
Robert Frost - Biography | PDF File (10 pages) | Avadh Girl's Degree College
Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) | Wikipedia
Gertrude Stein
(1874-1946) | Poets.org
Emily Elizabeth Dickinson (1830-1886) | Wikipedia
Emily Dickinson (1830–1886) | Poetry Foundation
E. E. Cummings
(1894 – 1962) | Poets.org
A New Theory of Consciousness: The Mind Exists as a Field Connected to the Brain
Article by Tara MacIsaac | Science & Nonduality
A Singular Universe of Many Singularities: Cultural Evolution in a Cosmic Context
PDF File | Eric J. Chaisson - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
The Notebooks of Paul Brunton
The Mind's I: Fantasies And Reflections On Self & Soul - Paperback | Amazon
By Douglas R Hofstadter (Author), Daniel C. Dennett (Author)
What is Natural Law? | Cain Carroll
William Tiller
Defining the Fourth Dimension
The Fourth Dimension in Psychology by Swami Krishnananda
Talks--The Fourth Dimension
Charles Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806) | MacTutor
Summary: Charles Coulomb worked on applied mechanics but he is best known for his work on electricity and magnetism.
- Charles-Augustin de Coulomb - French physicist (1736-1806) | Britannica
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French physicist best known for the formulation of Coulomb’s law, which states that the force between two electrical charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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- Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806) | Wikipedia
- Coulomb's Law
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Coulomb's law was essential to the development of the theory of electromagnetism and maybe even its starting point,[1] as it allowed meaningful discussions of the amount of electric charge in a particle.
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- Charles de Coulomb | Biography of Famous Scientists
French engineer and physicist Charles de Coulomb made pioneering discoveries in electricity and magnetism,
and came up with the theory called Coulomb's Law.
- Coulomb, Charles-Augustin De (1736–1806) | Encyclopedia.com
- Coulomb's Law
- Charles-Augustin de Coulomb | National Mag Lab
- Charles-Augustin de Coulomb | New World Encyclopedia
- Charles-Augustin de Coulomb | Linda Hall Library
- Charles-Augustin Coulomb
First Memoir on Electricity and Magnetism | PDF File(7 pages)
The fundamental law of Electricity:
The repulsive force of two small globes electrified with the same kind of electricity, is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the centers of the two globes.
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- June 1785: Coulomb Measures the Electric Force | Article by Richard Williams | APS
- Coulomb's Memoirs on Torsion, Electricity, and Magnetism Translated into English
PDF File(550 pages) | Andre Koch Torres Assis and Louis L. Bucciarelli
- Coulomb’s Memoirs on Torsion, Electricity, and Magnetism Translated into English | Amazon
Paperback – by Andre Koch Torres Assis (Author), Louis L. Bucciarelli (Author)
- Books published by A. K. T. Assis
- The Material Intricacies of Coulomb’s 1785 Electric Torsion Balance Experiment | PDF File(33 pages)
Elay Shech & Eric Hatleback
- Experimental tests of Coulomb’s Law and the photon rest mass
PDF File(11 pages) | Institute of Physics Publishing - Princeton
- Books by Coulomb | Amazon
- Charles-Augustin Coulomb—The Founder of Physiology and Ergonomics | Scientific Research Publishing
By Agamenon R. E. Oliveira Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro
- Happy Birthday, Charles-Augustin de Coulomb | Article by Joseph Carew | Comsol Blog
- Charles Augustin de Coulomb (1736 - 1806) | Corrosion Doctors
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His studies into friction in Rochefort led to Coulomb's major work on friction Théorie des machines simples which won him the Grand Prix from the Académie des Sciences in 1781. This 1781 memoir basically changed Coulomb's life.
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- The Prize-Winning Memoir Creating the Science of Friction | Livre Rare Book
- Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
His research into electricity and magnetism allowed this area of physics
to break out of traditional natural philosophy and become an exact science.
- Biography of Coulomb and his Equation | Video (12:18) - YouTube
Kathy loves physics and history.
- Paintings and images of Charles Augustín de Coulomb | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Ritter, Johann Wilhelm (1776-1810) | Encyclopedia.com
"The universe as a whole was believed to possess a world-soul and all natural
processes within it were thought to be interrelated and interdependent.
Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) | Wikipedia
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Volta's invention sparked a great amount of scientific excitement and led others to conduct similar experiments, which eventually led to the development of the field of electrochemistry.
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Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) | Famous scientists
André Marie Ampère (1775-1836) | MacTutor
- André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836) | Wikipedia
André-Marie Ampère was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders
of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as "electrodynamics."
- André Marie Ampère summary | Britannica
French physicist, founder of the science of electromagnetism
- André Marie Ampère | Biography | Britannica
- André Marie Ampère (1775-1836) | Famous Scientists
- André-Marie Ampère | Magnet University
He was the first to demonstrate that a magnetic field is generated when two parallel wires are charged with electricity.
He is generally credited as one of the first to discover electromagnetism.
- André-Marie Ampère | Magnet Academy
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Although he was not the first person to observe a connection between electricity and magnetism, André-Marie Ampère was the first scientist to attempt to theoretically explain and mathematically describe the phenomenon.
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- André-Marie Ampère ~ Electromagnetism | Video (15 minutes) - YouTube
- Ampère's Law: Crash Course Physics #33 | Video (9 minutes) - YouTube
- André Marie Ampère: Discovery of the Link Between Electricity and Magnetism by Doug West | Owlcation
- André-Marie Ampère, "the Newton of Electricity" by Augusto Beléndez - Professor of Applied Physics | BBVA Open Mind
- Who is André-Marie Ampère? by Aydem Perakende
- Scientist of the Day - Andre-Marie Ampere | Linda Hall Library
- André-Marie Ampère and the two hundred years of electrodynamics | Article - Cigre.org
- Pioneers in Electricity and Magnetism | Molecular Expressions
- Ampère’s Electrodynamics | by A. K. T. Assis and J. P. M. C. Chaib | PDF File (548 pages)
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Analysis of the Meaning and Evolution of Ampère’s Force between Current Elements, together with a Complete Translation of his Masterpiece:
Theory of Electrodynamic Phenomena, Uniquely Deduced from Experience.
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- Memoir on the Mathematical Theory of Electrodynamic Phenomena | Atticus Rare Books
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"Ampère also provided a physical understanding of the electromagnetic relationship, theorizing the existence of an "electrodynamic molecule" (the forerunner of the idea of the electron) that served as the component element of both electricity and magnetism."
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- The Pioneer Behind Electromagnetism | Article by Joanna Goodrich | IEEE Spectrum
Ampère’s theory was fundamental to electronic inventions such as motors and generators.
- Ampere, the Etherians, and the Oersted Connexion by Kenneth Caneva | PDF Download available | University of North Carolina
- The key role of Oersted's and Ampere's 1820 electromagnetic
experiments by Christine Blondel and Abdelmadjid Benseghir
in the construction of the concept of electric current | PDF File (13 pages)
- Ampère's Electrodynamics Paperback – by Andre Koch Torres Assis, J.P.M.C. Chaib | Amazon
- André-Marie Ampère: Enlightenment and Electrodynamics by James R. Hofmann (Author), David Knight (Preface) | Amazon
- André-Marie Ampère: Enlightenment and Electrodynamics
by James R. Hofmann, David Knight | Barnes & Noble
- Books by Andre-Marie Ampere | Mostly in French | goodreads
- Images of Andre-Marie Ampere | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Who is Credited with the Discovery of Electromagnetism?
- Article: Electromagnetism
-
Anatomy of an Electromagnetic Wave | NASA
- Electromagnetic waves | NOAA
- Electromagnetism 101 | National Geographic | Video (3:19) - YouTube
- electromagnetism summary | Britannica
Learn about the three landmark discoveries in the field of electromagnetism.
- André-Marie Ampère French physicist (1775-1836) | Britannica
French physicist who founded and named the science of electrodynamics, now known as electromagnetism.
- What is the electromagnetic spectrum? | Space.com
- A Timeline of Events in Electromagnetism | Thought.co
"German physicist Heinrich Hertz proved Maxwell's electromagnetic wave theory
was correct, and in the process, generated and detected electromagnetic waves."
- History of electromagnetic theory | Wikipedia
- The Discovery of Radio Waves | Article by George Steber | Nuts & Bolts
In November 1886, Hertz became the first person to transmit and receive controlled radio waves.
- Radio Waves - Includes 3-minute video | NASA
Heinrich Hertz proved the existence of radio waves in the late 1880s.
- 125 Years Discovery of Electromagnetic Waves | KIT: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
On November 11, 1886, Heinrich Hertz for the First Time Performed His Pioneer Experiment.
- Who discovered radio? | International Telecommunication Union
- Cool Cosmos | CalTech
Your infrared guide to the world and the Universe beyond.
- Herschel and the Puzzle of Infrared by Jack White | American Scientist
- Thomas Young (1773-1829) | Wikipedia
Young is credited with establishing Christiaan Huygens' wave theory of light,
in contrast to the corpuscular theory of Isaac Newton.
- Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) | Wikipedia
In optics, he is best known for his wave theory of light, which he described in his "Traité de la Lumière" (1690).
- How We Came to Know the Cosmos: Light & Matter - by Dr. Helen Klus - read online
- James Clerk Maxwell | Wikipedia
- A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field
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"A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" is a paper by James Clerk Maxwell on electromagnetism, published in 1865. In the paper, Maxwell derives an electromagnetic wave equation with a velocity for light in close agreement with measurements made by experiment, and deduces that light is an electromagnetic wave."
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- Hans Christian Ørsted connecting Electricity and Magnetism | SciHi.org
- Hans Christian Ørsted connecting Electricity and Magnetism | SciHi.org
- Hans Chritian Orsted (1777-1851) | PDF File - MSU
- How Oersted Discovered Electromagnetism | 3-minute video | National MagLab
Watch how Hans Christian Oersted discovered quite by accident in 1820 that electricity and magnetism are related.
- The birth of electromagnetism (1820)
- André-Marie Ampère and Electromagnetism | SciHi.org
- Ole Roemer and the Speed of Light | American Museum of Natural History
- Speed of Light and the Principle of Relativity | Physics of the Universe
- Who determined the speed of light? by Elezabeth Nix | History Channel
- Roemer and the First Determination of the Velocity of Light | 72 pages
- Roemer and the First Determination of the Velocity of Light | Semantic Scholar
- Rømer's determination of the speed of light | Wikipedia
- Speed of Light | Wikipedia
- Measuring the Speed of Light Throughout History | Video (19:30) - YouTube
- André-Marie Ampère | Magnet University
He was the first to demonstrate that a magnetic field is generated when two parallel wires are charged with electricity.
And more to the present point, he is generally credited as one of the first to discover electromagnetism.
Michael Faraday (1791-1867) | MacTutor
- Michael Faraday - Lived 1791 – 1867 | Famous Scientists
- Michael Faraday British physicist and chemist | Britannica
- Michael Faraday Biography | Vedantu
- Michael Faraday | Wikipedia
- The Inspiring and Kind Poetry of Michael Faraday: Scientist Extraordinaire | Video (16:44) - YouTube
Kathy loves physics and history.
- Michael Faraday | Science History Institute
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Excerpt: "Although Faraday was unable to express his theories in mathematical terms, his ideas formed the basis for the electromagnetic equations that James Clerk Maxwell developed in the 1850s and 1860s."
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- The Genius of Michael Faraday by Susan Borowski | AAAS
- Who was Michael Faraday? | The Faraday Institute
- Michael Faraday (1791) | Energy Kids | U.S. Energy Information Administration
- September 4, 1821 and August 29, 1831: Faraday and Electromagnetism | APS News
- Faraday and the Electromagnetic Theory of Light | BBVA open Mind
- James Clerk Maxwell - Did Maxwell ever meet Faraday? | Wikipedia
- The Scientific Theories of Michael Faraday and
James Clerk Maxwell | PDF File
By Shannon P. Israelsen - Purdue University
- Maxwell and Faraday
by John H. Lienhard | University of Houston
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Maxwell set the theoretical foundations of electric field theory in 1873. He says at the outset of his treatise, "Before I began the study of electricity I resolved to read no mathematics on the subject until I had first read [Faraday]."
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- Faraday's meeting with Maxwell | Video (4:18) - YouTube
The Royal Institution, London 1846 - you have to watch this; it says everything. (670 million miles per hour)
- 'Faraday, Maxwell, and the Electromagnetic Field' is a biography of brilliance by Tom Siegfried | Science News
How Two Men Revolutionized Physics, by Nancy Forbes and Basil Mahon
- Faraday, Maxwell, and the Electromagnetic Field: How Two Men Revolutionized Physics | Amazon
By Nancy Forbes (Author), Basil Mahon (Author)
- Faraday Motor – 1821 | National Mag Lab
- When Was the Electric Motor Invented? A Brief History of Electric Motors | Parvalux
- Simple Electric Motor | ETHW
- Timeline of the electric motor | Wikipedia
- 200 Years Ago, Faraday Invented the Electric Motor | IEEE Spectrum
After Faraday published his results, his mentor accused him of plagiarism.
- A Small Revolution: Michael Faraday and the Origins of the Electric Motor | Science Museum
- The Tragic Story of Thomas Davenport—Inventor of the First Electric Motor | LinkedIN
- Faraday's law of induction | Wikipedia
- Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction | BYJUS
- Faraday's Law | Hyperphysics
- Faraday's Law | LibreTexts
- What is Faraday's Law? | Khan Academy
- What are Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction? | tutoroot
- Faraday's Law | Vaia
- Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule and Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule | BYJUS
- Books by Michael Faraday | thriftbooks
- Books by Michael Faraday | 1-48 of 201 results for "Michael Faraday" | Amazon
- Books by Michael Faraday | BIBLIO
- Books by Michael Faraday | Showing 20 distinct books | goodreads
- Author:Michael Faraday | Wikisource
- On the Various Forces of Nature and their Relations to Each other | PDF File (115 pages)
- On the Various Forces of Nature and their Relations to Each other | PDF File (135 pages)
- Faraday's Diary of Experimental Investigation (1820-1862) PDF File (458 pages)
- Faraday's Diary
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These seven volumes (3,500 pages), bequeathed by Faraday to the Royal Institution of Great Britain, comprise the experimental investigations made by him during the years 1820-1862. This reproduction includes the complete first edition manuscript edited by Thomas Martin with index, photographs and thousands of illustrations by Faraday.
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- The Life and Letters of Faraday | Volume 1 by Dr. Bence Jones | PDF File (396 pages) | Cambridge Library Collection
- Lectures on the Forces of Matter, 1859 | PDF File (48 pages)
- The Genius of Michael Faraday | PDF File | CalTech Magazine
- On the various forces of nature and their relations to each other by Faraday | Project Gutenberg
- On the Various Forces of Nature and Their Relations to Each Other Paperback
By Michael Faraday (Author) | Amazon
- Michael Faraday's Concept of Ultimate Reality and Meaning | PDF File (17 pages)
By Allen R. Utke, University of Wisconsin
- Michael Faraday | Cal State East Bay
- The Genius and Faith of Faraday and Maxwell by
Ian H. Hutchinson | The New Atlantis
- Michael Faraday (22 Sep 1791 - 25 Aug 1867) | Today in Science
- A rounded view of Faraday by Jacqueline Reynolds & Charles Tanford | Nature
- Michael Faraday on Mental Discipline and How to Cure Our Propensity for Self-Deception
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Later life of Michael Faraday | Britannica
- Michael Faraday | Magnet Academy
- line of force | Britannica
- Pictures and Images of Michael Faraday | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) | MacTutor
Summary: James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish mathematician who did revolutionary work on electricity, magnetism, optics and on the kinetic theory of gases.
- James Clerk Maxwell - Scottish mathematician and physicist (1831-1879) | Britannica
- James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) | Wikipedia
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James Clerk Maxwell FRSE FRS (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish physicist with broad interests who was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon.
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- Maxwell's equations | Wikipedia
- A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field
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"A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" is a paper by James Clerk Maxwell on electromagnetism, published in 1865. In the paper, Maxwell derives an electromagnetic wave equation with a velocity for light in close agreement with measurements made by experiment, and deduces that light is an electromagnetic wave.
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- Twenty Three Years: The Acceptance of Maxwell’s Theory | Microwave Journal
- Who was James Clerk Maxwell? | James Clerk Maxwell Foundation
"The special theory of relativity owes its origins to Maxwell's equations of the electromagnetic field." Albert Einstein
- James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) | Scotish Science Hall of Fame
- Books by James Clerk Maxwell | thriftbooks
- Books by Maxwell, James Clerk | Project Gutenberg
- Online Books by James Clerk Maxwell | The Online Books Page
- Books About Maxwell | James Clerk Maxwell Foundation
- Books by James Clerk Maxwell | goodreads
- James Clerk Maxwell, Physicist and Philosopher
- Maxwell, James Clerk | A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1873 | Sophia/Rare Books
- James Clerk Maxwell and the Christian Proposition by Ian Hutchinson | MIT
- The Published Scientific Papers and Books of James Clerk Maxwell | PDF File - StrangeBeautiful
- The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell | Cambridge
- James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) | Molecular Expressions
Excerpt: "In 1862 Maxwell wrote: 'We can scarcely avoid the conclusion that light consists in the
transverse undulations of the same medium which is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena.'"
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- James Clerk Maxwell: a force for physics | Physics World
- Maxwell’s equations | Britannica
- Maxwell's Equations
- Maxwell's equations | Wikipedia
- Maxwell's Four Laws | Video - YouTube
- Maxwell's Equations | Hyperphysics
- Maxwell's Equations And Electromagnetic Theory: A Beginners Guide | Video - YouTube
- James Clerk Maxwell, the man who changed the world forever II | UNESCO
- An Overview of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’ Theories of Light, Ether, and Electromagnetic Waves
- Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed | Courses Lumen Learning
- The Long Road to Maxwell's Equations by James C. Rautio
- James Clerk Maxwell: Equations that Set the Foundation for the RF Industry by Jacqueline Hochheiser | Mini-Circuits
- A Plain Explanation of Maxwell's Equations | Fiber Optics
- IEEE Milestone: Maxwell's Equations, 1860-1871 | ETHW
- Ampere: History | NIST
The story of the ampere began when a Danish physicist named Hans Christian Ørsted
discovered that magnetism and electricity were two aspects of the same thing.
- The Life of James Clerk Maxwell:by Lewis Campbell (Author), William Garnett (Author) | Amazon
With a Selection from his Correspondence and Occasional Writings and a Sketch of his
Contributions to Science (Cambridge Library Collection - Physical Sciences)
- The Life Of James Clerk Maxwell: With Selections from His Correspondence and Occasional Writings | thriftbooks
by Lewis Campbell and William Garnett
- The Man Who Changed Everything: The Life of James Clerk Maxwell | Amazon
Paperback – Illustrated, by Basil Mahon (Author)
- Audible: James Clerk Maxwell: A Life from Beginning to End by Hourly History | Narrated by Matthew J. Chandler-Smith
- The Life of James Clerk Maxwell: By Lewis Campbell, William Garnett | Wild Rumpus
With Selections From His Correspondence and Occasional Writings (Hardcover)
- On Physical Lines of Force | Wikipedia
"On Physical Lines of Force" is a four-part paper written by James Clerk Maxwell, published in 1861.
- On Physical Lines of Force | Wikisource
- On Physical Lines of Force (In Four Parts) Paperback – by James Clerk Maxwell | Amazon
- Obituary by Professor Peter Guthrie Tait, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh | PDF File
- James Clerk-Maxwell: [obituary] | Scottish Science Hall of Fame
- Pictures/images of James Clerk Maxwell | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (`857-`894) | MacTutor
Summary: Heinrich Hertz was a German physicist and mathematician
best known for his discovery of what became known as wireless waves.
- Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) | Wikipedia
Was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the
electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism.
- Heinrich Hertz | Biography | ETHW
- Heinrich Hertz | Famous Scientists
- Discovering Invisible Waves: The Life and Accomplishments of Heinrich Hertz
Blog by Jacqueline Hochheiser - Mini-Circuits
- Discovering the Electromagnetic Spectrum | Imagine the Universe - NASA
- Heinrich Hertz, Scientist Who Proved Existence of Electromagnetic Waves | Thought.co
- How Heinrich Hertz Discovered Radio to Validate Maxwell's Equations | Video (10 minutes) - YouTube
- Faraday and the Electromagnetic Theory of Light | BBVA open Mind
- Heinrich Hertz and electromagnetic radiation by Steven A. Edwards, Ph.D. | AAAS
- Heinrich Hertz | Magnet Academy
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German physicist Heinrich Hertz discovered radio waves, a milestone widely seen as confirmation of James Clerk Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory and which paved the way for numerous advances in communication technology.
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- Heinrick Rudolf Hertz (1857-1894) | Encyclopedia.com
- How Heinrich Hertz Discovered Radio Waves | Famous Scientists
- Moment 72: Heinrich Hertz Detects and Produces Radio Waves | We are Broadcasters
- The history of Heinrich Hertz and the discovery of radio waves | Article by Maiken Scott
- Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) German physicist | Britannica
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Heinrich Hertz (born February 22, 1857, Hamburg [Germany]—died January 1, 1894, Bonn, Germany) German physicist who showed that Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism was correct and that light and heat are electromagnetic radiations.
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- Explainer: How heat moves | Science News Explores
- Heinrich Hertz and electromagnetic radiation | Article by Steven A. Edwards, Ph.D. | AAAS
- Radio Wave Discovery and Use | Asheville Radio Museum
- Heinrich Hertz and Electromagnetic Waves | Video Infocobuild
- How Heinrich Hertz Discovered Radio to Validate Maxwell's Equations | Video (10 minutes) - YouTube
- Heinrich Rudolf Hertz | Slideshare | Includes text transcript
- Heinrich Hertz: A Short Life Hardcover – January 1, 1995 by C. Susskind (Author) | Amazon
- The Creation of Scientific Effects - Heinrich Hertz and Electric Waves by
Jed Z. Buchwald
The University of Chicago Press
- 1st Edition - Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857-1894) | A Collection of Articles and Addresses
Edited By Joseph E. Mulligan | Routledge
- Homage to Heinrich Hertz | PDF File - James Clerk Maxwell Foundation
- Heinrich Hertz and electromagnetic radiation | Article by Steven A. Edwards, Ph.D. | AAAS
- The Loss of World in the Image: Origin and development of the concept
of image in the thought of Herman Von Helmholtz and Heinrich Hertz | PDF File(14 pages) | PhilArchive
- Heinrich Hertz Quotes | AZ Quotes
"I do not think that the radio waves I have discovered will have any practical application."
- Pictures/images of Heinrich Rudolf Hertz | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Summary: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 was awarded jointly to Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"
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Biographical
Facts
During the 19th century important connections between electricity, magnetism and light were clarified by Hendrik Lorentz.
- Hendrik Antoon Lorentz | The Franklin Institute Awards
He developed his mathematical theory of the electron for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1902.
- Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853-1928) | Britannica
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Dutch physicist and joint winner (with Pieter Zeeman) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1902 for his theory of electromagnetic radiation, which, confirmed by findings of Zeeman, gave rise to Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity.
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- Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853-1928) | MacTutor
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Summary: Hendrik Lorentz is best known for his work on electromagnetic radiation and the FitzGerald-Lorentz contraction. As well, he developed the mathematical theory of the electron.
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- Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853-1928) Famous Scientists
He was most famous for deriving the transformation equations which formed as
the basis of Albert Einstein’s general and special theories of relativity.
- H.A. Lorentz | AIP
- Hendrik Lorentz | New World Encyclopedia
- Hendrik Lorentz | Wikipedia
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He derived the Lorentz transformation of the special theory of relativity, as well as the Lorentz force, which describes the combined electric and magnetic forces acting on a charged particle in an electromagnetic field.
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- Mechanisms, principles,and Lorentz’s cautious realism by Mathias Frisch | PDF File(21 pages)
Department of Philosophy, University of Maryland, College Park
- Between Humans and Atoms. H.A. Lorentz, Spiritual Father of Einstein | The Low Countries
By Geerdt Magiels, translated by Noor de Bruijn
- Hendrik Antoon Lorentz | Citizendium
- Hendrik Antoon Lorentz | List of Works by Lorentz | Library Thing
- The Einstein Theory of Relativity: A Concise Statement by H. A. Lorentz | Project Gutenberg
- The Einstein Theory Of Relativity: A Concise Statement (Paperback) By H. A. Lorentz | Harvard
- The Einstein theory of relativity;: A concise statement, Hardcover – January 1, 1920 by H. A Lorentz (Author) | Amazon
- The Einstein Theory Of Relativity: A Concise Statement by H. A. Lorentz | Barnes & Noble
- A Living Work of Art: The Life and Science of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz 1st Edition | Amazon
By A. J. Kox (Author), H. F. Schatz (Author)
- A Living Work of Art: The Life and Science of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz | A. J. Kox and H. F. Schatz | Oxford University Press
- A Living Work of Art: The Life and Science of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (Hardcover) By A. J. Kox, H. F. Schatz | Left Bank Books
- Author:Hendrik Antoon Lorentz | Works | Wikisource
- Collected Papers (Of Hendrik A. Lorentz) Volume Vii (1905-1927) | BIBLIO
By Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon; Preface By P. Zeeman And A. D. Fokker
- Lorentz ether theory | Wikipedia
- Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853—1928) Dutch theoretical physicist | Oxford Reference
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Lorentz extended his idea, putting it on a firmer mathematical footing, and in 1904 published in final form what became known as the Lorentz transformations. These transformations of the space and time coordinates of an event in one frame of reference to those in another frame again figured largely in Einstein's theory of special relativity (1905), in which Einstein could be said to have reinterpreted Lorentz's ideas.
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- Zeeman, Lorentz & the electron | Lorentz Institute
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Hendrik Antoon Lorentz modified and completed Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. In his theory the electric and magnetic properties of matter are interpreted in terms of the motion of charged atomic particles.
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- Physics: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz | On Truth & Reality
Albert Einstein & Wave Structure of Matter explains the Lorentz Transformations
- Ether and electrons in relativity theory (1900–1911) by Scott A. Walter | PDF File(25 pages)
- Lorentz force | Britannica
- The Ether Problem, the Mechanistic Worldview, and the Origins of the Theory of Relativity by Tetu Hirosige
PDF File(81 pages) | Published by University of California Press
- Farewell to global Lorentz frames | PDF File | MIT
- The Lorentz Transformation | LibreTexts
- What is Lorentz Transformation? | BUJUS
- Lorentz Invariance and Special Relativity | PDF File (87 pages) UFL
- Pictures/images of Hendrick Antoon Lorentz | Google Image Search Results
Each Picture is associated with a webpage or site.
Summary: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907 was awarded to Albert Abraham Michelson "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid."
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Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) | MacTutor
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Summary: Leonhard Euler was a Swiss mathematician who made enormous contibutions to a wide range of mathematics and physics including analytic geometry, trigonometry, geometry, calculus and number theory.
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Euler's Identity: ei π + 1 = 0
The Most Beautiful Equation of Math: Euler's Identity | by Le Nguyen Hoang
- Books by Leonhard Euler | 1-16 of 585 results | Amazon
- Search Result for Books by Leonhard Euler | 1-12 0f 119 | American Mathematical Society
- Opera Omnia Leonhard Euler | Wikipedia
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Opera Omnia Leonhard Euler (Leonhardi Euleri Opera omnia) is the compilation of Leonhard Euler's scientific writings. And, During his life, Euler published about 560 writings. After his death in 1783, the Petersburg Academy published more of his manuscripts until 1830, increasing his number of publications to 756.
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- The Euler Archive - Historical and Biographical Resources | MAA
- Leonard Euler's Solution to the Konigsberg Bridge Problem | MAA
- The Seven Bridges of Königsberg | Math is Fun
- Königsberg bridge problem | Britannica
|
Königsberg bridge problem, a recreational mathematical puzzle, set in the old Prussian city of Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia), that led to the development of the branches of mathematics known as topology and graph theory.
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- The Seven Bridges of Konigsberg | PDF File (75 pages) | Jermey Martin - University of Kansas
- The Seven Bridges of Königsberg | Article by Rahul Sethi | Medium
- Leonhard Euler's Books in the Analysis and Algebra | StackExchange Forum
- Leonhard Euler: Mathematical Genius in the Enlightenment
Ronald S. Calinger | Princeton University Press
This is the first full-scale biography of Leonhard Euler (1707–83),
one of the greatest mathematicians and theoretical physicists of all time.
Ronald S. Calinger is professor emeritus of history at the Catholic University of America and
the founding chancellor of the Euler Society.
- Euler: The Master of Us All by William Dunham | AMS
- History: A mathematical revolutionary by Davide Castelvecchi | Nature
He was a man of integrity who — with few exceptions — gave credit where it was due and
aintained a belief in "a harmony between written revelation and natural phenomena."
- Leonhard Euler: His Life, the Man, and His Works by Walter Gautschi | PDF File (31 pages) | Purdue University
- Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) | Molecular Expressions - FSU
- Leonhard Euler: Lifelong Curiosity by Lillie Therieau | Elephant Learning
- Euler equations | Mitsloan | PDF File
- Euler Equations | Wikipedia
- Euler Equations | KSU
- Euler Equations | Paul's Online Notes
- Euler Equations | PDF File - OKState
- Euler Equations | PDF File (14 pages) | University of Alabama
- An Overview of Euler's Equations in Fluid Dynamics
- Books by Leonhard Euler | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Search Results for "euler" on Plus Maths
- Leonhard Euler : Mathematical Genius in the Enlightenment by Calinger, Ronald S. | Abe Books
- The Early Mathematics of Leonhard Euler by C. Edward Sandifer | AMS Bookstore
- Book Review: The Boy Who Loved Math: The Improbable Life of Paul Erdös
- Images of Leonhard Euler | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736-1813) | MacTutor
Summary: Joseph-Louis Lagrange was an Italian-born French mathematician who excelled
in all fields of analysis and number theory and analytical and celestial mechanics.
Quote: If I had been rich, I probably would not have devoted myself to mathematics.
William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) | Wikipedia
Among a great deal of other things: "Hamiltonian mechanics including its Hamilitonian function
are now central both to electromagnetism and quantum mechanics."
Who is Hamilton? | The Royal Irish Academy
Franz Ulrich Theodor Aepinus (1724-1802) | Linda Hall Library
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Aepinus somehow impressed Leonhard Euler, the Swiss mathematician who had worked at the Berlin Academy of Sciences since 1741, and Aepinus was invited to join the Academy in 1755, where he lived in Euler's house and began writing a book on electricity and magnetism.
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Franz Aepinus (1724-1802) | Wikipedia
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) | MacTutor
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804-1851) | MacTutor
Carl Jacobi
German mathematician (1804-1851) | Britannica
Peter Gustav Dirichlet (1805 – 1859) | Larson
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866) | MacTutor
- Bernhard Riemann | Famous Scientists
- Bernhard Riemann German mathematician | Britannica
- Beyond the Surface of Einstein’s Relativity Lay a Chimerical Geometry | thewire
A hundred years after Einstein's theory of general relativity was announced to the world,
it's a good time to remember Georg Riemann's contributions as well.
- The Indivisible Man by Enrico Bombieri | The American Scientist
- Bernhard Riemann: Shy, Brilliant, Revolutionary by Olivia Mancuso | Medium
- Riemann’s Seminal Lecture on Non-Euclidean Geometry by Areeba Merriam | Cantor's Paradise
It later set the stage for Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
- Seeking The Geometry Of The Universe | Encyclopedia.com
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The classic work on curved-surface geometry, General Investigations of Curved Surfaces, was published by Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) in 1827. Georg Friedrich Riemann (1826-1866) was among his students.
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- Bernhard Riemann, The Mind Who Laid the Foundations for Einstein’s Theory of Relativity by Marcia Wendorf
- Bernhard Riemann | USNA
- Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann - Life by Milena Hering | Berkeley
- Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann | PDF File (8 pages) | UCDavis
- On the Hypothesis Which Lie at the Foundation of Geometry | PDF File (15 pages) | Johns Hopkins
- On the Hypotheses Which Lie at the Bases of Geometry
by Bernhard Riemann (Author), Jürgen Jost (Editor) | Amazon
- Bernhard Riemann "On the Hypotheses
Which Lie at the Bases of Geometry" Jugen Jost (editor) | PDF File (19 pages)
- The Collected Works of Bernhard Riemann by Bernhard Riemann (Author), Heinrich Weber (Editor), Hans Lewy
- Books by Bernhard Riemann | Showing 60 distinct works | goodreads
- Bernhard Riemann | Wikipedia
- A Study of Bernhard Riemann's 1859 Paper
by Terrence P. Murphy (Author) | Amazon
- A (very) Brief History of Bernhard Riemann | Video (13 minutes) - YouTube
I like to point out that as usual you'll find a few relevant videos on the righthand side.
- The Riemann Hypothesis, Explained | Video (13 minutes) - YouTube
- The Riemann Hypothesis: FAQ and resources
- Before his early death, Riemann freed geometry from Euclidean prejudices by Tom Siegfried | Science News
The originator of the famous math hypothesis also established the basis for a modern view of spacetime.
- A Journey Through Genius: The Life and Work of Bernhard Riemann by Lucas Potrykus | Medium
- Bernhard Riemann, the Ear, and an Atom of Consciousness | Springer Link
Authors: Andrew Bell, Bryn Davies & Habib Ammari
- The Magnified Universe: Cosmic Landscape in Quantum Décor by Neeti Sinha
- Bernhard Riemann's Conceptual Mathematics and the Idea of Space by Arkady Plotnitsky
PDF File (26 pages) - Purdue University
- Naturphilosophie and its Role in Riemann's Mathematics | PDF File (36 pages)
- The Mathematics of Continuous Multiplicities: | by Nathan Widder | PDF File (32 pages)
The Role of Riemann in Deleuze’s Reading of Bergson
- The Reality of Mathematics by Panos A. Ligomenides | Science Direct
- Pictures/images of Bernhard Riemann | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Hermann Minkowski (1864-1909) | Britannica
His idea of combining the three dimensions of physical space with that of time into a four-dimensional
“Minkowski space”—space-time—laid the mathematical foundations for Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity.
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- Hermann Minkowski (1864-1909) | Wikipedia
- Hermann Minkowski (1864-1909) | MacTutor
Summary: Minkowski developed a new view of space and time and laid the mathematical foundation of the theory of relativity.
- Hermann Minkowski’s Spacetime: The Theory that Einstein Overlooked by David Nolte | Galileo Unbound
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Excerpt: “Gentlemen! The views of space and time which I wish to lay before you … They are radical. Henceforth space by itself, and time by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows, and only a kind of union of the two will preserve an independent reality.” - Herman Minkowski (1908)
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- Max Born, Albert Einstein and Hermann Minkowski's Space-Time Formalism
of Special Relativity
PDF File (11 pages) | by Galina Weinstein
- Hermann Minkowski, Albert Einstein and Four-dimensional Space-time | Reason and Reflection
- Einstein’s top professor didn’t believe in his abilities | Big Think
- Relativity Prioroity Dispute | Wikipedia
- The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Principle of Relativity
Original Papers by A. Einstein and H. Minkowski | Projet Gutenberg
- The influence of David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski on Eisntein's views over the Interrelation bewtween physics and mathematics.
PDF File - Tel Aviv University
- Hermann Minkowski Pioneers The Concept Of A Four-Dimensional Space-Time Continuum | Encyclopedia.com
- Hermann Minkowski | Linda Hall Library
- Hermann Minkowski and the four-dimensional Space-Time | SciHi.org
Includes video on Minkowski space and Special Relativity.
- Space And Time Are One - Minkowski Spacetime Explained | Video - YouTube
- Minkowski Space | Science Direct
In Minkowski space, particles travel in straight lines unless they are acted on by a force.
- What is Minkowski Space? | turito.com
- Minkowski Space | Wikipedia
- A Space-Time Cocktail: Minkowski Space and Special Relativity | The Physics Mill
- The 4-Dimensional World View | PDF File (37 pages) | College of Charleston
- Birthday Special: The Life And Work Of Hermann Minkowski | Secrets of the Universe
The man behind the mathematics of speical relativity.
- Hermann Minkowski Quote | LibQuote
- AZ Quotes | Hermann Minkowski
"The mathematical education of the young physicist [Albert Einstein]
was not very solid, which I am in a good position to evaluate since
he obtained it from me in Zurich some time ago."
Hermann Minkowski
- Hermann Minkowski and the scandal of spacetime by Scott A. Walt | PDF File
- Mathematical Treasure: Minkowski's Collected Papers | Frank J. Swetz | MAA
- The Principle of Relativity (Dover Books on Physics) by Albert Einstein (Author), Francis A. Davis (Author) | Amazon
- The Principle of Relativity: Original Papers by Albert Einstein, Hermann Minkowski | Google Books
- The Principle of Relativity; Original Papers by A. Einstein and H. Minkowski. | Barnes & Noble
Translated Into English by M.N. Saha and S.N. Bose; With a Historical
Introd. by P.C. Mahalanobis by Albert Einstein, Hermann Minkowski
- The Principle of Relativity: A Collection of Original Memoirs on the Special and General Theory of Relativity
Authors: Einstein, Albert, Lorentz, H. A., Minkowski, Hermann
- Hermann Minkowski Institute for Foundational Studies
- Spacetime: Minkowski's Papers on Spacetime Physics by Hermann Minkowski, Vesselin Petkov (Editor) | goodreads
- Space and Time (1920) by Hermann Minkowski, translated from German by Meghnad Saha and Wikisource
A Lecture delivered before the Naturforscher Versammlung
(Congress of Natural Philosophers) at Cologne — (21st September, 1908).
- Relativity and Black Holes - Spacetime and the Interval
- Einstein's Spacetime
- Dirichlet’s principle - A minimum of blind calculation
Minkowski formulated what he called the "second Dirichlet principle" as “problems should be
conquered with a minimum of blind calculations and a maximum of enlightening thoughts”.
- Pictures of Hermann Minkowski | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Albert Einstein's Site Online
Walther Nernst, Albert Einstein, Max Planck, Robert Millikan, and Max von Laue in Berlin, 1931
- Arthur Eddington | MacTutor
- Arthur Eddington (1882-1944) | Wikipedia
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Around 1920, he foreshadowed the discovery and mechanism of nuclear fusion processes in stars, in his paper "The Internal Constitution of the Stars".[3][4] At that time, the source of stellar energy was a complete mystery; Eddington was the first to correctly speculate that the source was fusion of hydrogen into helium.
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- Eddington, Lemaître and the hypothesis of cosmic expansion in 1927 | PDF File (13 pages)
- Arthur Eddington | Britannica
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In Science and the Unseen World (1929) he declared that the world’s meaning could not be discovered from science but must be sought through apprehension of spiritual reality. He expressed this belief in other philosophical books: The Nature of the Physical World (1928), New Pathways of Science (1935), and The Philosophy of Physical Science (1939).
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- Arthur Eddington,
(1882–1944) Encyclopedia.com
- Studying the stars, testing relativity: Sir Arthur Eddington | The European Space Agency
- The man who made Einstein world-famous | Article by Matthew Stanley | BBC
- Arthur Eddington, the Man Who Invented Einstein | BBVA Open Mind
- The Internal Constitution of the Stars (Cambridge Science Classics) by Arthur S. Eddington (Author) | Amazon
The publication of The Internal Constitution of the Stars by Arthur Eddington in 1926
was a major landmark in the development of modern theoretical astrophysics.
- The Internal Constitution of the Stars | Arthur S. Eddington | Cambridge University Press
- The Internal Constitution of the Stars | Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington | Google Books
- The Internal Constitution of the Stars, by Prof. A. S. Eddington, M.A., M.Sc., F.R.S | September 2, 1920 | PDF File - Nature
- Content Spotlight: "The Internal Constitution of the Stars" | Fuse.Net
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2020 is a special year for nuclear fusion. Exactly one hundred years ago, Sir Arthur Eddington published his “The Internal Constitution of the Stars”. A speculative text on the nature of stellar power generation, it laid the groundwork for our understanding of the physical process of nuclear fusion as we know and love it today.
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- Books by Arthur Eddington | 1 to 16 of 36 | Amazon
- Books by Arthur Stanley Eddington | thriftbooks
- Online Books by Arthur Stanley Eddington | The Online Books Page
- Project Gutenberg’s Space, Time and Gravitation, by A. S. Eddington | PDF File(219 pages)
- Stars and Atoms. by Eddington, A.S - 1927
by Eddington, A.S | Biblio
- Stars and Atoms Paperback – by A S Eddington (Author) | Amazon
- Stars and Atoms Paperback – by A. S. Eddington | Google Books
- Stars and Atoms - Free Download | Internet Archive
- Arthur S. Eddington, The Nature of the Physical World: Gifford Lectures of 1927, An Annotated Edition
Cambridge Scholars Publishing
- Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington | Video (1:33:41) - Einstein and Eddington | InfCoBuild
- The Mathematical Theory of Relativity 2nd Edition
by A. S. Eddington (Author) | Amazon
- The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mathematical Theory of Relativity
By Arthur Stanley Eddington | PDF File(448 pages)
- The Mathematical Theory of Relativity by A. S. Eddington | Cambridge University Press
- Einstein, Eddington and the 1919 eclipse | Nature
Peter Coles weighs up three books on the momentous expedition that proved the general theory of relativity.
- Arthur Eddington facts for kids | Kids Encyclopedia Facts
- Feature: Explorer of Stars and Souls: Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington | PhysicsWorld
- Arthur Stanley Eddington 1882-1944 | PDF File (14 pages) | Royal Society Publishing
- Arthur Eddington | Wikiquote
- The solar eclipse that proved Einstein right | EarthSky
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Back in the day of the 1919 eclipse, Sir Arthur Eddington attended a dinner of the same organization – RAS – shortly after the successful expedition. He then showed his humorous side by reciting a verse he had written on the feat:
Oh leave the wise our measures to collate
One thing at least is certain, light has weight
One thing is certain and the rest debate
Light rays, when near the sun, do not go straight.
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- The May 29, 1919, Solar Eclipse | Dyer Observatory - Vanderbilt University
- The 1919 eclipse results that verified general relativity and their later detractors: a story re-told | The Royal Society Publishing
- Eddington experiment | Wikipedia
- Relativity and the 1919 eclipse | ESA
- May 29, 1919: A Major Eclipse, Relatively Speaking | Wired Magazine
- May 29, 1919: Eddington Observes Solar Eclipse to Test General Relativity | APS News
- 100 years on: the pictures that changed our view of the universe | The Guardian
- Who Invented Fusion? | ITER
- "The Nature of the Physical World" by Sir A.S. Eddington | PDF File(192 pages) | Cambridge University Press
- Arthur S. Eddington | The Nature of the Physical World | Gifford Lectures of 1927: An Annotated Edition
PDF File(30 pages) | Cambridge Scholars
- The Nature of the Physical World (Hardcover) The Nature of the Physical World By A. S. Eddington | Rediscovered Books
- On the Eddington limit and Wolf-Rayet stars | Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Arthur Eddington | Physics of the Universe
- "Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington: With Stars in His Eyes" by Dr. Kirk Korista | Video (1:43:46) - YouTube
- Eddington and Einstein, scientists and wartime visionaries by Jeffrey Crelinsten
- Eddington and Einstein by John Stachel | Springer Link
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Excerpt: "Then I shall discuss Eddington's approach to relativity and his unified theory of gravitation and electromagnetism which played a significant role in shaping Einstein's subsequent work on unified field theories."
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- Einstein and Eddington | Article by Brian Koberlein
- May 29, 1919: The Animated Story of How Eddington’s Historic Eclipse Expedition Confirmed Relativity,
Catapulted Einstein into Celebrity, and United Humanity by Maria Popova
- In ‘Proving Einstein Right,’ Brown physicist recounts perilous expeditions by early eclipse chasers
- Arthur Stanley Eddington 1892-1944 | Conscientious Objectors | Remembering the Men Who said NO
- Pictures of Arthur Stanley Eddington | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 was awarded to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him."
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- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923) | Biographical
- The First Ever Nobel Prize in Physics by Merry Janson | Cantor's Paradise - Medium
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the discovery of the X-rays | Video - YouTube
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923) | Wikipedia
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the discovery of X-rays | PubMed
- Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen: Father Of Diagnostic Radiography
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | Britannica
- The Life of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Discoverer of the X Ray Hardcover – by W. Robert Nitske (Author) | Amazon
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the discovery of X-rays
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology
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In addition to the discovery of X-rays, Röntgen is credited with three standard components that are currently used in X-ray analysis: The fluorescent screen, the photographic plate, and a prototype of the ionization chamber method.
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- Discovery of the X-RAY: A New Kind of Invisible Light | National Museum of Health and Medicina
- History of Medicine: Dr. Roentgen’s Accidental X-Rays | Columbia
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"News of his discovery spread worldwide, and within a year, doctors in Europe and the United States were using X-rays to locate gun shots, bone fractures, kidney stones and swallowed objects. Honors for his work poured in--including the first Nobel Prize in physics in 1901."
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- The History of X-Rays: How an Accidental Discovery Changed the World | Professional Radiology
- German scientist discovers X-rays | History Channel
- November 8, 1895: Roentgen's Discovery of X-Rays | APS: American Physical Society
- Pioneers in Science: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | Advanced Science News
He is considered the father of diagnostic radiology, a medical field which diagnoses disease through imaging.
- Classic Chemistry | Compiled by Carmen Giunta of LeMoyne College
- Wilhelm Röntgen and the Rays That Changed Our View of the World | BBVA Open Mind
- November 8, 1895: Roentgen's Discovery of X-Rays | APS News
Few scientific breakthroughs have had as immediate an impact as Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen's discovery
of X-rays, a momentous event that instantly revolutionized the fields of physics and medicine.
- Featured History: Wilhelm Röntgen | University of Washington Medicine
- The Life of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen by Peter B. Riesz1 | PDF File
- Wilhelm Röntgen | Famous Scientists
- Wilhem Rontgen | Atomic Heritage Foundation
- Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen | Google Arts & Culture
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen - Book: A Shining Life for Science by Uwe Busch | Springer
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen: A Shining Life for Science
by Uwe Busch | thriftbooks
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen: A Shining Life for Science by Uwe Busch | Libris
- Claims of priority – The scientific path to the discovery of X-rays by Uwe Busch | Science Direct
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the Discovery of X-Rays | Spectroscopy
- The Human Side of Science | by Otto Glasser Ph.D. | PDF File
- Spectacular rediscovery of the original prints of radiographs Roentgen sent to Lorentz in 1896 | Springer
- Book Reviews | Ishrad
Here you can find links to reviews of books covering the history of radiology in the broad sense.
- When the invisible was made visible
Wilhelm C. Röntgen died in Munich 100 years ago, on 10 February 1923.
We talk to historian of science Kärin Nickelsen about the discoverer of X-rays.
- Rontgen (Roentgen), Wilhelm Conrad | Encyclopedia.com
- Pictures/images of Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 was divided, one half awarded to Antoine Henri Becquerel "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity", the other half jointly to Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, née Sklodowska "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"
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- Henri Becquerel - (1852-1908) Biographical | Nobel Prize
- Facts
- Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) | Britannica
- Henri Becquerel and the Discovery of Radioactivity by Paul Bowersox | Nuclear Cafe
We now know that the uranium was emitting a wide range of energy
besides X-rays,
in a spontaneous process soon to become known as radioactivity.
- Henri Becquerel | Atomic Energy Foundation
- Antoine Henri Becquerel | Michigan State University
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Excerpt: "Later, Becquerel demonstrated that the radiation emitted by uranium shared certain characteristics with X rays but, unlike X rays, could be deflected by a magnetic field and therefore must consist of charged particles."
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- Henri Becquerel | New World Encyclopedia
- Scientist of the Day: Henri Becquerel | Linda Hall Library
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Excerpt: "In February of 1896, Becquerel was studying the phosphorescence of various minerals, including some salts of uranium. X-rays had just been discovered the month before, and Becquerel was trying to see if phosphorescent materials produced X-rays."
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- March 1, 1896: Henri Becquerel Discovers Radioactivity | APS Advancing Physics
- Henri Becquerel | Famous Scientists
- Henri Becquerel | Wikipedia
- The Discovery of Radioactivity | LBL Archive
- Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852–1908): a scientist who endeavored to discover natural radioactivity | Springer
Authors: Masaru Sekiya & Michio Yamasaki
- Author : Antoine-Henri Becquerel | Wikisource
- Henri Becquerel and the Serendipitous Discovery of Radioactivity by Alane Lim | Thoughtco
- Discovery of Radioactivity | LibreTexts
- Radioactivity Discovered - article by Bill Griffith | Royal Society of Chemistry
Becquerel's pioneering work on radioactivity led to Rutherford's work, among others', on the disintegration of the elements.
- A Penetrating Effect: From Becquerel’s Serendipity to A Scientific Knowledge | PDF File
By Jethromel M. Meneses - University of the Philippines| Phil Archive
- Modern Atomic Theory: Radioactive Materials
- Elements and Atoms: Chapter 17 - Discovery of Radioactivity: Becquerel
- One Hundred Years after the Discovery of Radioactivity
Edited by: P. Adloff, K. Lieser and G. Stöcklin | de Gruyter
- One Hundred Years after the Discovery of Radioactivity 1st Edition | Amazon
By P. Adloff (Author, Editor), K. Lieser (Author, Editor), G. Stöcklin (Author, Editor)
- Henri Becquerel’s discovery of radioactivity – 125 years later | Science Direct
- In Praise of Mistakes | Article: Mike Lockwood | Frontiers
- The Discovery of Radioactivity | Purdue Unversity
- Remarkable pictures of Henri Becquerel and others
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Marie Curie (1867-1934) | Britannica
- Marie Curie (1867-1934) | Wikipedia
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 was divided, one half awarded to Antoine Henri Becquerel "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity", the other half jointly to Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, née Sklodowska "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"
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- Marie Curie | Biographical
- Marie Curie - Facts
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 was awarded to Marie Curie, née Sklodowska "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element"
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- Marie Curie - Facts
- Marie Curie | Story - Women who changed science | Nobel Prize
- Marie Curie - Physicist & Chemist | American Heritage Foundation
- Marie Curie
7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934 by Eleanor Parsons | New Scientist
Winner of two Nobel prizes and the first woman to ever win a Nobel
- Marie Curie: A Life by Susan Quinn | Plunkett Lake Press
- Marie Sklodowska Curie | Science History Institute
One of the most recognizable figures in science, “Madame Curie” has captured the public imagination
for more than 100 years and inspired generations of women scientists.
- The life and legacy of Marie Curie. | NCBI - NLM
- Marie Curie - Timeline - Physics History Network - AIP
- Discover the Incredibler Life and Work of Marie Curie | Google Arts and Culture by Musee Curie
- Marie Curie's Double Nobel | PDF available | Earthdate
- When Marie Curie Was Almost Excluded From Winning the Nobel Prize by Liz Heinecke
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Three of these four men were familiar enough with the Curies’ work to know perfectly well that it was Marie who had discovered radioactivity in pitchblende and single-handedly isolated radium.
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- Marie Curie | History of Scientific Women
- The Great Invention of Marie Curie | BBVA Open Mind
- Marie Curie - Women Heroes | National Geographic Kids
- Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity - Polish Girlhood (1867-1891) Nationa and Family | History AIP
- Curie (1867) | U.S. Energy Information Administration
- What did Marie Curie Discover? | The Collector
- Books by and about Marie Curie | Amazon
- Madame Curie by Eve Curie | Barnes & Noble
- Books by Marie Curie | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Books about Marie Curie | Playbook Scholars LLC - Bookshop.org
- Marie Curie: Chemistry, Physics, and Radioactivity by Michele Feder | Khan Academy
- Marie Curie: The Strange Case of Cherenkov Radiation | Cherenkov Telescope Array
- Obsessive genius: The inner world of Marie Curie by Barbara Goldsmith | Reviewed by Kathryn Calame
- The Life of Marie Curie by Ronald Bachman | Library of Congress
- A Glow in the Dark, and a Lesson in Scientific Peril by Denise Grady | The New York Times
- Obituary: Mme. Curie Is Dead; Martyr to Science - Published Novemebr 3, 2010 | The New York Times
- Mme. Curie Is Dead; Martyr to Science: The New York Times’ Stirring Obituary for Marie Curie by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Tragedy and Adjustment (1906-1910) | History Aip
- Pictures of Marie Curie | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 | Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 was awarded jointly to Frédéric Joliot and Irène Joliot-Curie
"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements"
- Irène Joliot-Curie (1897-1956) - Biographical
- Irène Joliot-Curie - Facts
- Frédéric Joliot - Facts
- Chemical evidence of the transmutation of elements
Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1935 | Frederic Joliot | PDF File(5 pages)
- Joliot, Frédéric | Encyclopedia.com
- Irène and Frèderic Joliot Curie: Radioactivity à la carte
- Leo Szilard Biography (1898-1964) | Atomic Archive
- Leo Szilard (1898-1964) | Britannica
- Leo Szilard | Timeline | AIP
- Leo Szilard | New World Encyclopedia
- Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard by Silvan Schweber | Gale Academic
- Leo Szilard | Wikipedia
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He conceived the nuclear chain reaction in 1933, patented the idea in 1936, and in late 1939 wrote the letter for Albert Einstein's signature that resulted in the Manhattan Project that built the atomic bomb.
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- Leo Szilard | The Manhattan Project
- Leo Szilard | Atomic Heritage Foundation
- Leo Szilard, Creator of Manhattan Project, Opposed Use of Atomic Bomb by Robert Longley | ThoughtCo
- "Destroyer of Worlds": The Making of an Atomic Bomb | National WWII Museum
- The Story of the Atomic Bomb | EHistory
- The First Reactor | PDF File (51 pages) | U.S. Department of Energy
- Feb, 11, 1939: Lise Meitner, 'Our Madame Curie' | Wired Magazine
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1939: Austrian-born physicist Lise Meitner publishes her discovery that atomic nuclei split during some uranium reactions. Her research will be overlooked by the Nobel committee when it awards a prize for the work. Meitner is a prominent example of a woman whose gender put her in the back seat when the top prize was given.
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- The age of radiance: the epic rise and dramatic fall of the atomic era by Craig Nelson | Smithsonian
- The Age of Radiance: The Epic Rise and Dramatic Fall of the Atomic Era - Paperback – by Craig Nelson (Author) | Amazon
- The Age of Radiance: The Epic Rise and Dramatic Fall of the Atomic Era - Hardcover – by Craig Nelson (Author) | Amazon
- The Age of Radiance
The Epic Rise and Dramatic Fall of the Atomic Era by Craig Nelson | Simon & Schuster
- Leo Szilard Papers, 1898 - 1998 (MSS 32) | Library UCSD
- Leo Szilard, The Reluctant Father of the Atomic Bomb | PDF File (12 pages) | Library UCSD
- Szilard’s eureka moment | IOP: Institute of Physics
- Leo Szilard | Biography | Famous Scientists
- The Many Worlds of Leo Szilard | Video (1:41:22) - American Physical Society - YouTube
- Leo Szilard: the physicist who envisaged nuclear weapons but later opposed their use |
History - Physics World
- The first nuclear reactor, explained | UChicago News
- The Science Behind the First Nuclear Chain Reaction, Artemis Spyrou and Wolfgang Mittig, The Conversation
Which Ushered in the Atomic Age 75 Years Ago | Smithsonian Magazine - Leo Szilard and the Nuclear Power Patent by Rosemond Ho - Stanford University
- The First Pile by Corbin Allardice and Edward R. Trapnell | PDF File (7 pages)
- 10 Intriguing Facts About the World's First Nuclear Chain Reaction | Office of Nuclear Energy
- Gene Dannen's Homepage
"Hi, I’m Gene Dannen. I live in Corvallis, Oregon, USA. I’ve spent decades researching the life of Leo Szilard."
- Leo Szilard (1898-1964) | Jewish Virtual Library
- The Einstein-Szilard Refrigerator | Lemelson Center
- The Voice of the Dolphins: And Other Stories - Paperback – by Leo Szilard (Author) | Amazon
- The Voice of the Dolphins and Other Stories by Leo Szilard | goodreads
- Books by Leo Szilard | Amazon
- The Collected Works of Leo Szilard Scientific Papers by Leo Szilard | MIT Press
- The Collected Works of Leo Szilard: | Google Books
His Version of the Facts: Selected Recollections and Correspondence, Volume 2
- Leo Szilard - Books and articles | Gene Dannen
- Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, the Man Behind the Bomb | Barnes & Noble
By William Lanouette, Bela Silard
- Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, the Man Behind the Bomb | goodreads
by William Lanouette, Bela Silard
- Leo Szilard: The Conscience of a Scientist by Tristram Coffin | PDF File - UCSD
- Article: Prescience and Conscience: Leó Szilárd (1898-1964) | PDF File - Euorphysics News
- Mankind's strange love of superweapons | Article by Gregg Herken | Nature
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Excerpt: "Szilard was arguably the first to envisage how a nuclear weapon might be made. 'You know what fission means,' he confided to fellow physicist Edward Teller in early 1939, 'it means bombs.'"
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- Szilard Petition | Atomic Herittage Foundation - Nuclear Museum
- The Szilard Hypothesis on the Nature of Aging Revisited | Published May, 2009 - Genetics - Oxford Academic
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Excerpt: "This year marks the 50th anniversary of a nearly forgotten hypothesis on aging by Leo Szilard, best known for his pioneering work in nuclear physics, his participation in the Manhattan Project during World War II, his opposition to the nuclear arms race in the postwar era, and his pioneering ideas in biology."
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- Why the world needs more Leo Szilards | The Curious Wavefunction
- Why the world needs more Leo Szilards | by Ashutosh Jogalekar | Scientific American
- Leo Szilard’s Failed Quest to Build a Ruling Class | Article - Paladium
- An End to History:
Science Fiction in the Nuclear Age | Simon Fraser University
- Thomas Merton and Leo Szilard: A Brief Meeting at the Intersection of Science and Religion | PDF File
- Manhattan Project Scientists: Leo Szilard | National Park Service
- Leo Szilard, 1898-1964: A biographical memoir by
Eugene Paul Wigner | goodreads
- Leo Szilard Dies; A-Bomb Physicist | The New York Times
- Pictures of Leo Szilard et al | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944 was awarded to Otto Hahn "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"
- Otto Hahn (1879-1968) - Biographical
- Award ceremony speech: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944
Presentation Speech by Professor A. Westgren, Chairman of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry
of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, on December 10, 1945.
- From the natural transmutations of uranium to its artificial fission |
Nobel Lecture, December 13, 1946 | PDF File(16 pages)
→ Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry, 1913. →
- Otto Hahn (1879-1968) | Wikipedia
In 1938, Hahn, Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassmann discovered nuclear fission, for which Hahn received the
1944 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Nuclear fission was the basis for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.
- Discovery of nuclear fission in Berlin 1938 | Article by D. Hilscher | PDF File(12 pages) | IAS
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Abstract: The story of the discovery of nuclear fission, one of the most exciting stories of how a scientific puzzle was finally solved and how the scientists involved were blind to many obvious indications, is described.
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- Otto Hahn
German chemist ((1879-1968) | Britannica
- Otto Hahn - Nuclear Chemist Germany - Nobel Prize Winner | American Heritage Foundation
Hahn was a pioneer in the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry
and is widely regarded as the “father of nuclear chemistry.”
- Otto Hahn (1879 - 1968) | Atomic Archive
- Otto Hahn | Blog Post | Europeana
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Includes two videos: one is (12:18), "Otto Hahn on Radiochemistry and the Fission of Uranium at the Lindau Nobel Prize Winners meeting," and the other (57:46), "Otto Hahn about Memories of Works that Went Differently than Planned" | Unfortunately, they're in German.
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- Otto Hahn
President of the Max Planck Society from 1946 to 1960 | MPG
- Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, and Fritz Strassmann | Science History Institute
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In 1938 Hahn, Meitner, and Strassmann became the first to recognize that the uranium atom, when bombarded by neutrons, actually split. Hahn received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944.
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- Otto Hahn | First president of the Harnack House, Conference Venue of the Max Planck Society
- Otto Hahn | Totally History
- Otto Hahn: A scientific autobiography Hardcover – January 1, 1966 by Otto Hahn (Author) | Amazon
- Otto Hahn: Achievement and Responsibility (Paperback) by J. M. Cole (Translator), Klaus Hoffmann | Aaron's Books
- Otto Hahn: Achievement and Responsibility / Edition 1 by Klaus Hoffmann, J.M. Cole | Barnes & Noble
- Otto Hahn: Achievement and Responsibility (Paperback) by J. M. Cole (Translator), Klaus Hoffmann | Harvard Book Store
- HAHN, Otto - Applied Radiochemistry | Peter Harrington: Rare Books
The George Fisher Baker Non-Resident Lectureship in Chemistry at Cornell University.
- Otto Hahn and the Story of Nuclear Fission (Unlocking the Secrets of Science) by Jim Whiting | Amazon
- Otto Hahn – the Father of Nuclear Chemistry | SciHi.org
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In 1945 Otto Hahn was announced as the winner of the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Some American historians have documented their view of the discovery of nuclear fission and believe Meitner should have been awarded the Nobel Prize with Hahn.
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- For the Sake of Science | Article by Michal Meyer | Science History
Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner navigated a life of science through war and peace.
- Otto Hahn - Scientist of the Day | Linda Hall Library
- The Discovery of Fission -
Berlin, Germany (1938-1939) | The Manhattan Project
- December 1938: Discovery of Nuclear Fission | APS News
Hahn won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1944, but Meitner was
never recognized for her important role in the discovery of fission.
- Prof. Dr. Otto Hahn > Research Profile | Article by Luisa Bonolis | Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings
- Otto Hahn | Scientific Library
- Hahn, Meitner and the discovery of nuclear fission | Feature by Mike Sutton | Chemistry World
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"Eighty years ago, Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner made a discovery that led to nuclear weapons – yet Meitner was never given the recognition she deserved."
Also, "When Meitner fled from Nazi persecution in 1938, Hahn gave her his mother’s diamond ring to bribe a border guard with."
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- Otto Hahn (1879-1968) | Article by M. Ebert | PDF File | Taylor & Francis
- Otto Hahn and the Mainau Declaration of 1955 | Max Planck Society
- Pictures of Otto Hahn | Google Image Search Results
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
- Lise Meitner
Austrian physicist (1878-1968) | Britannca
During this time she was invited to work on the Manhattan Project (1942–45) in the United States.
Meitner opposed the atomic bomb, however, and she rejected the offer.
- Lise Meitner (1878-1968) | Wikipedia
- Otto Hahn - Nuclear Chemist Germany - Nobel Prize Winner | American Heritage Foundation
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"Lise Meitner and her nephew, Otto Frisch, in Sweden, came to the same conclusion and were able to work out the basic mathematics of nuclear fission–the term that was coined by Frisch. Over the next few months, Meitner and Frisch published two articles discussing and experimentally confirming this hypothesis."
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- Feb, 11, 1939: Lise Meitner, 'Our Madame Curie' | Wired Magazine
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"1939: Austrian-born physicist Lise Meitner publishes her discovery that atomic nuclei split during some uranium reactions. Her research will be overlooked by the Nobel committee when it awards a prize for the work. Meitner is a prominent example of a woman whose gender put her in the back seat when the top prize was given."
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- February 11, 1939: Meitner/Frisch paper on nuclear fission | APS News
- Lise Meitner, who helped unlock the secrets of the nucleus of atoms | epace pour la vie Montreal
- Lise Meitner | A Battle for Ultimate Truth | SDSC
- Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics by Ruth Lewin Sime (Author) | University of California Press
- Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics / Edition 1
by Ruth Lewin Sime | Barnes & Noble
- Fission Girl: Lise Meitner's Escape from Nazi Germany and Her Role in the Manhattan Project
Paperback – by Melanie Fine (Author) | Amazon
- Women of the Manhattan Project: Lise Meitner | National Park Service
- Lise Meitner - Physicist - Hanford, WA | Atomic Heritage Foundation
- Opinion: Lauding Lise Meitner, Who Said ‘No’ to the Atomic Bomb | Article by Olivia Campbell | Undark Magazine
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Quote by Meitner: "Science makes people reach selflessly for truth and objectivity," she asserted in 1953. "It teaches people to accept reality, with wonder and admiration, not to mention the deep joy and awe that the natural order of things brings to the true scientist."
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- Female Scientists of the Manhattan Project | NPS
- Lise Meitner
7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968 | New Scientist
An Austrian-Swedish physicist who co-discovered nuclear fission before fleeing the Nazis.
- Women in Radiation History: Lise Meitner | EPA
- Lise Meitner
1878–1968 | Article by Patricia Rife | Jewish Women's Archive
- Lise Meitner Symposium — Panel 1: The Life and work of Lise Meitner | Video (1:57:38) - YouTube
Panel 2 is available on YouTube's page on the right.
- Why the ‘Mother of the Atomic Bomb’ Never Won a Nobel Prize | Article by Katrina Miller | The New York Times
- Lise Meitner | Brief but to the point | Stanford
- Lise Meitner | A Battle for Ultimate Truth | University of California San Diego
- Lise Meitner: A Noble Scientist | Article by Olivia Fraser Barsby | 4 Mar 2021 | McGill University
- How Pioneering Physicist Lise Meitner Discovered Nuclear Fission,
Paved the Way for Women in Science, and Was Denied the Nobel Prize
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
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In the fall of 1946, a South African little girl aspiring to be a scientist wrote to Einstein and ended her letter with a self-conscious entreatment: "I hope you will not think any the less of me for being a girl!" Einstein responded with words of assuring wisdom that resonate to this day: "I do not mind that you are a girl, but the main thing is that you yourself do not mind. There is no reason for it."
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- Lise Meitner – the forgotten woman of nuclear physics who deserved a Nobel Prize
Article by Timothy J. Jorgensen - Professor Georgetown University
- Lise Meitner's fantastic explanation: Nuclear Fission | Article by Paul Bowersox | Nuclear Newswire
Meitner's nephew, Otto Robert Frisch, said that Meitner's university teacher, Ludwig Boltzmann,
"gave her the vision of physics as a battle for the ultimate truth, a vision she never lost."
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- December 1938: Discovery of Nuclear Fission | APS News
Hahn won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1944, but Meitner was
never recognized for her important role in the discovery of fission.
- Lise Meitner | Linda Hall Library
- Portrait of Lise Meitner | Max Planck Society
- Pictures of Lise Meitner et al | Google Image Search Results
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
- J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967) | New World Encyclopedia
- J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967) | Britannica
- J. Robert Oppenheimer(1904-1967) | Wikipedia
- Robert Oppenheimer in LIFE
- Closer look at ‘father of atomic bomb’ | The Harvard Gazette
- Manhattan Project | New World Encyclopedia
- J. Robert Oppenheimer: Life, Work, and Legacy | IAS
- J. Robert Oppenheimer’s Defense of Humanity | IAS - Source: Wall Street Journal
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After helping invent the atomic bomb, the physicist spent decades thinking about how to preserve civilization from technological dangers, offering crucial lessons for the age of AI.
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- Remarks Upon Presenting the Fermi Award to Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer | Dec.2, 1963 | UCSB
- Robert Oppenheimer's Partnership with the Father of the Nuclear Age, Enrico Fermi, Explained
- Who is Oppenheimer? The controversial man behind the atomic bomb
Article by Erin Blakemore | June 27, 2023 - National Geographic
- Oppenheimer's Fall | Atomic Archive
- J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967) | People and Discoveries - PBS
- ‘Now I Am Become Death, the Destroyer of Worlds.’ The Story of Oppenheimer’s Infamous Quote | WIRED
- ‘Now I am become Death, the Destroyer of Worlds’ – the Bhagavad Gita explained | The Conversation
- Scientists and the Bomb: 'The Destroyer of Worlds' | Global Zero
- J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904 - 1967) | Biographies | Atomic Archive
- Who Were the Manhattan Project Scientists? | Norwich University
- The Ruin of J. Robert Oppenheimer: and the Birth of the Modern Arms Race | Amazon
Hardcover – by Priscilla McMillan (Author)
- J. Robert Oppenheimer - Los Alamos Lab Director
Los Alamos, NM | Nuclear Museum
- Biography of J. Robert Oppenheimer, Director of the Manhattan Project
Article by Jennfer Rosenberg | Thoughtco
- Series: The Life of J. Robert Oppenheimer | Manhattan Project National Historical Park
- 'Oppenheimer' True Story: All About the Real Events That Inspired the Christopher Nolan Film
Article by Stephanie Kaloi _ People
- Oppenheimer’s Farewell Speech | Atomic Herittage Foundation - Nuclear Museum
- Life Lessons From J Robert Oppenheimer | Article by Bruce Dorminey | Includes very brief video of Trinity explosion | Forbes
- The Lessons of J. Robert Oppenheimer by G. Pascal Zachary | Issues in Science & Technology
Review of Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center by Ray Momnk
- Christopher Nolan and the Contradictions of J. Robert Oppenheimer | Article by Dennis Overbye | The New York Times
- Oppenheimer's Dilemma | Essay by Tim Anderson | Stanford University
- A Tragic Life: Oppenheimer and the Bomb | Article by Peter J. Kuznick | Arms Control Association
- When Oppenheimer, 'Father of the Atomic Bomb,' Was Blacklisted | History.com
After leading development of the first atomic bomb, J. Robert Oppenheimer
called for international controls on nuclear weapons. It cost him his job.
- Political Authority or Atomic Celebrity? | Wilson Center
The Influence of J. Robert Oppenheimer on American Nuclear Policy after the Second World War.
- Why American culture fixates on the tragic image of J. Robert Oppenheimer, | The Conversation
the most famous man behind the atomic bomb
- In the Shadow of Oppenheimer | Article by Joshua Wheeler & Reto Sterchi | Science History Institute
How popular narratives of the atomic age obscure the bomb’s first victims.
- The Eccentricities of J. Robert Oppenheimer | Essay by Jorgen Veisdal | Privatdozent
- A timeline of Oppenheimer and his legacy
By Dan Drollette Jr. | Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
- Oppenheimer: What led to the physicist's downfall? by Christie Taylor | Includes 25-minute podcast | New Scientist
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In this episode of CultureLab, Christie Taylor speaks to Kai Bird, a journalist and historian who co-authored the book that was the main source material for Nolan’s film – American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer.
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- Counterintelligence In World War II | Chapter 1 | Federation of American Scientists
- The Trials of J. Robert Oppenheimer | Video (1:49:38) | American Experience - PBS
- Who Was J. Robert Oppenheimer? Charisma and Complex Organization by Charles Thorpe and Steven Shapin
PDF File(46 pages) | Harvard University
- The Agony of Atomic Genius - On the tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer
Essay by Algis Valiunas | The New Atlantis
- The Oppenheimer Case by Gerald Holton | January 4, 1970 | The New York Times
- J. Robert Oppenheimer: 5 Facts About the ‘Father of the Atomic Bomb’ | History.com
Includes video entitled "How the Atomic Bomb was used in WW II"
- Who was the real Robert Oppenheimer? | Feature by Ben Platts-Mills | BBC
- The Real History Behind Christopher Nolan’s ‘Oppenheimer’ | Article by Andy Kifer | Smithsonian Magazine
- Robert Oppenheimer: The myth and the mystery | Article by Robert Rhodes
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
- Oppenheimer and the pursuit of nuclear disarmament | Stanford News
Interview by Melissa De Witte with Scott Sagan, co-director of Stanford
University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC).
- Here’s How Faithfully Oppenheimer Captures Its Subject’s Real Life | Article by Megan McCluskey | TIME
Includes (4:43) video at the top
- J. Robert Oppenheimer: Beyond the Blast: A Deep Dive into His Life's Triumph, Facing Tragedy, and Legacy
A 2023 Biography and Documentary Book by Julian R. Stonebridge | Amazon
- What Made Him Tick | Review of Ray Monk's Biography of Oppenheimer by George Johnson
June 28, 2013 | The New York Times
- Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center By Ray Monk | Penguin Random House
- Kai Bird on 'Oppenheimer,' based on the Prize-Winning Biography he Co-Authored | CUNY
- American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer | Wikipedia
- American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer
By Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin - The 2006 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Biography
- The Real Tragedy of Robert Oppenheimer | Article by Sam Kean | Science History Institute
- J. Robert Oppenheimer 1904-1967 | A Biographical Memoir by H.A. Bethe
PDF File (47 pages) | National Academy of Sciences Publication
- Pictures of J. Robert Oppenheimer et al | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938 | Nobel Prize
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938 was awarded to Enrico Fermi "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"
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- Biographical
- Enrico Fermi - Facts (1901-1954)
- What is a "slow neutron"?
- Enrico Fermi | Britannica
- Enrico Fermi (1901-1954) | Wikipedia
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Enrico Fermi (29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian and later naturalized American physicist, renowned for being the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, and a member of the Manhattan Project.
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- Scientists and Mathematicians in America | Race for the Superbomb | Article - PBS
- Enrico Fermi | The Manhattan Project
- OpEd: ‘Oppenheimer’ Got It Wrong, Enrico Fermi Was The Real Genius | Long Island Press
- Oppenheimer and Fermi: Two Developers of the First Atomic Bomb | Many Things.org
- Oppenheimer and Fermi: Two Developers of the First Atomic Bomb | Voice of America
- Manhattan Project Spotlight: Enrico Fermi | Atomic Heritage Foundation
- Enrico Fermi (1901 - 1954) | Atomic Archive
- Enrico Fermi (1901-1954) | MacTutor
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Summary: Enrico Fermi was an Italian physicist who created the world's first nuclear reactor. He made important contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics and to statistical mechanics.
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- Enrico Fermi | A Biographical Memoir by Samuel Allison | PDF File (33 pages)
- Enrico Fermi (1901-1954) | Biography
- Clashing colleagues - Article by Richard Rhodes | The University of Chicago Magazine
Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard were comparable scientific visionaries but opposite personalities.
- The Lives of Leo Szilard and Enrico Fermi
This timeline will be detailing the lives of Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard as well as their contributions to nuclear science.
- The Discovery of Fission [Contents] | History.AIP
- How Scientific Chance and a Little Luck Helped Usher in the Nuclear Age | Smithsonian Magazine
Accidental experiments and chance encounters helped Enrico Fermi produce the first nuclear reactor.
- Nuclear Fission | LOC - Today in History
- Enrico Fermi
Nuclear Fission | National Inventors Hall of Fame
- The Last Man Who Knew Everything: The Life and Times of Enrico Fermi, Father of the Nuclear Age
Hardcover – Illustrated, by David N. Schwartz (Author) | Amazon
- December 2, 1942: First self-sustained nuclear chain reaction | APS News
- Abstract: Fermi and Szilard - Byers, Nina
- The First Reactor | PDF File (51 pages) | U.S. Department of Energy
- The First Pile by Corbin Allardice and Edward R. Trapnell | PDF File (7 pages)
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Excerpt: "As those who witnessed the experiment became
aware of what had happened, smiles spread over their
faces and a quiet ripple of applause could be heard.
It was a tribute to Enrico Fermi, Nobel Prize winner,
to whom, more than to any other person, the success
of the experiment was due."
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- The Life of Enrico Fermi | U.S. Department of Energy
- Enrico Fermi and Ethical Problems in Scientific Research by Richard L. Garwin | FAS: Federation of American Scientists
- Pioneering Physicist Enrico Fermi on the “Utility” of Science, the Aim of Knowledge, and Our Ultimate Responsibility to Nature
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Fermi's Legacy | Nature
- Case Files: Enrico Fermi | The Franklin Institute
- How science earned Enrico Fermi a Nobel Prize (and saved his Jewish wife and children)
By Madeline Whitacre, archivist-historian, and Amy Belotti, archivist, National Security Research Center
- Enrico Fermi: genius and giant of science | Feature - CERN Courier
- A meeting with Enrico Fermi by Freeman Dyson | Nature
- Enrico Fermi's 1933 Idea of Beta-Ray Creation | San Jose University
- Enrico Fermi | Atomic Heritage Foundation
Enrico Fermi (1901-1954) was an Italian physicist and recipient of the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics.
- The Enrico Fermi Award | OSTI
- Books by Enrico Fermi | Amazon
- Books by Enrico Fermi | BIBLIO
- Enrico Fermi: The Last Man Who Knew Everything by Steve Mirsky | Scientific American
- Online Books by Enrico Fermi - The Online Books Page
- Books by Enrico fermi | 46 distinct books | goodreads
- Enrico Fermi - Quotes | goodreads
- Enrico Fermi "His Work and Legacy" | Springer Link
- Atoms in the Family "My Life with Enrico Fermi" by Laura Fermi | University of Chicago Press
- Fermi's Gifts: A Novel Based on the Life of Enrico Fermi by Kate Fuglei | Barnes & Noble
- He’s the Bomb: An Enrico Fermi Biography by Gregg Herken | The New York Times
- Pictures of Enrico Fermi | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997), The First Lady of Physics | National Park Service
- Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997) | Article by Meredith Worthen - Updated: May 17, 2021 Biography
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Chinese-American nuclear physicist Chien-Shiung Wu, also known as "the First Lady of Physics,” contributed to the Manhattan Project and made history with an experiment that disproved the hypothetical law of conservation of parity.
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- Chien-Shiung Wu, Chinese Nuclear Physicist | AIP: American Institute of Physics
- Women's History Minute: "Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu" | National History Women's Museum | Video - YouTube
- Chien-Shiung Wu, "The First Lady of Physics" | Brown University | Video - YouTube
- Chien-Shiung Wu
The first lady in physics | UNSW - Sydney
- Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997) | Wikipedia
- Chien-Shiung Wu - Chinese-American physicist (1912-1997) | Britannica
...who provided the first experimental proof that the principle
of parity conservation does not hold in weak subatomic interactions.
- Beta Decay
- Law of Conservation of Parity
- Chien-Shiung Wu - Physicist - Columbia University | Atomic Heritage Foundation
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During the Manhattan Project, she worked at Columbia University, helping develop the process for separating uranium metal into U-235 and U-238 isotopes by gaseous diffusion.
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- A stamp of approval | LANL
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On February 11, the International Day of Women and Girls in Science, the U.S. Postal Service issued the Chien-Shiung Wu Commemorative Forever Stamp in tribute to the influential experimental physicist and longtime Columbia University professor.
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- The Manhattan Project Physicist Who Fought for Equal Rights for Women | Article by Joanna Scutts | TIME
- Chien-Shiung Wu | National Women's Hall of Fame
- Life Story: Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997) | Women & The American Story
The story of a Chinese American physicist who contributed to the development of the atomic bomb
and overcame many racial and gender barriers to achieve recognition.
- Women in Radiation History: Chien-Shiung Wu | EPA
She was Princeton's first female physics instructor. Her students were all male.
Princeton's student-body was all male.
- History of Scientific Women | Includes brief video
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She is best known for conducting the Wu experiment, which contradicted the Law of Conservation of Parity. This discovery earned the 1957 Nobel Prize in physics for her colleagues Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen-Ning Yang, and also earned Wu the inaugural Wolf Prize in Physics in 1978.
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- Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu: Premier Nuclear Physicist | Blog: Library of Congress
- Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu | Columbia250
In 1973, she was became the first woman to head the American Physical Society,
and she was also the first living scientist to have an asteroid named after her.
- Chien-Shiung Wu | Kids Britannica
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"In 1956 two other physicists, Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen Ning Yang, asked her to use her expertise in beta decay to conduct an experiment that could prove a theory they had. Wu carried out the experiment—now known as the Wu experiment—and succeeded in proving their theory. This groundbreaking work earned Lee and Yang the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics. However, Wu’s work, which was essential in proving their theory, was ignored."
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- Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997) | NSF
National Medal of Science (NMS) recipient in 1975 “for her ingenious experiments
that led to new and surprising understanding of the decay of the radioactive nucleus.”
- Queen of Physics: How Wu Chien Shiung Helped Unlock the Secrets of the Atom (Volume 6) Hardcover | Amazon
Picture Book by Teresa Robeson (Author), Rebecca Huang (Illustrator)
- Chien-Shiung Wu and Beta Decay | Essay by Simone Lilavois | Medium
The third in a series of four biographies about overlooked women in science.
- Simone Lilavois
is a NYC high school student passionate about understanding the nature of life in relation to the Cosmos.
- Chien-Shiung Wu | UCLA
- Beta Decay by Wu, C. S. [Chien-Shiung] / Moszkowski, S. A. [Steven Alexander] | BIBLIO
[Series: Interscience Monographs And Texts In Physics And Astronomy, Volume Xvi]
- Pictures of Chien-Shiung Wu | Google Image Search Results
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
Fritz Houtermans (1903-1966) | Wikipedia
The Adventurous Life of Friedrich Georg Houtermans, Physicist (1903-1966) | Italian Physical Society
James Lovelock
Collective Consciousness
Pilot Waves
Lao Tzu | World History Encyclopedia
Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete?
PDF File | Authors: A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen - Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton
Quantum Mechanics and Reality | Thomas McFarlane - 1995
What Are The Paradoxes In Quantum Mechanics? | Forbes
MIA Philosphy Resource from Andy Blunden | A Miniature Library of Philosophy
Tracing the development of ideas on the relation between consciousness and matter through the words of 140 philosophers over 400 years
The analysis of sensations, and the relation of the physical to the psychical by Ernst Mach
War of the Worldviews: Science Vs. Spirituality by Deepak Chopra and Leonard Mlodinow | Amazon
Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science
- What we do
- Richard Dawkins on truth and "ways of knowing" | Why Evolution is True
- Religion has nothing to do with science – and vice versa | The Guardian
In River out of Eden, he (Dawkins) writes:
"The universe that we observe has precisely the properties we should expect if there is, at bottom,
no design, no purpose, no evil and no good, nothing but blind, pitiless indifference."
- Richard Dawkins Interview | PBS
- The Magic of Reality
How We Know What's Really True by Richard Dawkins | Simon & Schuster
An elegant, text-only paperback edition of the New York Times bestseller
that's been hailed as the definitive authority on... everything.
- River out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life
by Richard Dawkins | Barnes & Noble
- River Out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life by Richard Dawkins | thriftbooks
- The Four Horsemen | Penguin
Authors: Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, Daniel C. Dennett, Christopher Hitchens
- Outgrowing God: A Beginner's Guide by Richard Dawkins | Amazon
- Outgrowing God by Richard Dawkins | Penguin Random House
- Outgrowing God: A Beginner’s Guide | Posts by Peter C. Grosvenor | The Humanist
- Book Review: Outgrowing God: A Beginner's Guide | Blog - Greg Low
- Psychedelics, Consciousness, and AI | Richard Dawkins | Video (1:26:56) - YouTube
- Search Results for Richard Dawkins on Sam Harris's Website
- Deconstructing Dawkins - Five arguments for the existence of God | Resurgence.org
- Dialogue with Richard Dawkins, Rowan Williams and Anthony Kenny
Sir Anthony Kenny chaired a dialogue at Oxford University between Archbishop Rowan Williams and Professor Richard Dawkins
on the subject of "The nature of human beings and the question of their ultimate origin."
- The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design by Richard Dawkins | Amazon
- Review: Richard Dawkins' watchmaker still has the power to open our eyes | The Guardian
In The Blind Watchmaker, penned by Richard Dawkins almost 25 years ago,
Tim Radford rediscovers a writer who is patient, lyrical and immensely persuasive.
- The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins | Amazon
- The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins | PDF File (385 pages)
- The Selfish Gene | Wikipedia
- 'As long as we study life, it will be read': the Selfish Gene turns 40 | The Guardian
- Richard Dawkins: Author of "The God Delusion" | Video (28 minutes) - YouTube
- Richard Dawkins Quotes | Brainy Quote
- Books by Richard Dawkins | goodreads
- Five Books by Richard Dawkins
- Books by Richard Dawkins | thriftbooks
- Books: Richard Dawkins | Amazon
- Books Written by Richard Dawkins | Most Recommended Books
- Richard Dawkins Bibliography | Wikipedia
Doris Lessing: A Retrospective | CDC Radio
The 1985 CBC Massey Lectures, "Prisons We Choose to Live Inside" | CBC Ideas
Doris Lessing - Nobel Lecture
Leonard Susskind - Biography | JewAge
The Theoretical Minimum
The Theoretical Minimum is a series of Stanford Continuing Studies
courses taught by world renowned physicist Leonard Susskind.
The Theoretical Minimum | Leonard Susskind Biography
|
Susskind is widely regarded as one of the fathers of string theory, having, with Yoichiro Nambu and Holger Bech Nielsen, independently introduced the idea that particles could in fact be states of excitation of a relativistic string. He was the first to introduce the idea of the string theory landscape in 2003.
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Leonard Susskind | Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics
Leonard Susskind | Ted Talk - Posted May, 2011 - Talks about Richard Feynmann - Video (14 minutes)
Official Website of Dr. Michio Kaku
Brian Greene's Official Website - Professor, Columbia University
Neil de Grasse Tyson Home Page
Neil de Grasse Tyson | Britannica
Brian Cox
Fritjof Capra Homepage
Biographies of Physicists | Amazon
Poll Reveals All-Star Physicists | APS News
Physics Nobel nominees, 1901–70 | Physics Today
Analyzing more than 3300 nominations from the first seven decades
of the world’s preeminent physics prize reveals trends and shortcomings.
All Nobel Prizes in Physics
List of Nobel laureates in Physics | Wikipedia
The magnificent four who repeated Nobel by Elena Sanz
The five scientists who won two Nobel prizes | phys.org
To Win the Nobel Prize Twice
Two Nobel Prizes | Linus Pauling - The Linus Pauling Papers | NLM
Marie Curie - Physicist | AWIS: Association for Women in Science
Great Physicists: The Life and Times of Leading Physicists from Galileo to Hawking
1st Edition by William H. Cropper | Amazon
Pioneering Quantum Physicists Win Nobel Prize in Physics | Quanta Magazine
Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger have won the 2022 Nobel Prize
in Physics for groundbreaking experiments with entangled particles.
The Little-Known Origin Story behind the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics | Scientific American
In 1949 physicist Chien-Shiung Wu devised an experiment that documented evidence of entanglement.
Her findings have been hidden in plain sight for more than 70 years.
Quantum Entanglement
Embodied Cognition
- Embodied Cognition | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Embodied Cognition | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Overview: Embodied Cognition | from Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 2022 | Science Direct
- What is embodied about cognition? | NCBI - NLM
- Embodied Cognition | Serious Science
Neuroscientist Karl Friston on the place of cognition in our body and outside it, the way we perceive objects, and inactivism.
- Search Images on "embodied mind."
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
- The Embodied Mind, revised edition: Cognitive Science and Human Experience (Mit Press) | Amazon
- The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience (Second Edition) | Tom McClelland - Phenomenological Review
Authors: Francisco J. Varela, Evan Thompson, Eleanor Rosch
- The Embodied Mind, revised edition: Cognitive Science and Human Experience | Barnes & Noble
By Francisco J. Varela, Evan Thompson, Eleanor Rosch,
- Book Summary: The Embodied Mind, by Francisco J. Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch | KIANTE
- The Embodied Mind: Understanding the Mysteries of Cellular Memory, Consciousness, and Our Bodies
By Thomas R. Verny, M.D. | New York Journal of Books
- A Brief Guide to Embodied Cognition: Why You Are Not Your Brain
By Samuel McNerney on November 4, 2011 | Scientific American
- Embodied Mind, Meaning, and Reason How Our Bodies Give Rise to Understanding
By Mark Johnson | University of Chicago Press
The Universes of Max Tegmark
“The idea of an objective real world whose smallest parts exist
objectively in the same sense as stones or trees exist, independently of
whether or not we observe them…is impossible.” Werner Heisenberg
- Free Will and Consciousness in the Multiverse by Christian D. Schade | PDF File (249 pages)
- Reality and Super-Reality: Properties of a Mathematical Multiverse | by Alan McKenzie | PDF available | Springer Link
- Is the multiverse theory science fiction or science fact? | by Eric Betz - Astronomy Magazine
- Multiversal Journeys
- Universe or Multiverse by Bernard Carr | Barnes & Noble
- Universe or multiverse? Bernard Carr, George Ellis | Article - Oxford Academic
- Universe or multiverse? | PDF File | Wiley
Bernard Carr and George Ellis present their differing views on whether
speculations about other universes are part of legitimate science.
- A new book explores how the concept of the multiverse has evolved | Science News
Science journalist Tom Siegfried discusses The Number of the Heavens.
- The Number of the Heavens: A History of the Multiverse and the Quest to Understand the Cosmos | by Tom Siegfried | Amazon
- The Number of the Heavens: A History of the Multiverse and the Quest to Understand the Cosmos by Tom Siegfried | Publisher's Weekly
- Physical Laws of the Mathematical Universe: Who Are We? by Neeti Sinha
- Physical Laws of the Mathematical Universe: Who Are We? Paperback – by Neeti Sinha (Author) | Amazon
- Physical Laws of the Mathematical Universe: Who Are We? by Neeti Sinha | Indigo
- Space, Time and Consciousness – B.A.Wallace, B.Carr | Video (2:25:09) - The Meridian Trust
- Bernard Carr: Science, Mind and Spirit | April 13, 2023 - RedCircle
- Prof. Bernard Carr: Making Time for Matter and Mind by Richard Irwin | The Scientific and Medical Network
- Bernard Carr | Grant and Jane
- Complexity Complementarity Consciousness – Vasileios Basios, 2017 | The Scientific and Medical Network
- The Conscious Universe Paperback
by Menas Kafatos (Author), Robert Nadeau (Author) | Amazon
- The Conscious Universe Parts and Wholes in Physical Reality | by Menas Kafatos and Robert Nadeau | Springer
- The Conscious Universe: Part and Whole in Modern Physical Theory by Menas Kafatos and Robert L. Nadeau | ThriftBooks
- The Conscious Universe | by Joe Zadeh - NOEMA
"The radical idea that everything has elements of consciousness is reemerging and breathing new life into a cold and mechanical cosmos."
- Schrödinger and the conscious universe
The total number of minds in the universe is one.
- A 9-minute journey inside a black hole | Janna Levin | Video - YouTube
- The Mathematics of our Universe | Zach Star | Video (22 minutes) - YouTube
- Julian Jaynes Society
- Conversations on Consciousness and the Bicameral Mind:
The Origin of Consciousness in Ancient History Explained
Interviews with Leading Thinkers on Julian Jaynes’s Theory
- The Laslo Institute of New Paradigm Research
- Paul Davies | Arizona State University
- About
- BOOKS
- "God and the New Physics" by Paul Davies
- Paul Davies
Regents' Professor, Arizona State University | Closer to Truth
- Paul Davies
British physicist and astrobiologist | Britannica
- Paul Davies, theoretical physicist | Interview by Michael Wall - UC Santa Cruz
- Paul Davies | Wikipedia
- Does Consciousness Require a Radical Explanation? | Video - Closer to Truth
What causes consciousness? Our inner sense of awareness is at once most mundane and most bizarre.
No explanation makes sense. Here are three novel candidates for explaining consciousness.
- Paul Davies - Must the Universe Contain Consciousness? (Part 1) | Video - YouTube
- Paul Davies - Must the Universe Contain Consciousness? (Part 2) | Video - YouTube
- Must the Universe Contain Consciousness? | Playlist | Closer to Truth
- Does new physics lurk inside living matter?
- The science interview: Paul Davies | Financial Times
The British physicist and writer explores the disputed territory between science and religion.
-
The Emergent, Self-explaining Universe of Paul Davies – a Summary and
Christian Response | PDF File (21 pages) - Paul Himes
- List of Books by Paul C.W. Davies | thriftbooks
- Books by Paul Davies | Amazon
He is the author of more than twenty books, including The Mind of God, About Time, How to Build a Time Machine, and The Goldilocks Enigma.
- Information and the Nature of Reality: From Physics To Metaphysics 1st Edition by Paul Davies (Author) | Amazon
- Books by Paul Davies and Complete Book Reviews | Publisher's Weekly
- Audio Books
- Books by Paul C.W. Davies | goodreads
- Paul Davies | Penguin.com
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Excerpt: "Davies has written over 30 books, many for the general public. He has three honorary doctorates and Fellowship of University College London. In 1995 he was awarded the Templeton Prize in a ceremony at Buckingham Palace for his work on the deeper meaning of science."
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- What's eating the universe? - with Paul Davies | Video (1:01:18) - YouTube
- The Goldilocks Enigma: Why Is the Universe Just Right for Life? by Paul Davies | The Guardian
Review: From Milton to Hilton
- The Goldilocks Enigma: Why Is the Universe Just Right for Life? | Amazon
Paperback – April 29, 2008 by Paul Davies (Author)
- A Short Review of Davies’ The Goldilocks Enigma | Neil Shenvi – Apologetics
- The Last Three Minutes: Conjectures About The Ultimate Fate Of The Universe by Paul Davies - Paperback | Barnes & Noble
- "The Mind of God" by Paul Davies | Amazon
- The Mind of God:
The Scientific Basis for a Rational World | Arizona State University
- Mind of God: Scientific Basic for a Rational World by Paul C.W. Davies | thriftbooks
- The Mind of God | Wikipedia
- The Mind of God by Paul Davies | A book review by Danny Yee
- Superforce | Amazon
- Superforce by Paul C.W. Davies | goodreads
- Superforce by Paul Davies | Barnes & Noble
- Superforce by Paul Davies | Simon & Schuster
From Simon & Schuster, Superforce is Paul Davies' latest work that searches for a grand unified theory of nature.
- Templeton Prize Goes to Physicist Paul Davies | March 11, 1995 - Los Angeles Times
- Physics and the Mind of God: The Templeton Prize Address | by Paul Davies, August 1995 - First Things
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Excerpt: "To me, the true miracle of nature is to be found in the ingenious and unswerving lawfulness of the cosmos, a lawfulness that permits complex order to emerge from chaos, life to emerge from inanimate matter, and consciousness to emerge from life, without the need for the occasional supernatural prod;"
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- Pictures of Paul Davies | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Does Consciousness Require a Radical Explanation? with Robert Lawrence Kuhn | Video (27 minutes) - YouTube
- The Radical Plasticity Thesis: How the Brain Learns to be Conscious by Axel Cleeremans1 | NCBI - NLM
- Consciousness: The Fundamental Reality | Video (13 minutes) - YouTube
- Prajna or Panna in Buddhism | Learn Religions
- Prajna (Buddhism) | Wikipedia
- Prajnaparamita | Wikipedia
- What is Satori? | Britannica
- Satori – The Zen Concept of Enlightenment and Self-realisation | Fractal Enlightenment
- Satori: Reaching a Moment of Total Presence | Omar Itani
"A person reconnecting to the infinite consciousness of the world within her and around her by simply bringing her attention back to the present moment."
- Satori in Zen Buddhism
- Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos | University of Chicago Press | by Roger Lewin
Roger Lewin is the author of seventeen books, including Bones of Contention and Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos, both available from the University of Chicago Press.
- Looking Glass Universe: The Emerging Science of Wholeness by John P. Briggs and F. David Peat | thriftbooks
- Turbulent Mirror: An Illustrated Guide to Chaos Theory and the Science of Wholeness by F. David Peat and John P. Briggs | Book Review | thriftbooks
- Looking Glass Universe The Emerging Science of Wholeness (Touchstone Book) Paperback - 1986
by John C. Briggs; F. David Peat | Biblio
- Books by Arthur Koestler
- The Roots of Coincidence by Arthur Koestler | Wikipedia
- The Roots of Coincidence by Arthur Koestler | Amazon
- Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle | by Carl Jung | International Association for Analytical Psychology
- Carl Jung on Synchronicity | Arts of Thought
- Advances in Consciousness Research Series | goodreads
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Excerpt: "The orientation of the Series is toward developing new interdisciplinary and integrative approaches for the investigation, description and theory of consciousness, as well as the practical consequences of this research for the individual in society.
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- Can Consciousness Exist Outside of the Brain? | By Clifford N. Lazarus Ph.D. - June 26, 2019 - Psychology Today
The brain may not create consciousness but "filter" it.
- A New Theory in Physics Claims to Solve the Mystery of Consciousness
August 11, 2022 - Neuroscience News - Source: Bar-Ilan University
- What if consciousness is not an emergent property of the brain? | September 7, 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology
Observational and empirical challenges to materialistic models.
- Is it time to give up on consciousness as ‘the ghost in the machine’? | Published June 3, 2021 | The Conversation
- Henri Poincaré | Famous Scientists
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His work on the n-body problem, whose ultimate aim was to determine if the solar system was stable, led to Chaos theory – Poincaré gave the first mathematical description of a dynamic system behaving chaotically.
|
- Gravitational wave | Wikipedia
They were first proposed by Oliver Heaviside in 1893 and then later by
Henri Poincaré in 1905 as the gravitational equivalent of electromagnetic waves.
- James Gleick | Britannica
- About James Gleick
- Chaos: Making a New Science | Wikipedia
- Chaos: Making a New Science by James Gleick | Published October 29, 1987 | Amazon
The million-copy New York Times bestseller and finalist for both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award that reveals the science behind chaos theory.
- Chaos: Making a New Science by James Gleick | Penguin Random House Canada
- Chaos
summarized in 9 key ideas by James Gleick - better than a summary!
- Chaos Theory | Wikipedia
Small differences in initial conditions, such as those due to errors in measurements or due to rounding errors in numerical computation,
can yield widely diverging outcomes for such dynamical systems, rendering long-term prediction of their behavior impossible in general.
-
Lecture Notes (Part 2): A Brief Introduction to Chaos Theory | PDF File - University of Sydney
- Glossary Terms for "state" | Santa Fe Institute
- Books by James Gleick and Complete Book Reviews | Publisher's Weekly
- Books by James Gleick | thriftbooks
- The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood Hardcover by James Gleick (Author) | Hardcover - Amazon
- The Information: A History, A Theory, A Flood by James Gleick | Paperback - Amazon
- James Gleick’s History of Information | Review By Geoffrey Nunberg | The New York Times
- Book Review: The Information: A history, a theory, a flood | Review by Emily Powers
- James Gleick with Maria Popova on Time Travel | Video (56 minutes) - YouTube
- James Gleick on How Our Cultural Fascination with Time Travel Illuminates Memory,
the Nature of Time, and the Central Mystery of Human Consciousness
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Chaos Theory | BYJUS
- Making Chaos: Two Views of a New Science | by David Porush | JSTOR
- Chaos Theory | by Ivy Wigmore - What is
"Chaos, with reference to chaos theory, refers to an apparent lack of order in a system that nevertheless obeys particular laws or rules."
- Inside Out: James Gleick Turns Chaos, Genius & Information into Best Sellers
Event - Nov 21, 2013 | Video (almost 2 hours) - YouTube
- Gábor Vattay | ELTE Research University - The ELTE Department of Complex Systems Physics
- Lorenz Center
- Lorenz and the Butterfly Effect | APS: American Physical Society
- When the Butterfly Effect Took Flight | by Peter Dizikes - February 22, 2011 | MIT Technology Review
Half a century ago, Edward Lorenz, SM '43, ScD '48, overthrew the idea of the clockwork universe with his ground-breaking research on chaos.
Now MIT professors are working to establish a climate research center in his name.
- Edward Lorenz, father of chaos theory and butterfly effect, dies at 90 | MIT News
- Edward N. Lorenz, a Meteorologist and a Father of Chaos Theory, Dies at 90 | April 17, 2008 - The New York Times
- Edward Norton Lorenz | MacTutor
Edward Lorenz was an American mathematician and meteorologist first recognised the phenomenum of chaos in complex systems.
- MIT on Chaos and Climate: Edward N. Lorenz and the End of the Cartesian Universe | Video (36 minutes) - YouTube
- Edward Lorenz and the Butterfly Effect | SciHi.org
- Edward Lorenz | Linda Hall Library
- Edwrad Norton Lorenz - 23 May 1917 — 16 April 2008 | PDF File (18 pages)
- Edward Norton Lorenz | A Biographical Memoir by Kerry Emanuel | National Academy of Sciences
- Book: The Essence of Chaos (Jessie and John Danz Lectures) by Edward Lorenz | Amazon
- The Essence of Chaos (Jessie and John Danz Lectures) by Edward Lorenz | thriftbooks
- Benoit Mandelbroit | MacTutor - St. Andrews
- Personal consciousness as a strange attractor in the mindscape | Giulio Prosco
- Strange Attractors | by Tom Hartsfield | RealClearScience
- An update on dimensions of consciousness | NCBI - NLM
Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that “binding” of the senses to produce a combined sensory experience
is made possible by the allocation of each sense to its own dimension.
- Emergence and Strange Attractors | Cambridge University Press
- Emergence and Strange Attractors by David V. Newman | Journal Article | JSTOR
- Emergence as a Construct: History and Issues by Jeffrey Goldstein | PDF File (24 pages)
- Chaos Theory and Consciousness | Young Scientists Journal
- Chaos Theory and Consciousness | IONS50
- Chaos, Creativity, and Cosmic Consciousness
Authors: Rupert Sheldrake, Terence McKenna and Ralph Abraham | Foreword by Jean Houston
- Structure in human consciousness: | by Erhard Bieberich - Medical College of Virginia
A fractal approach to the topology of the self perceiving an outer world in an inner space.
- The fractal brain: scale-invariance in structure and dynamics | NCBI - NLM
- Deterministic Chaos and Fractal Complexity in the Dynamics of Cardiovascular Behavior: Perspectives on a New Frontier
By Vijay Sharma | NCBI - NLM
- A history of chaos theory | by Christian Oestreicher | NCBI - NLM
- Fractals Art & Mysticism, The Algorithms of Nature
by Leslie Montana January 12, 2020
- Patterns of Emergence: Abstractions in Chaos Theory | by Chelsea Zhou
- Does God Play Dice?: The Mathematics of Chaos by Ian Stewart | thriftbooks
- Brain basis of self: self-organization and lessons from dreaming | David Kahn | frontiers in psychology
"In order for consciousness to emerge there has to be some degree of independence among the elements that make up the system and some degree of dependence or relationship between these elements."
- Consciousness as a self-organizing process: an ecological perspective |
Sally Goerner and Allan Combs | Science Direct
- Complexity and Conservation: An Ecological Perspective | BioScience - Authors: Sean McMahon, Marc Cadotte | Oxford Academic
- Science of Consciousness | Eve A. Isham
- States of Consciousness | PressBooks
- William Thomson, Baron Kelvin - Scottish engineer, mathematician, and physicist | Britannica
- William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1906) | Wikipedia
- Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Clausius (1822-1888) | MacTutor
Summary: Rudolf Clausius did important work in thermodynamics.
- Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888) | Wikipedia
- Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888) | Britannica
- Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius | The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
- What Is the Real Clausius Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics? | NCBI - NLM
- Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (1822-1888) | Encyclopedia.com
The German physicist Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius was one of
the chief architects of thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases.
- Rudolf Clausius and the Science of Thermodynamics | SciHi.org
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On January 2, 1822, German physicist and mathematician Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius was born. He is considered one of the central founders of the science of thermodynamics, who introduced the concept of entropy in 1865.
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The New Theory of Thermodynamics:
“Heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without some other
change, connected therewith, occurring at the same time.”
– Rudolf Clausius, in (1854)
- On the Moving Force of Heat, and the Laws regarding the Nature of Heat
itself which are deducible therefrom | PDF File(39 pages)
By R. Clausius | University of Pittsburgh - July 1851
- Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (January 2, 1822 – August 24, 1888) | New World Encyclopedia
- The first law of thermodynamics: What is it? | Space.com
- The second law of thermodynamics | Britannica
- Second law of thermodynamics | Wikipedia
- What is the third law of thermodynamics? | Science Direct
- 18.1 The Laws of Thermodynamics | Video (10 minutes) | Chad's Prep
- Inconsistency of Carnot Principle and Second Law of Thermodynamics | PDF File(10 pages)
- Heat Engines - Professor George Smoot's Physics 10 Class
- The Mechanical Theory of Heat
- The Mechanical Theory Of Heat (1879) Paperback | Amazon
By Rudolf Julius E Clausius (Author), Walter R Browne (Translator)
- What Is the Real Clausius Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
PubMed Article by Ti-Wei Xue and Zeng-Yuan Guo
- Entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics | Principia Cybernetica
- The Carnot Cycle, Reversibility and Entropy | Article by David Sands | MDPI
- Clausius Statement | Science Direct
- Mechanical Theory
- Energy Fundamentals - The History of the Word "Energy"
- Boltzmann's Entropy Equation: A History from Clausius to Planck | Kathy Loves Physics | Video (24:34) - YouTube
- A History of Thermodynamics: The Missing Manual | PubMed - NCBI
- Conservation of energy | Wikipedia
- Conservation of energy | New World Encyclopedia
- The Discovery of Energy Conservation: Mayer and Joule | Article by Michael Fowler | University of Virginia
- Some Historical Notes | From: Stephen Wolfram, A New Kind of Science
- The Thomson-Clausius synthesis revisited: Why “conversion” of heat to work is a misnomer?
- Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics) | Wikipedia
- Rudolf Clausius Quotes
- Pictures/images of Rudolf Clausius | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906) | Wikipedia
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920 was awarded to Walther Hermann Nernst
"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry"
- Walther Nernst (1864-1941) | Wikipedia
- Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003) | Encyclopedia.com
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 | Nobel Prize
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 was awarded to Ilya Prigogine "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures."
|
- October 11, 1977, Press Release: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
has decided to award the 1977 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to
Professor Ilya Prigogine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
- Award ceremony speech
Presentation Speech by Professor Stig Claesson of the Royal Academy of Sciences
- Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003) | Wikipedia
- Ilya Prigogine, the Man Who Brought Order to Chaos | January 25, 2023 - Open Mind BBVA
- Prigogine's theorem | Wikipedia
- Generalization of Prigogine’s theorem for the case of full differential of entropy | NCBI - NLM
Highlights:
1) We analyzed irreversible processes in a system under the influence of an entrostat
2) We applied the statistical criterion for changing entropy for such a system
3) We have changed the Prigogine’s formula for the case of the full entropy differential
- Time, Structure and Fluctuations | Nobel Lecture, 8 December, 1977 by Ilya Prigogine | Nobel Lecture | PDF File (23 pages)
- Order Out of Chaos: Man's New Dialogue with Nature | Paperback – January 23, 2018 | Amazon
by Ilya Prigogine, and Isabelle Stengers.
- Can Order Come Out of Chaos? by Henry M. Morris, PH.D | ICR: Instutute for Creative Research
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"We now see how it is possible for the universe to increase both organization and entropy at the same time. The optimistic and pessimistic arrows of time can co-exist: the universe can display creative unidirectional progress even in the face of the second law."
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- What is a Dissipative System?
- Order Out of Chaos — Prigogine and Stenger on Our Dialogue With Complexity | Athenarium
- Prigogine, Chaos, and Contemporary Science Fiction by David Porush
- The rehabilitation of irreversible processes and dissipative structures’ 50th anniversary
Review Article by Rene Lefever | The Royal Society Publishing
- Order Through Fluctuation - Self-organization and Social Order | The Library of Consciousness
- Ilya Prigogine | Environment & Ecology
- An interview with Ilya Prigogine | Video -Interalia Magazine
An online magazine dedicated to the interactions between the arts, sciences and consciousness.
- Physics History Network
Over 1000 biographies of physicists and histories of institutions with
information pertaining to their lives, careers, and research.
- Ilya Prigogine and the Irreversibility of Time | SciHi Blog
- Ilya Prigogine - The End of Certainty (Interview 1997) | Video (41 minutes) - YouTube
- A Message from Ilya Prigogine
- Ilya Prigogine, 86, Nobelist For Study of Complexity, Dies by Kenneth Chang - May 30, 2003 | The New York Times
- Obituary: Ilya Prigogine (1917–2003) | Published July 03, 2003 - Nature
- Scientific Music Medicine
- Ilya Prigogine Quotes | AZ Quotes
- Pictures of Ilya Prigogine | Google Image Search Results
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
- Carlos Castaneda: A Complete Guide
- Blog of Dr. Helen Klus | The Star Garden
- How We Came to Know the Cosmos: Light & Matter by Helen Klus | goodreads
- How We Came to Know the Cosmos
- Chapter 26. Mind-Body Dualism
- Carlo Rovelli interview: "Reality is not things, but connections" | Video (15 minutes) - YouTube
- Carlo Rovelli: The nature of time | Video (50:43) - YouTube
- Reality Is Not What It Seems
The Journey to Quantum Gravity By: Carlo Rovelli, Simon Carnell | AUDIBLE: length: 6 hours and 20 minutes
- Consciousness is irrelevant to Quantum Mechanics |
An Interview with Carlo Rovelli | iaitv
- Editorial: The Guardian view on the quantum world: where facts are relative | The Guardian
A leading scientist explains why the fundamental truth is
that it is impossible to know everything about the universe.
- Quantum Approaches to Consciousness | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Is Quantum Reality in the Eye of the Beholder? | May 3, 2024 | Video (31:21)
Brian Greene and Carlo Rovelli
- What Is Consciousness? Some New Perspectives from Our Physics Project | Stephen Wolfram Writings
- Understanding Consciousness Goes Beyond Exploring Brain Chemistry
By Philip Goff on November 7, 2023 | Scientific American
- The finer scale of consciousness: quantum theory | NCBI - NLM
Authors: Tianwen Li, Hailiang Tang, Jianhong Zhu, and John H. Zhang
- Anil Seth Finds Consciousness in Life’s Push Against Entropy | Quanta Magazine
How does consciousness arise in mere flesh and blood? To the neuroscientist Anil Seth,
our organic bodies are the key to the experience.
- From Information and Quantum Physics to Consciousness and Reality by Peter Verheyan | MDPI
- Quantum Entangled Consciousness and the Hermetic Philosophic Laws of the Universe | Semantic Scholar | Twenty-six references
- Quantum Mind | Wikipedia
- The Romance of Reality: How the Universe Organizes Itself to Create Life, Consciousness, and Cosmic Complexity
By Bobby Azarian | Amazon
- The Evolution of Consciousness: The Origins of the Way We Think | Amazon
Paperback – February 13, 2022 by Robert Ornstein
- The Evolution of Consciousness: The Origins of the Way We Think by Robert Ornstein | thriftbooks
- The Evolution of Consciousness
by Euan Macphail | Oxford University Press
- How did consciousness evolve? - with Nicholas Humphrey | Video (50 minutes) - YouTube
- Nicholas Humphrey’s Beautiful Theory of Mind by Nick Romeo, March 15, 2023 | The New Yorker
"In his new book, "Sentience," a neuropsychologist argues that consciousness evolved to make us feel that life is worth living."
- The Function and Evolutionary Origins of Consciousness
- Cleansing the Doors of Perception | Video (11:40) - YouTube
- The Nature of Consciousness by Piero Scaruffi
- The Physics Of Consciousness: The Quantum Mind And The Meaning Of Life by Evan Harris Walker | Barnes & Noble
- The Physics of Consciousness: The Quantum Mind and the Meaning of Life by Evan Harris Walker | thriftbooks
- The Physics Of Consciousness: The Quantum Mind And The Meaning Of Life by Evan Harris Walker | Amazon
- What Is the Mind-Body Connection? | Newport Academy
- What great physicists have said about immateriality and consciousness | Uncommon Descent
- The Physics of Consciousness: In the Quantum Field, Minerals, Plants, Animals and Human Souls
By Ivan Antic | Length: 247 pages | Amazon
- Mind-Blowing Facts About Our Reality [4K] | The Secrets of Quantum Physics | Spark | Video (1:57:53) - YouTube
- Quantum Theory and the Role of Mind in Nature | PDF File (42 pages) by Henry P. Stapp
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Quantum Theory and the Role of Mind in Nature by Henry P. Stapp | arXiv
- Von Neumann’s Formulation of Quantum Theory and
the Role of Mind in Nature
PDF File (41 pages) by Henry Stapp | Semantic Scholar
- What is the true nature of our quantum reality? | Big Think
- Quantum reality: The many meanings of life | Article by Michael Brooks | New Scientist
- Quantum Approaches to Consciousness | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Quantum mechanics in the brain | Nature
- Quantum Mechanics | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosphy
- The Third Culture - Beyond the Scientific Revolution | John Brockman | Edge.org
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"The third culture consists of those scientists and other thinkers in the empirical world who, through their work and expository writing, are taking the place of the traditional intellectual in rendering visible the deeper meanings of our lives, redefining who and what we are."
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- David Chalmers Home
- Bio
- Books
- Consciousness and its Place in Nature
- Consciousness and its Place in Nature by David J. Chalmers | PDF File (46 pages)
- Strong and Weak Emergence | David J. Chalmers | PDF File (13 pages)
- Thoughts on Emergence | David J. Chalmers
- Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness | PDF File (27 pages) - Research School of Social Sciences
Australian National University
- Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness | University of Arizona
- The Matrix as Metaphysics
- Center for Mind, Brain, and Consciousness
- David J. Chalmers Audio Books
- The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory (Philosophy of Mind)
Revised ed. Edition by David J. Chalmers (Author) | Amazon
- The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory
- The Conscious Mind (In search of a fundamnetal theory) by David J. Chalmers | PDF File (433 pages)
- Philosopher David Chalmers on consciousness, the hard problem and the nature of reality | by Daniel Keane - ABC News
- The Hard Problem of Consciousness | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Consciousness and the Collapse of the Wave Function | by David J. Chalmers & Kelvin J. McQueen | PhilArchive
- Consciousness and the Collapse of the Wave Function | David J. Chalmers, Kelvin J. McQueen |arXiv
- The Philosophy of Deep Learning | 9 Videos - YouTube
- David Chalmers – Consciousness and the collapse of the wave function | Video (50 minutes) - YouTube
- David Chalmers | Wikipedia
- David Chalmers | The Information Philosopher
Includes a l o n g list of philosophers. Curiously, however, it doesn't include Kierkegaard, the Father of Existentialism.
- David Chalmers Thinks the Hard Problem Is Really Hard | by John Horgan on April 10, 2017 | Scientific American
- David Chalmers | Edge
- Philosphy of Mind (38 books) | Amazon
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"He (Chalmers) proposes instead that conscious experience must be understood in an entirely new light--as an irreducible entity (similar to such physical properties as time, mass, and space) that exists at a fundamental level and cannot be understood as the sum of its parts."
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- Does consciousness change the rules of quantum mechanics? | Big Think
Includes a section entitled: Quantum mechanics and the nature of reality.
- Pictures of David Chalmers | Google Image Search Results
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
- Søren Kierkegaard | New World Encyclopedia
- Søren Kierkegaard | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Kierkegaard Philosophy in 9 Minutes - The Father of Existentialism | Video - YouTube
- Søren Kierkegaard | Wikipedia
- Books by Kierkegaard | Amazon
- The best books on Søren Kierkegaard | recommended by Clare Carlisle | five books
- Books by Søren Kierkegaard | thriftbooks
- Chapter 6. Søren Kierkegaard: Consciousness as Incarnate Subjectivity | Philosophers of Consciousness by Eugene Webb
- Philosophers of Consciousness: Polanyi, Lonergan, Voegelin, Ricoeur, Girard, Kierkegaard
by Eugene Webb | thriftbooks
- Philosophers of Consciousness: Polanyi, Lonergan, Voegelin, Ricoeur, Girard, Kierkegaard | Amazon
- William James - Psychologist - Biography
The Father of American Psychology | verywellmind
"Love is the only sane and satisfactory answer to the problem of human existence." - Erich Fromm
- Erich Fromm (1900-1980) | New World Encyclopedia
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Erich Fromm (March 23, 1900 – March 18, 1980) was an internationally renowned German-American psychologist and humanistic philosopher. His psychological theories, although originating in Freudian psychoanalysis, focused on the self as a social being, using the capacity for reason and love to advance beyond instinctive behavior.
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- Erich Fromm (1900-1980) | Britannica
By applying psychoanalytic principles to the remedy of cultural ills,
Fromm believed, mankind could develop a psychologically balanced “sane society.”
- Fromm, Erich 1900-1980 | Encyclopedia.com
- Erich Fromm (1900-1980) | Wikipedia
- Biography of Social Psychologist Erich Fromm | Article by Kendra Cherry | VeryWellMind
- Erich Fromm (1900-1980) | Good Therapy
Includes long list of books.
- Erich Fromm (March 23, 1900 – March 18, 1980) | Encyclopedia of Psychoanalysis
- Erich Fromm | Selected Quotes
- Erich Fromm (1900 - 1980) | Article by Dr. C. George Boeree
- Brief Biography of Erich Fromm | Essay by Mark D. Kelland | Libre Texts
- Erich Fromm: Biography by Douglas Kellner | PDF File (6 pages)
- Erich Fromm Net
- Erich Fromm: Theory And Contribution To Psychology by Charlotte Nickerson | Simply Psychology
- Erich Fromm | Totally History
- Exploring the Legacy of Erich Fromm: A Renowned Social Psychologist and Philosopher
Article By Alexander Tokarev, PhD | Psyculator
- Erich Fromm | Famous Psychologists
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Fromm's Publications: Escape from Freedom and Man for Himself, both Fromm’s famous works, combine elements of psychology and philosophy, laying out the foundation for political psychology. Other works include The Art of Loving (1956), Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis (1960), Marx’s Concept of Man (1961), Socialist Humanism (1965), The Nature of Man (1968), and The Crisis of Psychoanalysis (1970).
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- The Unshakable Self: Building Identity on Being, Not Having | Article by Ross Bruch | MAPP Magazine
- Identity as a Problem of Today by Tatiana Panfilova | PDF File (6 pages)
- Erich Fromm Archive 1900-1980 | Marxists.org
- Authoritarian personality | Wikipedia
- The Influence of the Concept of Authoritarian Personality Today | Essay by Josef Smolík
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Excerpt: "Fromm considered authoritarianism to be one of the possible mechanisms which allow the individual to evade freedom, and defined this phenomenon as 'a tendency to surrender the independence of one’s own individual ego, to merge it with someone or something outside oneself and thus gain a force which is absent from his own ego.'"
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- Erich Fromm, Escape from Freedom, & Pseudo-Populist Authoritarianism
Article by Scott Remer | New Politics
- Looking into the Hearts of the Workers, or: How Erich Fromm Turned Critical Theory into Empirical Research
By José Brunner | Political Psychology
- The authoritarian magic helper | Article by Larry Barnett - Public Citizen
- Erich Fromm's Lucid Treatise on the Two Parts of Self: Having and Being
Article by Ellen Vrana | The Examined Life
- Erich Fromm: Mechanisms of Escape from Freedom (1942) | Panarchy
- "The Art of Being" - Paperback – by Erich Fromm (Author) | Amazon
- The Lives of Erich Fromm: Love's Prophet by Lawrence J. Friedman,
Assisted by Anke M. Schreiber | Columbia University Press
- The Ultimate Guide to the Philosophy of Erich Fromm | March 23, 2024, by Andreas Matthias
- Erich Fromm and the Social Unconscious | Journal Psyche
- Erich Fromm: The Antidote to Helplessness and Disorientation
Article by Maria Popova | Daily Good
- Erich Fromm and the Mass Psychology of Fascism | Interview by Daniel Finn | Jacobin
Kieran Durkin is the author of The Radical Humanism of Erich Fromm.
He spoke to Jacobin about Fromm’s life and work.
- The forgotten language;: An introduction to the understanding of dreams, fairy tales, and myths
Hardcover by Erich Fromm (Author) | Amazon
- Escape from Freedom - Paperback – by Erich Fromm (Author) | Amazon
- Erich Fromm | 32 Books by him | Open Road Media
- Erich Fromm Books | goodreads
- Search Results for "Erich Fromm" | BetterWorldBooks
- Books by Erich Fromm | BIBLIO
- Escape from Freedom - Author: Erich Fromm | Macmillan Publishers
"If humanity cannot live with the dangers and responsibilities
inherent in freedom, it will probably turn to authoritarianism."
- Escape from Freedom by Erich Fromm | APA PsycNet
- Escape from Freedom by Erich Fromm - Paperback | Barnes & Noble
- Can Freedom Become a Burden? | Escape From Freedom by Erich Fromm Part 1 | Video (23:24) - YouTube
- Escape from Freedom Quotes (206 of them) | goodreads
- Escape From Freedom by Erich Fromm | Review by Nat Eliason
- The Paradox of Freedom: The Great Humanistic Philosopher and Psychologist Erich Fromm
on Moral Aloneness and Our Mightiest Antidote to Terror
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Prologue: Erich Fromm’s Relevance for Our Troubled World | by Mauricio Cortina, M.D.
Psychoanalytic Inquiry
- The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness by Erich Fromm | Google Books
- The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness by Erich Fromm - Paperback | Barnes & Noble
- Erich Fromm: His Life and Ideas - Paperback
by Rainer Funk, Ian Portman (Translator) | Amazon
- 30 Best Erich Fromm Quotes With Image | Bookey
- Ercih Fromm Omline | Official Website
- International Erich Fromm Society
- Erich Fromm papers
1929-1949 [bulk 1932-1949] | New York Public Library - Archives & Manuscripts
- The Art of Loving by Erich Fromm | PDF File (148 pages)
- Erich Fromm - Disobedience: A Moral or Psychological Problem | Video (1:15:07) - YouTube
- Erich Fromm - Psychology of Nationalism (1962) | Video (41:49) - YouTube
- Five Human Needs | The Sane Society by Erich Fromm Part 1 | Video (25 minutes) - YouTube
- Interview with Erich Fromm | The Mike Wallace Interview | Video (30 minutes)
- Erich Fromm and Critical Humor Research by Jarno Hietalahti | PDF File (12 pages)
- The prescience and
paradox of Erich Fromm: A note on the performative contradictions of critical theory
Essay by Jeffrey C. Alexander | PDF File (7 pages)
- The Art of Loving by Erich Fromm | Summary - Quotes Direcxtly from the Book and Paraphrased | aartysana
- Books by Erich Fromm | Amazon
- Books by Erich Fromm | Search results: 120 | Barnes & Noble
- Beyond the Chains of Illusion: My Encounter with Marx and Freud - Paperback – by Erich Fromm (Author) | Amazon
- Beyond the Chains of Illusion: My Encounter with Marx and Freud by Erich Fromm (Author) | Bloomsbury Publishing
- Beyond the Chains of Illusion: My Encounter with Marx and Freud by Erich Fromm | PDF File (181 pages)
- Beyond the Chains of Illusion: My Encounter with Marx and Freud by Erich Fromm | Underground Books
- For the Love of Life by Erich Fromm | Simon & Schuster
- Erich Fromm Quotes | AZ Quotes
- Erich Fromm Quotes | Econation
- Erich Fromm Quotes | Wonderful Quote
- Pictures/images of Erich Fromm | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Welcome to the Eric Hoffer Project
- Eric Hoffer Biography
- Eric Hoffer (1898?-1983) | Britannica
- Eric Hoffer (1902-1983) | Wikipedia
- Eric Hoffer (1902-1983) | Wikiquote
- Eric Hoffer | Freedom from Religion Foundation
- Eric Hoffer: The Longshoreman Philosopher’s Thought and Work
Article by Pedro Blas Gonzalez | Voegelin Vie
- Eric Hoffer: The Longshoreman Philosopher’s Thought and Work
Article by Pedro Blas Gonzalez | The Imaginative Conservative - Totalitarianism | New World Encyclopedia
- Hoffer (Eric) papers | Hoover Institution | Online Archive of California
- The Longshoreman Philosopher | Hoover Digest | Hoover Institution
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Eric Hoffer’s papers in the Hoover Archives run to many thousands of pages and include journals that have never been published. Hoover media fellow Tom Bethell examines the trove.
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- Eric Hoffer, Genius—And Enigma by Tom Bethell | Hoover Digest - Hoover Institution
- Eric Hoffer: The Longshoreman Philosopher - Paperback – by Tom Bethell | Amazon
- The True Believer
Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements by Eric Hoffer | HarperCollinsPublishers
- What I’m Reading: The True Believer, Eric Hoffer | Article by Robert Schmuhl | Notre Dame Magazine
- The True Believer Revisited | Philosophy Now
Tim Madigan on September 11th and on a longshoreman who understood the psychology of mass movements.
- The True Believer | Wikipedia
- The Ordeal of Change Paperback – by Eric Hoffer (Author) | Amazon
- The Ordeal of Change - Paperback - by Eric Hoffer | Barnes & Noble
- The Ordeal of Change - Hardcover - by Eric Hoffer | Abe Books
- Books by Eric Hoffer | thriftbooks
- Books by Eric Hoffer | 1-16 of 54 results | Amazon
- Eric Hoffer | alibris
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Eric Hoffer (1902 -- 1983) was self-educated. He worked in restaurants, as a migrant fieldworker, and as a gold prospector. After Pearl Harbor, he worked as a longshoreman in San Francisco for twenty-five years. The author of more than ten books, including The Passionate State of Mind, The Ordeal of Change, and The Temper of Our Time, Eric Hoffer was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1983.
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- Books by Eric Hoffer | Bookshop.org
- Reflections on the Human Condition (Paperback) | Kew & Willow Books
- Reflections on the Human Condition by Eric Hoffer | Barnes & Noble
- Eric Hoffer | Audible
- Eric Hoffer Books in Order | ReadWithStars
- Books by Eric Hoffer | BIBLIO
- Eric Hoffer Book Award
- Videos: Six conversations with Eric Hoffer and James Day | American Archives of Public Broadcasting
- An Analysis of Eric Hoffer's The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements
By Jonah S. Rubin | Routledge
- Eric Hoffer warned us about ‘true believers’ | Commentary by Dan Walters
- Hoffer and the True Believers | Essay by Pedro Blas Gonzales | The Russell Kirk Center
- Eric Hoffer and the Creation of Fanatical Mass Movements | Farnam Street
- Re-reading Eric Hoffer’s The True Believer (1951) | Article by David Rondfeldt
- Without Belief in a God, But Never Without Belief in a Devil | Essay by Rob Henderson
The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements--A Review
- Eric Hoffer: The True Believer | Review by Jesse Kornbluth | Head Butler
- The True Believer - Summary of 5 key ideas | Blinkist
- On Eric Hoffer’s The Passionate State of Mind and other Aphorisms | Article by Lone Wong
- The Passionate State of Mind: And Other Aphorisms - Paperback – by Eric Hoffer (Author) | Amazon
-
The Passionate State of Mind Quotes | goodreads
"Rudeness is the weak man's imitation of strength."
- Eric Hoffer Quotes About Consciousness | AZ Quotes
- Eric Hoffer - Quotes | goodreads
- Eric Hoffer, Dockworker-Author Who Looked Into Life, Dies at 80 | The New York Times
- Out of the Ordinary | Article by Jeanene Harlick | Stanford Magazine
For one longshoreman, ideas were everything.
- Pictures of Eric Hoffer (and others) | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- The official website for R. D. Laing
- A Timeline
- Ronald David Laing, or R.D. Laing (1927-1989) | New World Encyclopedia
- R.D. Laing (1927-1989) | Wikipedia
- R.D. Laing
British psychiatrist (1927-1989) | Britannica
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In his first book, The Divided Self (1960), he theorized that ontological insecurity (insecurity about one’s existence) prompts a defensive reaction in which the self splits into separate components, thus generating the psychotic symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia.
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- The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness - Paperback – by R. D. Laing (Author) | Amazon
- R. D. Laing - The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness | PDF File (216 pages) | Centrebombe
- The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness by R. D. Laing | Penguin Random House
- Medical Classics | The Divided Self | Article by Paul Crichton, consultant psychiatrist | The BMJ - NLM - NCBI
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"Probably the real value of The Divided Self is ethical rather than scientific. Laing treated his patients with great respect, and trying hard to understand them was part of this."
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- R. D. Laing | New World Encyclopedia
It is notable that Laing never denied the existence of mental illness,
but simply viewed it in a radically different light from his contemporaries.
- Laing, R. D. (1927-1989) | Encyclopedia.com
- Books by R.D. Laing
Amazon ||
thriftbooks||
Routledge
- The psychiatrist who wanted to make madness normal | Article by Steven Brocklehurst | BBC
- Legacies of 'Anti-Psychiatry' and R.D. Laing | Article by Benjamin Noys | Verso Books
- R.D. Laing: A Biography Paperback – by Adrian Charles Laing (Author) | Amazon
Written by his son, this is the first comprehensive, candid, and objective
biography of the pioneer psychologist and guru who died in 1989.
- The Legacy of R. D. Laing: An appraisal of his contemporary relevance / Edition 1 - Paperback
By M. Guy Thompson | Barnes & Noble
- The Crucible of Experience: R. D. Laing and the Crisis of Psychotherapy
By Daniel Burston | Harvard University Press
- The Crucible of Experience: R. D. Laing and the Crisis of Psychotherapy
Hardcover – by Daniel Burston (Author) | Amazon
- Review: The Crucible of Experience: R.D. Laing and The Crisis of Psychotherapy
By Russell, Roberta | Columbia | Academic Commons
- R.D. Laing: A Divided Self: A Biography - Hardcover – by John Clay (Author) | Amazon
Traces the life of the controversial British psychoanalyst, and looks at his theories concerning schizophrenia.
- Sanity, Madness And The Family Families of Schizophrenics - Paperback
By R. D. Laing and A. Esterson | Amazon
- 1st Edition: Sanity, Madness and the Family
By R.D Laing, Aaron Esterson | Routledge
- The rebellious psychiatrists who helped me see beyond the myths and stigma of mental illness
Article by David Shariatmadari | The Guardian
- R. D. Laing: Of Scientism, Spirit, Madness, and the Healing Genius of Relationship
Article/Essay by William Stranger | Dharma Cafe
- The Politics of Experience - Paperback – by R.D. Laing (Author) | Amazon
- The Politics of Experience by R.D. Laing | Penguin Random House
- The Politics of Experience and the Bird of Paradise by R.D. Laing | thriftbooks
- R. D. Laing: The Politics of Experience and The Bird of Paradise | PDF File (164 pages)
- Kingsley Hall: RD Laing's experiment in anti-psychiatry
Article by Sean O'Hagan, 1 Sep 2012 | The Guardian
- R.D. Laing | Spartacus Educational
- R.D. Laing (1927–1989): Existential Psychiatrist | Online Dictionary of Intercultural Philosophy
Long list of Laing and other references.
- The politics of observation: documentary film and radical psychiatry
Article by Des O’Rawe | PDF File (18 pages)
- R.D. Laing’s Language of Experience | Article by Gavin Miller | PsyArt
- Portrait of the Psychiatrist as a Young Man: The Early Writing and Work of R.D. Laing
- R.D. Laing & Anti-Psychopathology: The Myth of Mental Illness Redux
By Michael Guy Thompson | Mad in America
(Adapted from a presentation given today (October 26, 2013) at the “R.D. Laing in the 21st Century”
symposium, at Wagner College in Staten Island, NY)
- R. D. Laing revisited | Article by Allan Beveridge | History of Psychiatry | PDF File (5 pages) | Cambridge
- The Mad, Mad World of R. D. Laing By Perry Meisel | The New York Times
- R.D. Laing, Rebel and Pioneer On Schizophrenia, Is Dead at 61
Article by John T. McQuiston Aug. 24, 1989 | The New York Times
- Remembering R.D. Laing | Article by Robert W. Firestone, Ph.D. | Psychology Today
- Pictures of R.D. Laing | Google Image Search Results
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
"Apparently, a great deal of dark, unseen material exists, whose gravitational
pull is responsible for the motions of the stars and galaxies that we see." - John D. Barrow
- Professor John Barrow - Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics - University of Cambridge
- John Barrow (1952-2020) | Britannica
- Celebrating 2006 Templeton Prize Laureate John Barrow | Article by Benjamin Carlson | Templeton Prize
- John D. Barrow | Wikipedia
- John D. Barrow | counterbalance
- Royal Society Biographical Memoir – John Barrow
The Stephen Hawking Center for Theoretical Cosmology
- In Memoriam: John D. Barrow By Paul Davies on October 10, 2020 | Scientific American
Remembering the maverick physicist who pioneered an “anthropic” approach to cosmology.
- John Barrow obituary | Oct. 27, 2020 | The Guardian
Cosmologist who asked whether the existence of intelligent life has implications for the nature of the universe.
- Remembering Professor John Barrow FRS (1952 – 2020) | The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion
- Obituary, Professor John D. Barrow (1952–2020) | PDF File (10 pages) | arXiv
The Sharpest of Minds by Joao Magueijo and John Webb
- In Memoriam: John D. Barrow (1952 – 2020) | John Templeton Foundation
- John David Barrow - (1952-2020) | Published: July 13, 2022 | The Royal Society Publishing
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Excerpt: "John Barrow wrote dozens of books and hundreds of papers, including more than 10 papers and one book during his final illness, addressing a grand problem: why is the universe the way it is?"
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- John D. Barrow | CounterBalance
- Anthropic principle | New World Encyclopedia
- Anthropic Principle | Wikipedia
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Excerpt: "Stronger yet is the final anthropic principle (FAP), proposed by John D. Barrow and Frank Tipler, which views the universe's structure as expressible by bits of information in such a way that information processing is inevitable and eternal."
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- The Anthropic Cosmological Principle | Barnes & Noble
By John D. Barrow, Frank J. Tipler, John A. Wheeler (Foreword by)
- The Anthropic Cosmological Principle (Oxford Paperbacks) Revised ed. Edition | Amazon
By John D. Barrow (Author), Frank J. Tipler (Author), John A. Wheeler
- The Anthropic Cosmological Principle | Oxford University Press
John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler, Foreword by John A. Wheeler
- Cosmic Imagery: Key Images in the History of Science Illustrated Edition by John D. Barrow (Author) | Amazon
A remarkable book tracing the history and influence of nearly two hundred
iconic images that changed human conceptions of the universe and our place in it.
- On John Barrow (1952-2020) | Article by Paul Gilster | Oct 16, 2020 | Centauri Dreams
- John Barrow: stories of the Universe | Plus
- John David Barrow | Article by David Wands | Physics Today - AIP
- John Barrow and the anthropic cosmological principle | Author: Carlos A. Marmelada | University of Navarra
-
An Interview with John Barrow | Templeton Foundation
- John Barrow Biography | The Royal Society
- Books by John D. Barrow | GoodReads
- Audio Books
- John D. Barrow - Books | Edge
- Books by John D. Barrow | Amazon
- Books by John D. Barrow | thriftbooks
- PI in the Sky: Counting, Thinking, and Being by John D. Barrow | Paperback - Barnes & Noble
- Mysteries of the Mathematical Universe | Video (1:16:470 - World Science Festival - YouTube
- The Artful Universe Expanded by John Barrow - Paperback | BooksaMillion
- The Book of Universes: Exploring the Limits of the Cosmos | Norton
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Excerpt: "John D. Barrow then explains the latest insights that physics and astronomy have to offer about our own universe, showing how they lead to the concept of the “multiverse”—the universe of all possible universes."
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- The Origin of the Universe | Basic Books
- The Anthropic Cosmological Principle | Semantic Scholar
- The Anthropic Cosmological Principle | PDF File (727 pages)
By John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler (Authors), John A. Wheeler (Foreword)
- Cosmology and The Constants of Nature (John Barrow) | Video (55:20) - YouTube
- Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology, and Complexity 1st Edition | Amazon
By John D. Barrow, Paul C. W. Davies, and Charles L. Harper Jr (Editors)
- John D. Barrow: Is the world simple or complex? | Video (13:38) - YouTube
"The Universe, so physicists tell us, is governed by a few basic laws of nature. But how can that be?"
- The Book of Universes - Professor John D. Barrow at Gresham College | Video (1:05:12 - YouTube
This is a lecture about universes, a story that revolves around a single unusual and unappreciated fact:
that Einstein's famous theory of relativity describe universes -- entire universes.
- Quotes by John Barrow | Fancy Quotes
"There was no “before” the beginning of our universe, because once upon a time there was no time."
- John D. Barrow Quotes | AZ Quotes
- Pictures of John Barrow | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
"Before there were space and time, there was empty, formless stillness. The vacuum seethed
with ghost virtual particles coming into being in conjugate pairs of matter and anti-matter."
"Spacetime is but a large-scale manifestation of some more fundamental entity."
"Space and Time can be born and thus can die.1"
From: Barrow, John D.; Pi In The Sky
- The Ontology of Spacetime by D. Dieks and M. Redei | PDF File (307 pages) | StrangeBeautiful
- The Ontology of Spacetime by Dennis Dieks Professor Ph.D. M.Sc. (Editor) | Amazon
(Philosophy and Foundations of Physics, Volume 1) 1st Edition
- The Ontology of Spacetime: Volume 1 | thriftbooks
- The Ontology of Spacetime 1st Edition - July 10, 2006
Editor: Dennis Dieks | Elsevier
- The Ontology of Spacetime II
1st Edition - June 17, 2008 Editor: Dennis Dieks | Elsevier
- The Ontology of Spacetime II | Science Direct
- The Ontology of Spacetime II Hardcover - by Dennis Dieks Professor Ph.D. M.Sc. (Editor) | Amazon
(Philosophy and Foundations of Physics, Volume 4) 1st Edition
- The Ontology of Spacetime II Paperback – by Dennis Dieks (Editor) | Amazon
- The Ontology of Spacetime II: Volume 4
Dennis Dieks (Volume Editor) | Bookshop.org
- Flow of time: reality or illusion? by Kasia M. Jasszczolt | Oxford University Press
- What Can We Learn about the Ontology of Space and Time from the Theory of Relativity by John D. Norton | Oxford Academic
- On the ontology of spacetime: by Gustavo E. Romero | PDF File (23 pages) | PhilSci Archive - University of Pittsburgh
Substantivalism, relationism, eternalism, and emergence
- On the ontology of spacetime: Substantivalism, relationism, eternalism, and emergence by Gustavo E. Romero
"I propose an ontological theory for the emergence of spacetime from more basic entities."
- Formal ontology of space, time, and physical
entities in Classical Mechanics | PDF File (39 pages) by Thomas Bittner
Department of Philosophy, State University of New York at Buffalo.
- Mathematical Models of Spacetime in Contemporary Physics and Essential Issues of the Ontology of Spacetime by Maciej Gos | Boston University
- Comparative Ontology of Theories of Space and Time | Journal of Modern Physics
- Causal Dynamical Triangulations
- TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE… OR IS IT? | World Science Festival
- Biography: Freeman John Dyson (1923-2020) | MacTutor
- Freeman Dyson (1923-2020) | Britannica
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Excerpt: "He wrote a number of books, including Weapons and Hope (1984), Origins of Life (1985), Infinite in All Directions (1988), Imagined Worlds (1998), and The Sun, the Genome, and the Internet (1999). Disturbing the Universe (1979) and the epistolary Maker of Patterns (2018) are autobiographies."
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- Freeman Dyson | Edge
Physicist, Institute of Advanced Study; Author, Disturbing the Universe; Maker of Patterns
- Search Results for Freeman Dyson in the magazine Physics World
- Freeman Dyson - Web of Stories - 157 videos - YouTube
- Freeman Dyson's Brain | Wired Magazine
Stewart Brand talks to the deepest futurist alive - and the most trustworthy.
- Freeman Dyson, Part I: From Physics to the Far Future | YouTube
Video (26:46) - with Robert Lawrence Kuhn - Episode 2101 | Closer To Truth
- Freeman Dyson's Interview | Video (1:49:08) - YouTube
- Dyson Sphere | Wikipedia
- A Dyson sphere harvests the energy of stars | EarthSky
- Dyson Sphere | Energy Education
- Remembering the Unstoppable Freeman Dyson | Quanta Magazine
Freeman Dyson — physicist, mathematician, writer and idea factory — died on February 28, but his vitality lives on.
- Freeman Dyson obituary | The Guardian
- Freeman J. Dyson 1923–2020: Legendary physicist, writer, and fearless intellectual explorer | PNAS
- Freeman Dyson, Math Genius Turned Technological Visionary, Dies at 96 | The New York Times
- Freeman J. Dyson (1923-2020) | Biographical Memoirs | PDF File (20 pages) | National Academy of Sciences
A Biographical Memoir by William H. Press and Ann K. Finkbeiner
- Books by Freeman Dyson | Amazon
- List of Books by Freeman Dyson | thriftbooks
- Books by Freeman Dyson | Showing 30 distinct works - goodreads
- Freeman Dyson | New York Review Books
- "Well, Doc, You're In": Freeman Dyson’s Journey through the Universe |
David Kaiser (Editor) | MIT Press Bookstore
- Freeman Dyson | Wikipedia
- Scientist of the Day - Freeman Dyson | Decmber 15, 2021 | Linda Hall Library
- Freeman Dyson: the visionary thinker and maverick scientist who challenged authority | May 16, 2023 - Physics World
- Freeman Dyson | IAS: Institute for Advanced Study
- Infinite in All Directions
by Freeman Dyson | Barnes & Noble
- Pictures of Freeman John Dyson | Google Image Search Results
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 was awarded jointly to Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles."
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- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 was awarded jointly to Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles."
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- The Offical Site of Richard Feynman
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 was awarded jointly to Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
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- Biographical - Richard Feynman - The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965
- Richard P. Feynman - 1965 Nobel Laureate in Physics | The Nobel Prize Internet Archive
- Feynman's Nobel Year | Caltech
- Richard Feynman Theoretical Physicist Los Alamos, NM | Atomic Heritage Foundation
- Richard Feynman (1918 - 1988) | Atomic Archive
- Richard Feynman - (Physicist, Los Alamos Theoretical Division) | The Manhattan Project
- Manhattan Project Scientists: Richard P. Feynman | National Park Service
- Richard Feynman - Scientist, Teacher, Raconteur, Musician
- Richard Feynman | MacTutor
- Richard Feynman at 100 | Paul Halpern celebrates the oeuvre of the brilliant, unconventional scientist. | Nature
- Journal Information
"Nature is a weekly international journal publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in all fields of science and technology..."
- Richard Feynman | Britannica
- Richard Feynman | New World Encyclopedia
- When Feynman met Dirac | Essay by Jorgen Veisdal
- Genius: Richard Feynman and Modern Physics | by James Gleick
The life of Richard Feynman and the story of modern physics itself.
- Richard Feynman Dead at 69; Leading Theoretical Physicist | by James Gleick - Feb. 17, 1988 | The New York Times
- Richard Feynman on Quantum Mechanics Part 1 - Photons Corpuscles of Light | Video (1:17:58) - YouTube
- The Feynman Lectures on Physics
Caltech's Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy and The Feynman Lectures Website
are pleased to present this online edition.
- The Feynman Lectures on Physics | goodreads
Authors: Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands
- Book: The Feynman Lectures on Physics | PDF File (1367 pages)
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This book is based upon a course of lectures in introductory physics given by Prof. R. P. Feynman at the California Institute of Technology during the academic year 1961-62; it covers the first year of the two-year introductory course taken by all Caltech freshmen and sophomores, and was followed in 1962-63 by a similar series covering the second year.
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- Dr. Richard Feynman Collection | Penn Libraries - University of Pennsylvania
- Path Integrals in Quantum Mechanics | PDF File (14 pages) | MIT
- Feynman Path Integral: Formulation of Quantum Dynamics by Masatsugu Sei Suzuki and Itsuko S. Suzuki
PDF File (119 pages) | Binghamton University
- The sum over all possibilities: The path integral formulation of quantum theory | Einstein Online
- Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals: Emended Edition | Dover Publications
Authors: Daniel F. Styer, Richard P. Feynman, Albert R. Hibbs
- Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals: Emended Edition | Barnes & Noble
Authors: Richard P. Feynman, Albert R. Hibbs, Daniel F. Styer
- Feynman Path Integrals in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Physics 1st Edition by Lukong Cornelius Fai | Amazon
- Some remarks on history and pre-history of Feynman path integral by Daniel Parrochia | PDF File (26 pages) | arXiv
- How Reality May Be a Sum of All Possible Realities | Wired
- How Our Reality May Be a Sum of All Possible Realities | Quanta Magazine
- Books by Richard P. Feynman | thriftbooks
- Books by Richard Feynman | goodreads
- Books by Richard Feynman | Amazon
- "Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!": Adventures of a Curious Character
By Richard P. Feynman, Ralph Leighton (Editor) | Barnes & Noble
- Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! (Adventures of a Curious Character) | Amazon
A New York Times bestseller-the outrageous exploits of one of this
century's greatest scientific minds and a legendary American original.
- Review: “Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman!” | E.F. Sunland
- Who Is Richard Feynman? The Curious Character Who Mastered Thinking and Physics
- Richard Feynman - The World from another point of view | Video (36 minutes) - YouTube
- The complete FUN TO IMAGINE with Richard Feynman | Video (1:06:49) - YouTube
- What Impossible Meant to Richard Feynman | by Paul Steinhardt - November 24, 2021
- A Short Talk about Richard Feynman (2005) | Stephen Wolfram
- Remembering Richard Feynman | April 4, 2018 | Caltech
- Pictures of Richard Feynman | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918 - Max Planck | Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918 was awarded to Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta"
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- Award ceremony speech
Presentation Speech by Dr. A.G. Ekstrand, President of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, on June 1, 1920
- Max Planck | Biographical
- Max Planck | Cosmos - ESA
- Max Planck: Originator of quantum theory | ESA
- Max Planck | Britannica
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Max Planck, in full Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, (born April 23, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig [Germany]—died October 4, 1947, Göttingen, Germany), German theoretical physicist who originated quantum theory, which won him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1918.
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- Max Planck -
President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society from 1930 to 1937
- Max Planck and the birth of quantum theory, part 1 | Video - YouTube
- Max Planck and the birth of quantum theory, part 2 | Video - YouTube
In his search for a formula to describe blackbody radiation across
the whole spectrum, Max Planck uncovered the quantum nature of energy.
- Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck | MacTutor
- Pioneers in the Optical Sciences | Molecular Expressions
- Max Planck (1858-1947) | Molecular Expressions
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Excerpt: "Max Planck, a German physicist, is best known as the originator of the quantum theory of energy for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1918. His work contributed significantly to the understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. Planck made significant contributions to science throughout his life. He is recognized for his successful work in a variety of fields including, thermodynamics, optics, statistical mechanics, and physical chemistry."
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- Books by Planck, Max | Project Gutenberg
- Books by Max Planck | thriftbooks
- Books by Max Planck | Showing 30 distinct books | goodreads
- Max Planck | BIBLIO
- Rethinking Reality | Science News
- Max Planck and how the dramatic birth of quantum physics changed the world | Big Think
- Planck discovers the quantum nature of energy 1900 | PBS.org
- Max Planck: the reluctant revolutionary | Personalities | Physics World
- Quantum Theory: Max Planck | Space and Motion
- From Plato to Max Planck: The Philosophical Problems of Atomic Physics | November 1959 Issue - The Atlantic
- Max Planck Quotes | Wikiquote
- Max Planck and the Quantum Theory | SciHi
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"I regard consciousness as fundamental. I regard matter as derivative from consciousness. We cannot get behind consciousness. Everything that we talk about, everything that we regard as existing, postulates consciousness."
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- Quantum mechanics and the consciousness connection by Susan Borowski | AAAS
- Max Planck and The Mind Who is the Matrix of all Matter | AISH.com
- Physics Must Evolve Beyond the Physical | Springer Link
- The finer scale of consciousness: quantum theory | NCBI - NLM
Authors: Tianwen Li, Hailiang Tang, Jianhong Zhu, and John H. Zhang
- Pictures of Max Planck | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 was awarded to Niels Henrik David Bohr
"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"
|
- Nobel Prize Biographical (1885-1962)
"A liquid drop would, according to this view, give a very good picture of the nucleus."
- FACTS
- Niels Bohr | Atomic Heritage Foundation
- Niels Bohr Archive
- Niels Bohr | Britannica
- Niels Henrik David Bohr | MacTutor
- Nobel-Winning Physicist Niels Bohr on Subjective vs. Objective Reality and the Uses of Religion in a Secular World
By Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Niels Bohr Institute
- Niels Bohr 1885 - 1962 | PBS - People and Discoveries
- Postulates and Principles of Quantum Mechanics | Libre Texts
- Complementarity (physics) | Wikipedia
In physics, complementarity is a conceptual aspect of quantum mechanics that Niels Bohr regarded as an essential feature of the theory.
- “No Fugitive and Cloistered Virtue” - A tribute to Niels Bohr by John A. Wheeler | Physics Today
- On the violation of Bell’s inequality for all non-product quantum states | PDF File (12 pages)
Authors: Carlo Cafaro, Sean Alan Ali, and Adom Giffin
- Philosophy and the Interpretation of Quantum Physics | Badis Ydri | IOP Science
- Reintroducing the Concept of Complementarity into Psychology | Frontiers in Psychology
- Spooky predictions at a distance: reality, complementarity and contextuality in quantum theory
Arkady Plotnitsky | The Royal Society Publishing
- complementarity principle | Britannica
- Significance of Complementarity in Physics: Dialectica | Nature
- Complementarity (physics) | Wikipedia
- The complementarity principle
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"The wave and particle models are both required for a complete description of matter and of electromagnetic radiation. Since these two models are mutually exclusive, they cannot be used simultaneously. Each experiment, or the experimenter who designs the experiment, selects one or the other description as the proper description for that experiment."
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- Complementarity and the Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics | University of Toronto Physics
- The Mind-Expanding Power of Complementarity by Frank Wilzcek | Scientific American
Embracing divergent perspectives at the same time is a key to understanding reality.
- Complementarity Principle | LBL.gov
- Rethinking reality | Science News
"Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein disagreed over the nature of reality;
Einstein famously said that he could not believe that God would play dice with the universe."
- Einstein, Bohr and the Quantum Dilemma: From Quantum Theory to Quantum Information | Amazon
2nd Edition by Andrew Whitaker (Author)
- Einstein, Bohr and the war over quantum theory | Nature
- Quantum Theory: The Einstein/Bohr Debate of 1927 | American Museum of Natural History
- "Einstein, Bohr and the Quantum Dilemma: From Quantum Theory to Quantum Information" | Cambridge University Press
- Einstein, Bohr and the Quantum Dilemma | by Andrew Whitaker | Google Books
- Quantum Computing - The Einstein-Bohr Debates | Video (10 minutes) - YouTube
- Quantum Entanglement and the Great Bohr-Einstein Debate | Video (14 minutes) - YouTube
- Niels Bohr's Times,: In Physics, Philosophy, and Polity by Abraham Pais- Oxford University Press | Publisher's Weekly
- Books by Niels Bohr | Amazon
- Books by Niels Bohr | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Niels Bohr and the Philosophy of Physics: Twenty-First-Century Perspectives
By Jan Faye (Editor), Henry Folse (Editor) | Barnes & Noble
- Niels Bohr - Books | BIBLIO
- Niels Bohr Collected Works | Niels Bohr Archive
- Niels Bohr Collected Works - Available in PDF Format | Science Direct
- The Philosophical Writings of Niels Bohr | Google Books
- Discussion with Einstein on Epistemology by Niels Bohr | The Greatest Books
- Searching for books where Author is Niels Bohr - Book is written in English | Book Finder
- Top 80 Niels Bohr Quotes
- Brainy Quotes by Niels Bohr
- Niels Bohr | Wikipedia
- Bohr's Model | Britannica
- The Atomic Model | Britannica
- Bohr's Atomic Model & Limitations | Includes video - Science Ready
- Limitations of Bohr’s Model | UN Academy
- The Bohr model: The famous but flawed depiction of an atom | by Tereza Pultarova | Space.com
- The Bohr Model of the Atom | National Science Teaching Association
- Pictures of Niels Bohr | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929 to Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929 was awarded to Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons"
- Louis De Broglie | Facts
- Louis de Broglie - Biographical
- Louis De Broglie | Britannica
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Louis de Broglie, in full Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7e duc de Broglie, (born August 15, 1892, Dieppe, France—died March 19, 1987, Louveciennes), French physicist best known for his research on quantum theory and for predicting the wave nature of electrons. He was awarded the 1929 Nobel Prize for Physics.
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- Louis de Broglie | Wikipedia
- Louis de Broglie | Famous Scientists
- Louis de Broglie (1892-1987) | FSU
- October 18, 1933: Louis de Broglie elected to Academy | APS News
- Bohmian Mechanics | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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Bohmian mechanics, which is also called the de Broglie-Bohm theory, the pilot-wave model, and the causal interpretation of quantum mechanics, is a version of quantum theory discovered by Louis de Broglie in 1927 and rediscovered by David Bohm in 1952.
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- The One Theory of Quantum Mechanics That Actually Kind of Makes Sense | Popular Mechanics
- On Truth and Reality - The Wave Structure of Matter in Space
- Pilot Wave Theory and Quantum Realism | Space Time | PBS Digital Studio | Video - YouTube
- Wave Particle Duality (Louis-Victor de Broglie) | Purdue University
- Atoms and Light Energy | Imagine the Universe - NASA
- De Broglie–Bohm theory | Wikipedia
- De Broglie-Bohm Theory: A Hidden Variables Approach to
Quantum Mechanics by Robert Dabin | Dissertation PDF (42 pages)
- Pilot Wave Theory and Quantum Fields by Matthias Lienert | PDF File (34 pages) | PhilSci Archives
- Books by Louis de Broglie | thriftbooks
- Books by Louis de Broglie | Amazon
- Books by Louis de Broglie | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Books by Louis de Broglie | BIBLIO
- The Revolution in Physics – Louis de Broglie (1953) (1st ed) | GOHD BOOKS
- An Introduction To The Study Of Wave Mechanics - Hardcover by De Broglie, Louis | ABE Books
- The Wave-Particle Dualism: S. Diner (Editor), D. Fargue (Editor), G. Lochak (Editor) | MIT Press Bookstore
Tribute to Louis de Broglie on His 90th Birthday (Fundamental Theories of Physics #3)
- Matter Wave | Wikipedia
- Revisiting Louis de Broglie's famous 1924 paper in the Philosophical Magazine | Taylor & Francis Online
- De Broglie's atomic model (1924 AD)
- On the Theory of Quanta | PDF File (81 pages) Louis-Victor de Broglie (1892-1987)
- Louis de Broglie, the Prince of Quantum | BBVA
- The de Broglie Wave as Evidence of a Deeper Wave Structure by Daniel Shanahan
PDF File (18 pages) | PhilSci Archives
- The guidance theorem of de Broglie by Aurelien Drezet | PDF File (22 pages) - HAL Science
- Wave Nature of Matter and De Broglie's Equation | byjus
- Great Physicists: Louis-Victor de Broglie | Video - YouTube
- De-Broglie Wavelength \ Five-minute video - YouTube
As you might know, on the righthand side of the page is a long list of relevant videos.
- Pictures of Louis de Broglie | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- David Bohm Society
- David Bohm (1917–1992)
- Books
Last modified on February 24, 2023
- David Bohm | Famous Scientists
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In 1959 Bohm and Yakir Aharonov discovered the Aharonov–Bohm effect. This states that a quantum phenomenon in which a particle is effected by electromagnetic fields even when traveling through a region of space in which both electric and magnetic fields are zero.
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- David Bohm | Britannica
- David Bohm | Wikipedia
- David Bohm (1917 - 1992) | Scienceology
- Who was David Bohm? | Study.com
- David Bohm's Pilot Wave Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics | Sabine Hossenfelder - Video (11:51) - YouTube
- The de Broglie Pilot Wave Theory and the Further Development of New Insights Arising Out of It
By D.J. Bohm and B.J. Hiley | PDF File - UC Davis
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"We briefly review the history of de Broglie's notion of the "double solution" and of the ideas which developed from this. We then go on to an extension of these ideas to the many-body system, and bring out the nonloeality implied in such an extension. Finally, we summarize further developments that have stemmed from de Broglie' s suggestions."
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- David Bohm, Quantum Mechanics and Enlightenment | July 23, 2018 - Scientific American
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Excerpt: "In 1952 Bohm proposed that particles are indeed particles--and at all times, not just when they are observed in a certain way. Their behavior is determined by a force that Bohm called the "pilot wave." Any effort to observe a particle alters its behavior by disturbing the pilot wave."
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- De Broglie–Bohm theory | Wikipedia
- Bohmian Mechanics | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Bohmian Interpretation of quantum mechanics | Quantum Physics Lady
- Is the de Broglie-Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics really plausible? by Kurt Jung - Article PDF - IOP
- Rekindling of de Broglie–Bohm Pilot Wave Theory in the Late Twentieth Century: A Personal Account | Springer Link
- On a Common Misconception Regarding the de Broglie–Bohm Theory | NCBI - NLM
- On interpretations of quantum mechanics, no-hidden-variables "theorems," and physics by Nickola S. Todorov | PDF File (38 pages)
fondationlouisdebroglie.org
- De Broglie-Bohm Theory: A Hidden Variables Approach to
Quantum Mechanics | Dissertation by Rober Dabin
PDF File (42 pages) - Imperial College
- New Support for Alternative Quantum View | by Dan Falk - Quanta Magazine
- Forewords for the special issue 'Pilot-wave and beyond: | arXiv
Louis de Broglie and David Bohm's quest for a quantum ontology
- Pilot-wave and beyond: | Springer Link
Louis de Broglie and David Bohm’s quest for a quantum ontology
- Could an Overlooked Quantum Theory Help The Universe Make Sense Again? | Science Alert
- The Theory of Bohm | Britannica
- What is a Pilot Wave?
- David Bohm's Books | goodreads
- Books by David Bohm | thriftbooks
- Books by David Bohm | BIBLIO
- David Bohm's Featured Books | alibris
- Wholeness and the Implicate Order
David Bohm presents a rational and scientific theory which explains cosmology and the nature of reality.
Written clearly, it is essential reading for those interested in physics, philosophy and psychology.
- The Ending of Time | Jiddu Krishnamurti and Dr. David Bohm | Krishnamurti Foundation
- David Bohm Books | Amazon
- The Ending of Time (Dialogue) by J. Krishnamurti, David Bohm | BIBLIO
- Audio Books by David Bohm | audible
- David Bohm speaks about Wholeness and Fragmentation | Video - YouTube
- Fragmentation and Wholeness in the Lives and Work of David Bohm and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- David Bohm, Implicate Order and Holomovement | Science and Nonduality
- Unity and Multiplicity | PDF File (18 pages) | Gurdjieff and the Fourth Way
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Physicist David Bohm: “The whole is present in each part, in each level of existence. The living reality, which is total and unbroken and undivided, is in everything.”
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- Metaphors of Consciousness | Springer Link
- Bohm's Gnosis: The Implicate Order
- Bohm, Pribram and the Holographic Model | David Center
- Wholeness and the Implicate Order: Physicist David Bohm on Bridging Consciousness and Reality
By Maria Popova - The Marginalian
- ‘Wholeness and the Implicate Order’ by David Bohm – A masterpiece of thinking - A Summary
- David Bohm's Theory of the Implicate Order: Implications for Holistic Thought Processes | PDF File (15 pages)
"David Bohm's theory of quantum physics, which focuses on the schism between matter and consciousness,
is discussed in terms of positivist knowledge and the interdisciplinary holistic paradigm."
- Wholeness and the Implicate Order by David Bohm | Taylor Francis
- Wholeness and the Implicate Order by David Bohm | Amazon
- Implicate and explicate order | Wikipedia
- The Essential David Bohm | Edited by Lee Nichol | PDF File (360 pages)
- David Bohm and Nietzsche: Reality/Consciousness | Philosophy and Quantum Theory
Includes 21-minute Video
- Pictures of David Bohm 'et al' | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932 was awarded to Werner Karl Heisenberg
"for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"
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- Werner Heisenberg - Biographical | The Nobel Prize
- Werner Heiseneberg - FACTS
- Heisenberg Web Exhibit | AIP: American Institute of Physics
- Werner Heisenberg | Britannica
- Werner Heisenberg | Wikipedia
- Werner Karl Heisenberg | MacTutor
- The quantum mechanical model of the atom | Khan Academy
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Introduction to the quantum mechanical model of the atom: Thinking about electrons as probabilistic matter waves using the de Broglie wavelength, the Schrödinger equation, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Electron spin and the Stern-Gerlach experiment.
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- Schrodinger & Heisenberg | History of Atomic Theory
- Bohr & Heisenberg: Two Physicists in Occupied Copenhagen | Blog - Lindau Nobel Laureates Meetings
- The Mysterious Meeting between Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg | National WWII Museum - New Orleans
- "Einstein and Heisenberg: The Controversy over Quantum Physics" by Konrad Kleinknecht, Springer | Book Review
- Encounters with Einstein Reprint Edition by Werner Heisenberg (Author) | Amazon
- The Uncertainty Principle | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- February 1927: Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle | APS: American Physical Society
- What Is the Uncertainty Principle and Why Is It Important? | CalTech
- Explainer: Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle | The Conversation
- The more general uncertainty principle, regarding Fourier transforms | Video (18 minutes) - YouTube
-
Quantum Mechanics | Basic Idea of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle | Video - YouTube
- What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle? A wave packet approach | Video (1:01:56) - YouTube
- Earle Hesse Kennard | Wikipedia
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During a 1926 sabbatical spent at the University of Göttingen, he learned the newly developing quantum mechanics of Werner Heisenberg and Pascual Jordan. With this knowledge, he derived the first rigorous form of the uncertainty principle and fully solved several simple quantum mechanics problems for the first time.
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- Werner Heisenberg: controversial scientist | Physics World
- Werner Heisenberg, quantum mechanics pioneer | Blog | europeana
In 1933, he was in very good company: Paul Dirac and Erwin Schrödinger received their Nobel Prizes the same year.
- Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) | The Physics of the Universe
- The Drama in the Development of Quantum Mechanics in 1926-27 by Werner Heisenberg | San Jose State University
- What is Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle? | The Guardian
- Werner Heisenberg (1901 - 1976) | People and Discoveries | PBS
- Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings
- Prof. Dr. Werner Karl Heisenberg > Research Profile | Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings
- Werner Heisenberg --- Founding Father of Quantum Mechanics
Center for Advanced Studies in Science and Spirituality
- Matrix Mechanics | Wikipedia
- Heisenberg's entryway to matrix mechanics | Wikipedia
- On Matrix Mechanics | Mathpages
- Heisenberg’s Matrix Mechanics | PDF File (11 pages)
- Why were Matrix Mechanics and Wave Mechanics considered equivalent? | Science Direct
- Matrix Mechanics | PDF File (8 pages) | Information Philosopher
- The Four Primary Formulations of Quantum Mechanics | The Birth of Quantum Mechanics
PDF File (22 pages) | University of Washington
- From Matrix Mechanics and Wave Mechanics to Unified Quantum Mechanics by B. L. van der Waerden
PDF File (6 pages) | American Mathematical Society
- Einstein vs quantum mechanics … and why he’d be a convert today | The Conversation
- The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory by Heisenberg | Amazon
In this classic, based on lectures delivered at the University of Chicago,
Heisenberg presents a complete physical picture of quantum theory.
- Quantum Mechanis - Heisenberg and Schrodinger | Quantum Physics & Consciousness
- The Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Theory | Marxist.org
- Physicists push limits of Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle | Big Think
- Consciousness and Quantum Mechanics | Thomas McFarlane | Integral Science.org
- Quantum Physics: Werner Heisenberg | On Truth & Reality
- Can Quantum Effects Explain Consciousness? | Mcgill University
- Heisenberg, the Quantum Philosopher | bbva
- The Participating Mind in the Quantum Universe | PDF File (18 pages) | Chapman University
- Scientists show Heisenberg's intuition correct | Science News
- How Much Can We Know? | Nature
- What Does Quantum Theory Actually Tell Us about Reality? | Scientific American
- Pictures of Werner Heisenberg | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954 was divided equally between Max Born "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction" and Walther Bothe "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith"
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- Max Born | Biographical
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"During the years 1925 and 1926 he published, with Heisenberg and Jordan, investigations on the principles of quantum mechanics (matrix mechanics) and soon after this, his own studies on the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics."
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- Max Born - Facts
- Max Born | Wikipedia
- Biography of Max Born, Nobel Prize-Winning Physicist | ThoughtCo
- Max Born | Britannica
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Max Born is most famous for his work on quantum mechanics, especially his realization that the wave function can be interpreted as the probability amplitude of finding a particle at a specific point in space at a specific moment in time.
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- Max Born (1882 - 1970) | Atomic Archive
- Max Born | MacTutor
- The Life of Max Born - Timeline | Max Born Institute
- Max Born | AIP
- Max Born and the statistical interpretation of the Wave Function by Harald Sack | Blog - SciHi.org
- Max Born, the man to whom Einstein wrote letters
- Max Born: Searching for a Consistent Philosophical System | Science Meets Faith
- 10 Fun Facts About Max Born
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Max Born and Werner Heisenberg were two of the most influential physicists of the 20th century, and together they formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics. And, His statistical interpretation of the wave function was a major breakthrough in the field, and his work continues to be highly influential in modern physics.
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- Max Born Award | OPTICA
- The Restless Universe by Max Born | Dover Publications
- The Restless Universe - Illustrated Edition
by Max Born (Author) | Amazon
- The Restless Universe by Max Born | goodreads
- The Restless Universe by Max Born | Barnes & Noble
- Atomic Physics: 8th Edition by Max Born | Barnes & Noble
- Atomic Physics by Max Born | goodreads
- Atomic Physics: 8th Edition (Dover Books on Physics) Eighth Edition by Max Born (Author) | Amazon
"Atomic Physics is based upon a series of lectures on physics that Born gave in Germany in 1933."
- My Life & My Views - Hardcover - by Max Born (Author), I. Bernard Cohen (Introduction) | Amazon
- 1st Edition My Life: Recollections of a Nobel Laureate by Max Born | Routledge
- My Life: Recollections of a Nobel Laureate by Max Born | thriftbooks
- My life: Recollections of a Nobel Laureate
by Born, Max | BIBLIO
- The Mechanics Of The Atom - Hardcover – by Max Born (Author) | Amazon
- The Mechanics of the Atom by Max Born | goodreads
- Books by Max Born | thriftbooks
- Books by Max Born | Amazon
- Books by Max Born | BIBLIO
- Born–Oppenheimer approximation | Wikipedia
The approach is named after Max Born and his 23-year-old graduate student J. Robert Oppenheimer,
the latter of whom proposed it in 1927 during a period of intense ferment in the development of quantum mechanics.
- Max Born
| Nobel-prizewinning quantum and atomic physicist | by Richard Webb - New Scientist
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Excerpt: "Central to the picture is perhaps Born’s most famous single contribution to physics, and the basis of his Nobel prize: the “Born rule”. This is a mathematical rule that says how you can calculate the probability of measuring any particular value of a quantum object’s position, momentum or any other property from information contained in its quantum wave function."
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- The Quantum Leap: How Max Born Changed Our View of the Universe by Arun | Medium
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Excerpt: "Max Born looked at this puzzle (individual particles behaving like waves) and had a groundbreaking insight. Instead of seeing the wave-like behavior as a description of the particle’s physical state, he proposed that it represented probabilities. In other words, these waves didn’t show where a particle is but rather where it’s likely to be."
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- "The Nature of Consciousness" by Piero Scaruffi
"As Born put it, the motion of particles follows the law of probabilities,
but the probability itself follows the law of causality."
- Max Born, the Quantum Physicist who Believed that “God Plays Dice” | BBVA
- #9 IQ overload: Max Born | steemit
- Max Born's Quotes | Brainy Quotes
- Max Born > Quotes | goodreads
- Pictures of Max Born | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 was awarded jointly to Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory."
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- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 - Erwin Schrödinger and Paul A.M. Dirac
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 was awarded jointly to Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory"
- Paul Dirac - Biographical (1902-1984) | The Nobel Prize
"The importance of Dirac’s work lies essentially in his famous wave equation,
which introduced special relativity into Schrödinger’s equation."
- Paul Dirac
"In 1928, Dirac derived a relativistic wave equation for the electron, using both
quantum mechanics and relativity, which predicted the existence of antimatter."
- Biography of Physicist Paul Dirac | The Man Who Discovered Antimatter | Thought Co
- P.A.M. Dirac | Britannica
- Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (1902-1984) | MacTutor
Summary: Paul Dirac is famous as the creator of the complete theoretical formulation of quantum mechanics.
- P.A.M. Dirac | AIP
- Great Physicists: Paul A.M. Dirac - The Taciturn Genius | Video (21 minutes) - YouTube
- Paul Dirac | Wikipedia
- Paul Dirac - Lived 1902 – 1984 | Famous Scientists
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“[Projective geometry] was most useful for research… When I had obtained a particular result, I translated it into an analytic form and put down the argument in terms of equations.” Paul Dirac Recollections of an Exciting Era, 1977.
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- New materials add wider perspective to Paul Dirac Collection | Florida State University
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The new materials, most of which are from the early part of Dirac's career, consist of family documents and professional papers, including letters, postcards, travel books, souvenirs, brochures, published materials, conference and event information, financial statements and legal documents.
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- Dirac Equation | Science Direct
- The Dirac Equation | UCSD
- 'The most magical equation in physics': By Marcus Chown published August 05, 2023 | Live Science
How Paul Dirac accidentally revealed the strange world of antimatter.
"Of all the equations of physics, perhaps the most magical is the Dirac equation."
- Dirac Equation | BYJU'S
- The Dirac Equation and its Interpretations by Mário Bacelar Valente | PDF File (20 pages) | PhilSci Archive
- The Strangest Man: The Hidden Life of Paul Dirac, Mystic of the Atom by Graham Farmelo | Google Books
- Dirac's Theory of the Electron | The Dirac Hamiltonian | Libre Texts
- The Quantum Theory of the Electron by Dirac, Paul | BIBLIO
In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, vol. 117, pp. 610-624
-
The Quantum Theory of the Electron by P.A.M. Dirac - St. John's College, Cambridge
PDF File (15 pages) The Royal Society Publishing
- The Quantum Theory of the Electron. by P. A. M. Dirac, St. John's College, Cambridge
PDF File - Rensselaer
- Definition: Quantum Theory by Ivy Wigmore | Techtarget
- Paul A.M. Dirac - BOOKS | Amazon
- Development of Quantum Theory: J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize Acceptance Speech | Amazon
1st Edition by P. Dirac (Author)
- The Development of Quantum Theory: J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize Acceptance Speech | Google Books
- The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by Paul A.M. Dirac | goodreads
- Paul Dirac and The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by Helge Kragh
Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge
- The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by P. A. M. Dirac (Author) | Amazon
(International Series of Monographs on Physics) 4th Edition
- Paul A.M. Dirac’s The Principles of Quantum Mechanics | PDF File (70 pages) | University of Washington
- The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac | Google Books
- The Principles of Quantum Mechanics | Wikipedia
- Dirac relativistic electron theory - Masatsugu Sei Suzuki
Department of Physics, SUNY at Binghamton | PDF File (149 pages)
- Fundamental interaction | New World Encyclopedia
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Starting around 1927, Paul Dirac unified quantum mechanics with the relativistic theory of electromagnetism; the theory of quantum electrodynamics was completed in the 1940s by Richard Feynman, Freeman Dyson, Julian Schwinger, and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga.
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- Paul Dirac: the purest soul in physics | Physics World
- 02 January 1928: Dirac's equation predicts antiparticles | CERN
- Google Image Search Results for "Dirac's Equation"
Each image is asociated with a webpage or site.
- Who Was Paul Dirac?
- Paul Dirac | New World Encyclopedia
- Simply Dirac | Legacy | Pressbooks
- Paul Dirac: a physicist of few words | Frank Close | Nature
- How Our Reality May Be a Sum of All Possible Realities | Quanta Magazine
- The Lagrangian in Quantum Mechanics by P.A.M. Dirac | PDF File (21 pages)
- Pictures of P.A.M. Dirac | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945 was awarded to Wolfgang Pauli
"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle"
- Wolfgang Pauli | Biographical
- Wolfgang Pauli: FACTS
- Wolfgang Pauli | MacTutor
|
"Pauli received his doctorate, which had been supervised by Sommerfeld, in July 1921 for a thesis on the quantum theory of ionised molecular hydrogen. In his report on the thesis Sommerfeld wrote that it showed:-
... like his many already published smaller investigations and his larger encyclopedia article, the full command of the tools of mathematical physics."
|
- Wolfgang Pauli | Magnet Academy from the National Maglab
- Wolfgang Ernst Pauli | Famous Scientists
- Wolfgang Pauli | Encyclopedia.com
- Wolfgang Ernst Pauli| PDF File (19 pages) | The Royal Society
- Nobel-Winning Physicist Wolfgang Pauli on Science, Spirit, and Our Search for Meaning by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Wolfgang Pauli | IAS
- Wolfgang Pauli (1900–1958) | ETH Library
- Wolfgang Pauli | Britannica
|
After completing a doctorate in theoretical physics in 1921, Pauli worked as an assistant to Max Born at the University of Göttingen (1921–22) and as an assistant to Wilhelm Lenz at the University of Hamburg (1922).
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- Wolfgang Pauli: The Conscience of Physics Came From Vienna
- Wolfgang Pauli | Wikipedia
Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (25 April 1900 – 15 December 1958) was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics.
- January 1925: Wolfgang Pauli announces the exclusion principle | APS News
- What causes the Pauli Exclusion Principle? | Video (20 minutes) - YouTube
- The Pauli Exclusion Principle | Lumen Learning Physics Course
- Pauli exclusion principle | Britannica
- Wolfgang Pauli and the Exclusion Principle | MacTutor
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"In 1945 Wolfgang Pauli was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics:-... for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle. Pauli gave his Nobel Lecture on 13 December 1946 in Stockholm and he began by describing how he came to make the discovery. We give an extract from his lecture below:"
|
- Pauli Exclusion Principle | Science Direct
- Pauli Exclusion Principle | YSJUS
- Wolfgang Pauli’s quantum rule makes existence possible | Big Think
Quantum uncertainty and wave-particle duality are big features of quantum physics.
But without Pauli's rule, our Universe wouldn't exist.
- Pauli Exclusion Principle Definition by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. | Thought.co
- Books by Wolfgang Pauli | Amazon
- List of Books by Wolfgang Pauli | thriftbooks
- Books by Wolfgang Pauli | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Theory of Relativity (Dover Books on Physics) by W. Pauli | MIT Press Bookstore
- Theory of Relativity by Wolfgang Pauli | Google Books
- Theory of Relativity
by W. Pauli | Barnes & Noble
- The Neutrino Turns 60 | Symmetry Magazine
Project Poltergeist led to the discovery of the ghostly particle. Sixty years later,
scientists are confronted with more neutrino mysteries than ever before.
- Neutrino, Discovery of | Encyclopedia.com
- A Brief History Of Neutrinos
- Atom and Archetype: The Pauli/Jung Letters, 1932-1958 - Updated Edition
C. G. Jung and Wolfgang Pauli | Princeton University Press
- Divine Contenders: Wolfgang Pauli And The Symmetry Of The World by F. David Peat | Pari Center
- Top Down or Bottom Up? by Gerald R. Baron | Medium
- Wolfgang Pauli’s Philosophical Position on Quantum Mechanics and Angels
By Paul Austin Murphy | Cantor's Paradise - Medium
- The Synchronicity of Wolfgang Pauli and Carl Jung | Nautilus
→ Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and Wolfgang Pauli →
- Have I DECODED Synchronicity and Reality? | Thoughts on Thinking
Carl Jung // Wolfgang Pauli | Philosophy // Quantum Theory
- Wolfgang Pauli’s Journey Inward by Hans von Baeyer
- Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958) | The Information Philosopher
- Wolfgang Pauli: Resurrection Of Spirit In The World | Pari Center
- A New Idea of Reality: Pauli on the Unity of Mind and Matter | Springer
- Recasting Reality: Wolfgang Pauli's Philosophical Ideas and Contemporary Science | Amazon
By Harald Atmanspacher (Editor), Hans Primas (Editor)
- Recasting reality: Wolfgang Pauli's philosophical ideas and contemporary science | Semantics Scholar
By H. Atmanspacher, H. Primas
- The Hidden Side of Wolfgang Pauli | PDF File (16 pages) | PhilSci Archive
An Eminent Physicist's Extraordinary Encounter with Depth Psychology
- 7 Funny Quotes By Physicist Wolfgang Pauli
- Wolfgang Pauli (1900 - 1958) His life and contributions... | Video - YouTube
- Wolfgang Pauli: never to be excluded - 17 August 2000 | CERN Courier
- Timeline of Pauli's Life | From the archive - CERN
- Pictures of Wolfgang Pauli with others | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Karl Pribram 1919-2015 | Obituary by Katherine Neville | PDF File
- Karl H. Pribram, MD
- Karl H. Pribram | International Neuropsychological Society
- Books by Karl H. Pribram | Wheelers
- Karl H. Pribram Books | Listed by ISBN
- Books by Karl H. Pribram | 22 distinct books showing | goodreads
- The Form Within: My Point of View by Karl H. Pribram | 560 pages - hardcover
|
Excerpt: "THE FORM WITHIN is the fascinating story of two hundred years of pioneering brain research, told from the unique perspective of the only brain scientist who has been, and still remains, an active participant in that story throughout the past seventy years."
|
- Brain and Perception by Karl H. Pribram | WOB
Presented as a series of lectures, this important volume achieves four major goals:
- The Holographic Brain with Karl Pribram, Ph.D. | INTERVIEW
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The Intuition Network, A Thinking Allowed Television Underwriter, presents the following transcript from the series Thinking Allowed, Conversations On the Leading Edge of Knowledge and Discovery, with Dr. Jeffrey Mishlove.
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- Karl H. Pribram | Bionity.com
- The holographic Model | Neuroeducation
- The Pribram/Bohm Holoflux Theory of Consciousness:
|
Excerpt: "This thesis emerges from an integral evaluation of evidence drawn from three sources: (1) the holonomic mind/brain theories of Karl Pribram, (2) the ontological interpretation of quantum theory by David Bohm, and (3) the hyperphysics of consciousness developed by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin."
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- The Pribram – Bohm Hypothesis by Shelli R. Joye | Digital Commons | California Institute of Integral Studies
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Excerpt: "Extending the panpsychist paradigm that consciousness is inherent in the structure of the universe, the thesis describes a dynamic energy process bridging the explicate space–time domain with a transcendent flux domain located at the spatial center, everywhere."
|
- Shelli Joye
California Institute of Integral Studies, Philosophy, Cosmology, and Consciousness | 32 Doctoral Papers - Academia
- A Geometry of Consciousness -- The Pribram Bohm Hypothesis | Video (22 minutes) Shelli Joye
- The Holographic Principle of Mind and the
Evolution of Consciousness by Mark Germine
PDF File (54 pages) - Journal of Conscious Evolution - California Institute of Integral Studies
- Brain and Being. at the Boundary Between Science, Philosophy, Language and Arts | goodreads
Gordon G. Globus, Karl H. Pribram (Editor), Giuseppe Vitiello (Editor)
- Karl Pribram | Wikipedia
- Karl H. Pribram | Scholarpedia
- The Human Brain: The Holographic Brain | Ascension Now
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Excerpt: "At the same time that Karl Pribram was hammering out his holonomic model of the brain, a reknowned physicist named David Bohm was independently constructing a holographic model of the entire universe."
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- Wikipedia
- The Brain Is Adaptive Not Triune: How the Brain Responds to Threat, Challenge, and Change | Frontiers in Psychiatry
- What Is the Triune Mind? by Gregg Henriques Ph.D. | Psychology Today
- The Triune Brain in 60 Seconds | Videos | The Science of Psychotherapy
- A Mindful Connection: Understanding the Triune Brain | Good Therapy
- The Little Book of Consciousness: Pribram's Holonomic Brain Theory and Bohm's Implicate Order
Softcover by Joye, Dr. Shelli Renee | Abe Books
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Excerpt: "The integrated ideas of Pribram and Bohm present a map and a theory of consciousness that is congruent and coherent with established principles of physics and neurophysiology, while offering a holonomic mind-brain-field approach in seeking to answer the hard problem of consciousness."
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- The Little Book of Consciousness: Pribram's Holonomic Brain Theory and Bohm's Implicate Order
Paperback – by Dr. Shelli Renee Joye (Author) | Amazon
- Movement and Consciousness
Pribram's Holonomic Brain Theory and Bohm's Implicate Order
- The Quantum Hologram Theory of Consciousness as a Framework for Altered States of Consciousness Research
PDF File (11 pages) | Concordia University
- The Holographic Universe
- Theology of Digital Phenomenal Consciousness, The Cosmic Self & The Pantheistic Interpretation of Our Holographic Reality | Amazon
- The Holographic Universe by P. L. McFadden and K. Skenderis | PDF File (20 pages)
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Excerpt: "Holography provides a new paradigm for physical reality, the consequences of which we are only just beginning to comprehend. According to this picture, one of the macroscopic dimensions of spacetime and one of the forces in the universe, namely gravity, are emergent phenomena in an underlying lower-dimensional QFT (Quantum Field Theory)."
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- The Holographic Universe Principle | Futurism
- Is Our Universe a Hologram? | March 1, 2023 - Scientific American
Physicists Debate Famous Idea on Its 25th Anniversary
- We Haven’t Been Zapped Out Of Existence Yet, | Smithsonian Magazine
So Other Dimensions Are Probably Super Tiny
- Digital Physics: The Meaning of the Holographic Universe and Its Implications Beyond Theoretical Physics
Amazon - Paperback – by Ediho Kengete Ta Koi Lokanga (Author)
- Digital Physics: The Meaning of the Holographic Universe and Its Implications Beyond Theoretical Physics
thridstreetbooks | by Ediho Kengete Ta Koi Lokanga (Author)
- The Holographic Universe
by Michael Talbot | Amazon
- The Holographic Universe – The World and Mind As Hologram | Review/Critique - The Satirist
- Einstein and the Quantum: Entanglement and Emergence | Host Brian Greene
Video (1:04:145) - World Science Festival
Experts join Brian Greene to examine Einstein's theories and how they interconnect.
- Full text of "Holographic Model of The Universe" | Internet Archive
- Dreaming in the Holo-Net: Dreams and Consciousness in a Holographic Universe | Proquest
Mohr, B. Katherine - Saybrook University | ProQuest Dissertations Publishing
- Is Our Perception of the Universe Going to Change Soon?
Posted By Tamal Kumar Mukherjee On April 27, 2020 | Adamus University
- From Planck Data to Planck Era: | Physical Review Letters
Observational Tests of Holographic Cosmology
- The Holographic Model | NeuroEducation
- The Holographic Universe | Does Objective Reality Exist? | PDF File by Michael Talbot
- The Bohm/Pribram Theory of Reality, and Visual imagery | PDF File (38 pages)
used to acquire data of a parapsychological nature by M. Abrahams
- The Pribram-Bohm holoflux theory of consciousness: by Shelli Joye
An integral interpretation of the theories of Karl Pribram, David Bohm, and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
- A Holographic View of Reality by Naheed Tariq | Academia
- Quantum Information Self-Organization and Consciousness by Francisco Di Biase | Academia
- Quantum Information Self-Organization and Consciousness: | by Francisco Di Biase - Journal of Nonlocality
A Holoinformational Model of Consciousness
- The Holographic Universe, The Holographic Universe Book | Video with Brian Greene
- Biography of Teilhard de Chardin | American Teilhard Association
- Teilhard de Chardin
- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Books | Amazon
- Teilhard and Other Modern Thinkers on Evolution, Mind, and Matter (part I) | Science & Nonduality
- The Phenomenon of Man (Harper Perennial Modern Thought) by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (Author) - Paperback | Amazon
- The Phenomenon of Man | Wikipedia
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"The emergence of Homo sapiens marks the beginning of a new age, as the power acquired by consciousness to turn in upon itself raises mankind to a new sphere. Borrowing Huxley's expression, Teilhard describes humankind as evolution becoming conscious of itself."
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- The Phenomenon of Man
by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin | Harper Collins Publishers
- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin Quotes | Brainy Quotes
"Growing old is like being increasingly penalized for a crime you haven't committed."
- A Cosmic Spirituality for a New Theology; Teilhard de Chardin’s Evolutionary Journey to Omega Christ by Aidan Hart
- Books by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin | goodreads
"We are not human beings having a spiritual experience.
We are spiritual beings having a human experience." - Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
- The legacy of Teilhard de Chardin: | America Magazine
A French Jesuit’s radical fusion of science and spirituality
- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin | Wikipedia
- Dr. (Rev.) Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, S.J. - 1937 | Office of the President - Villanova University
- Teilhard and Other Modern Thinkers on Evolution, Mind, and Matter
By Peter B. Todd | {DF File (28 pages) | Philarchive
- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin: a visionary in controversy | NCBI - NLM
- Spiritual and Science - The Hyperphysics of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin | Spiritual Science Explorers
The Omega Point theory, proposed by Teilhard de Chardin, suggests that the universe is evolving
towards a point of ultimate complexity and consciousness, representing a convergence of all creation.
- What is Teilhardism?
- British Teilhard Network
- The Energies of Love | Luminary Quotes
- The Eternal Feminine: A Study on the Poem by Teilhard de Chardin | Abe Books
Followed by Teilhard And The Problems Of Today.
‘The day will come when,
after harnessing space,
the winds,
the tides,
and gravitation,
we shall harness for God the energies of love.
And on that day,
for the second time in the history of the world,
we shall have discovered fire'
- Sub-Quantum Consciousness: A Geometry of Consciousness Based Upon the Work of Karl Pribram,
David Bohm,
and Pierre Teilhard De Chardin - by Joye, Shelli Renée
- Teilhard de Chardin's Vision of Ultimate Reality and Meaning in the Light of Contemporary Cosmology | University of Toronto Press
- The Formation of the Noosphere | The Library of Consciousness
- On the Topology of the Noosphere | by Julie A. Yusupova, California Institute of Integral Studies
- Teilhard’s The Formation of the Noosphere: an analysis and update | PDF File (39 pages)
- Teilhard's Hyperphysics: Energy and the Noosphere Kindle Edition by Shelli Joye (Author) | Amazon
- What is the Noosphere?
Clément Vidal provides an overview of the Noosphere based on an essay written
in 1947 by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, entitled The Formation of the Noosphere.
- Noosphere | Wikipedia
- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin: a visionary in controversy | Clement Vidal | NCBI - NLM
- The Poetry Of Planetary Identity | NOEMA
- Theory and History of the Noosphere |Law of Time
- The Noosphere | Edge.org
- Images of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Singularity
- Steven Weinberg (1933-2021) | Britannica
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979 was awarded jointly to Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg
|
"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current."
|
- Conceptual Foundations of the Unified Theory of Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions
PDF File - Nobel Lecture December 8, 1979 by Steven Weinberg
- Steven Weinberg Facts | Nobel Prize
- Nobel Prize for Physics, 1979 | PDF File | CERN
- Steven Weinberg (1933-2021) - Biographical
- Steven Weinberg, Nobel Prize in Physics 1979: Interview | Video - YouTube
- Steven Weinberg (1933-2021) | Wikipedia
- How Steven Weinberg Transformed Physics and Physicists | Quanta Magazine
- Steven Weinberg | Nature
- Learning to Live in Steven Weinberg’s Pointless Universe | Scientific American
- Steven Weinberg, Groundbreaking Nobelist in Physics, Dies at 88 | The New York Times
By Dylan Loeb McClain - Published July 25, 2021 - Updated July 29, 2021
- There is a Beautiful Simple Description Of Nature Underlying Everything - Steven Weinberg | Video (13:45) - YouTube
- Steven Weinberg - Where Do the Laws of Nature Come From? | Video (6:51) - YouTube
- Symmetry: A Key to Nature's Secrets | Steven Weinberg | The New York Review of Books
- Steven Weinberg: The universe’s symmetry may be an accident | Uncommon Descent
- The Search for Unity: Notes for a History of Quantum Field Theory by Steven Wrinberg | PDF File (20 pages) | University of Pittsburgh
- Dreams of a Final Theory: The Scientist's Search for the Ultimate Laws of Nature | Amazon
Reprint Edition, Kindle Edition
- Dreams of a Final Theory: The Scientist's Search for the Ultimate Laws of Nature Paperback | Amazon
- Dreams of a Final Theory: The Scientist's Search for the Ultimate Laws of Nature | Barnes & Noble
- Dreams of a Final Theory By Steven Weinberg | Simon & Schuster
- Review: Dreams of a Final Theory by Steven Weinberg | The Guardian
- The First Three Minutes Paperback – Illustrated, August 18, 1993 by Steven Weinberg (Author) | Amazon
- The First Three Minutes: A Modern View Of The Origin Of The Universe by Steven Weinberg | Barnes & Noble
- The first three minutes: going backward to the beginning of time with Steven Weinberg (Part 1) | Big Think
- Books by Steven Weinberg | thriftbooks
- Books Steven Weinberg | Amazon
- Books by Steven Weinberg | Showing 30 books | goodreads
- Books by Steven Weinberg - The New York Review
You need to give them a dollar an issue to continue reading after a few paragraphs.
- Quotes of Steven Weinberg | AZ Quotes
- Remembering Steven Weinberg | College of Natural Sciences - U. of Texas
- Memories of Steven Weinberg (1933–2021) | by Paul Frampton | MDPI
- An Ode to Steven Weinberg July 27, 2021 by Vishy
- Steven Weinberg (1933–2021) | Physics Today
- Deep learning on the celestial sphere | by Jason McEwen | PDF File (27 pages)
- Model physicist | CERN Courier
Steven Weinberg talks to CERN Courier about his seminal 1967 work and discusses
where next for particle physics following the discovery of the Higgs boson.
- Steven Weinberg: 'I wanted to be on the in – privy to all the secrets of physics' | The Guardian
- $3 Million Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics Awarded to Steven Weinberg
"If we could change our psychic apparatus and should then discover that the world
around us was changing, this would constitute for us the proof of the dependence
of the properties of space upon the properties of consciousness."
From Tertium Organum by P. D. Ouspensky
"The thoughts that one creates generate patterns at the mind level of nature."
William Tiller
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 - Summary
|
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 was divided, one half awarded to Eugene Paul Wigner "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles," the other half jointly to Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure."
|
- Eugene Wigner | Biographical
- Maria Goeppert Mayer - Biographical
- Wigner, Eugene Paul (Jenó Pál) | Encyclopedia.com
- Eugene Paul Wigner (1902-1995) | MacTutor
- Eugene Wigner (1903 - 1995) | Atomic Archive
- Eugene P. Wigner | News from Princeton University
- Eugene Wigner | Wikipedia
|
"He laid the foundation for the theory of symmetries in quantum mechanics and in 1927 introduced what is now known as the Wigner D-matrix. Wigner and Hermann Weyl were responsible for introducing group theory into quantum mechanics."
|
- Wigner's Theorem
The theorem specifies how physical symmetries such as rotations,
translations, and CPT are represented on the Hilbert space of states.
- Quantum Mechanics & Its Broader Implications: The von
Neumann–Wigner Interpretation | PDF File (7 pages) - Messiah University
|
Excerpt: "While the Copenhagen Interpretation does not identify what constitutes a measurement, an observer, or an observation, the von Neumann-Wigner Interpretation specifies that consciousness is necessary for the
measurement process to occur (we might say a reading of the measurement), and that it is consciousness itself that causes wavefunction collapse."
|
- Psychophysical Interpretation of Quantum Theory by Rajat K. Pradhan | arXiv
- Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | Wikipedia
- Specifications for a Mind Makes Collapse interpretation of quantum physics | Set Theory
(also called "Von Neumann-Wigner interpretation")
- The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Science by Eugene Wigner
PDF File (9 pages) - The University of Edinburgh
- The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences | Eugene Wigner
|
"However, it is important to point out that the mathematical formulation of the physicist's often crude experience leads in an uncanny number of cases to an amazingly accurate description of a large class of phenomena."
|
- The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences | Wikipedia
- The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics by Kresimir Josi | audio included - University of Houston
- The Collected Works of Eugene Paul Wigner: Part A: The Scientific Papers (English and German Edition)
Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1993 Edition | Amazon
Authors of German Edition: B.R. Judd (Editor), G.W. Mackey (Editor), and J. Mehra
- The Collected Works of Eugene Paul Wigner - Part A: The Scientific Papers | Springer Link
- The Collected Works of Eugene Paul Wigner: Part A: The Scientific Papers | Google Books
- Books by Eugene Paul Wigner | Showing 25 distinct works | goodreads
Includes his collected works. For instance:
- Wigner, Eugene (Books) | geometry.net
- Books by Eugene Paul Wigner | GetTextBooks.ca
- Quantum Space and Time - The Quest Continues: | Amazon
Studies and Essays in Honour of Louis de Broglie, Paul Dirac and Eugene Wigner (Cambridge Monographs on Physics)
By Asim O. Barut (Editor), Alwyn van der Merwe (Editor), & Jean-Pierre Vigier
- Symmetries and Reflections Paperback – January 1, 1979
by Eugene Paul Wigner (Author) | Amazon
- Symmetries and Reflections: Scientific Essays Hardcover – January 1, 1967
by Eugene P. Wigner | Amazon
- Symmetries and Reflections - Scientific essays of Eugene Wigner | PDF File (8 pages)
- Symmetries and Reflections Eugene Paul Wigner | goodreads
- Eugene Wigner’s Interview (1964) | Voices of the Manhattan Project | National Museum of Nuclear Science & History
- The Manhattan Project - an interactive history | U.S. Departmennt of Energy
- Quantum Bootcamp Part III: Eugene Wigner, His Friend(s), and a Quantum Princeton
- Eugene Wigner - Session II | AIP
|
"Please bear in mind that: 1)This material is a transcript of the spoken word rather than a literary product; 2) An interview must be read with the awareness that different people's memories about an event will often differ,..."
|
- The Place of Consciousness in Modern Physics by Eugene Wigner | Springer Link
- Quantum mind-body problem
- Eugene Wigner | The Information Philosopher
- This Twist on Schrödinger’s Cat Paradox Has Major Implications for Quantum Theory
By Zeeya Merali | Scientific American
A laboratory demonstration of the classic “Wigner’s friend” thought experiment could overturn cherished assumptions about reality.
- What did Eugene Wigner mean by his non-QM argument for the influence of consciousness? | Stack Exchange Forum
- Can Physics Explain Consciousness? | Society of Catholic Scientists
Stephen M. Barr is President of the Society of Catholic Scientists and a retired professor of Theoretical Particle Physics.
- Quotable Quote by Eugene Wigner | goodreads
The Objectivity Myth: What we call “Objective Reality” is just a colorful misnomer by Alex Vikoulov
In a famous essay on the measurement problem, the physics Nobel laureate Eugene P. Wigner wrote that “materialism” is not “consistent with present quantum mechanics.” Commenting on this, he said,
"It will remain remarkable, in whatever way our future concepts develop, that the very study of the external world led to the conclusion that the content of the consciousness is an ultimate reality."
|
- Reflections on an Essay by Wigner | Sergiu Klainerman | Inference Review
- Does Consciousness Cause Quantum Collapse? Kelvin McQueen | Philosophy Now | Radical Theories of Consciousness
- Does Consciousness Influence Quantum Mechanics? | PBS | Video - YouTube
- Quantum Physics and Consciousness
- New Physics Experiment Indicates There's No Objective Reality
- A quantum experiment suggests there’s no such thing as objective reality | MIT Technology Review
- Two Kinds of Reality -
Eugene Wigner |PhilPapers
- Quantum paradox points to shaky foundations of reality | Science
Test of Wigner’s paradox suggests facts are relative
- Objective reality may not exist, European researchers say | Big Think
- New Quantum Paradox Clarifies Where Our Views of Reality Go Wrong | Quanta Magazine
- Objective Reality Doesn't Exist, Quantum Experiment Shows by Alessandro Fedrizzi, Massimiliano Proietti | Live Science
published November 16, 2019
- The Spectrum of Riemannium
- Pictures of Eugene Wigner | Google Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
First Solvay Conference 1911
An Introduction to the Solvay Conferences on Physics
Purpose: "enlarging and deepening the understanding of natural phenomena."
Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics
Charles Babbage (1791-1871) | MacTutor
Summary: Charles Babbage originated the modern analytic computer. He invented the principle
of the analytical engine, the forerunner of the modern electronic computer.
Charles Babbage British inventor and mathematician (1791-1871) | Britannica
English mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage is credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer.
Charles Babbage (1791-1871) | New World Encyclopedia
Babbage, Charles | Encyclopedia.com
Charles Babbage (1791-1871) | Wikipedia
Charles Babbage | Computer History
"Another age must be the judge." - Babbage
Who was Charles Babbage? | University of Minnesota
How Ada Lovelace's notes on the Analytical Engine created the first computer program | Science Focus - BBC
The Analytical Engine was never built, but many aspects of its design were
recorded in immaculate detail in Babbage’s drawings and mechanical notation.
Lady Lovelace's Notes: Technical Text and Cultural Context | Article by Dorothy K. Stein | JSTOR
It's free to register to JSTOR.
Full text of "Victorian Studies Volume 28" | Internet Archive
Biography of Charles Babbage, Mathematician and Computer Pioneer
The Father of Computing | ThoughtCo
Charles Babbage: Pioneer Of The Computer - Paperback – by Anthony Hyman (Author) | Amazon
Charles Babbage | ?Difference Engine No. 1 (mechanical calculator) | MIT
Charles Babbage | Center for Computing History
The Analytical Engine | The First Computer
The Babbage Pages
Charles Babbage (1791 – 1871) | Famous Scientists
Exploring the Collaborative Relationship Between Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage | Design Dash
Heroes of Progress, Pt. 49: Babbage and Lovelace
Article by Alexander C.R. Hammond | Human Progress
How Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage Invented the World’s First Computer:
An Illustrated Adventure in Footnotes and Friendship by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage designed a computer in the 1840s. | Article by Nicola Davis | The Guardian
A cartoonist finishes the project
All About the Father of the Computer: Charles Babbage | Nominus.com
Babbage and Turing: Two Paths to Inventing the Computer | Article by Nathan Zeldes (egomaniac)
Charles Babbage | Linda Hall Library
Charles Babbage: The Inventor of the First Mechanical Computer | Article by Lillie Therieau | Elephant Learning
How Did Charles Babbage’s Inventions Revolutionize Computing and the World? | BYJU'S Future School
October 1871: Babbage's Successful Failure—The First Computer | APS News
Images of Charles Babbage | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Timeline
- Augusta Ada King, countess of Lovelace (1815-1852) | MacTutor
Summary: Ada Lovelace was a daughter of Lord Byron who became interested
in Babbage's analytic engine and described how it could be programmed.
- Ada Lovelace (1815-1852) | Biography
- Ada Lovelace (1815-1852) | Wikipedia
- Ada Lovelace
British mathematician (1815-1852) | Britannica
|
She was an English mathematician, an associate of Charles Babbage, for whose prototype of a digital computer she created a program. She has been called the first computer programmer.
|
- Ada Lovelace: The Enigmatic Progenitor of Computer Science | Essay by Ahmet Avcil | Medium Blog
- Ada Lovelace | Celebrities
"Ada Lovelace's skills even impressed the famous Michael Faraday."
- Untangling the Tale of Ada Lovelace (December 10, 2015) | Essay by Stephen Wolfram
- Ada Lovelace - Computer Algorithm | MIT
Lovelace died from uterine cancer on November 27, 1852 and was buried next to her father’s grave.
She was only 36 years old. Her contributions to technology weren’t known until a century after her death.
|
- Ada Lovelace | Essay by Elizabeth Hilfrank | Women Heroes | National Geographic Kids
The computer programmer who had ideas long before there were computers.
- How Ada Lovelace, Lord Byron’s Daughter, Became the World’s First Computer Programmer by Maria Popova | The Marginalian
- Ada Lovelace and the first computer programme in the world
Mathematician Anna Siffert from the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics
on why Ada Lovelace is considered the world's first computer programmer.
- Ada Lovelace: Grandmother of Computing | Mini Bio | Biography | Video (3:25) - YouTube
- Ada Lovelace: The Original Woman in Tech | Zoe Philpott | Video (14 minutes) - YouTube
- Ada Lovelace | Famous Scientists
- The best books on Ada Lovelace | recommended by Ursula Martin | Five Books
- Ada Lovelace: The Making of a Computer Scientist Hardcover | Amazon
Authors: Christopher Hollings, Ursula Martin, and Adrian Rice
- Ada Lovelace: The Making of a Computer Scientist
by Christopher Hollings | Harvard Book Store
- Ada Lovelace | Article by Terry MacEwen | Historic UK
- Biography of Ada Lovelace, First Computer Programmer | ThoughtCo
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Ada Lovelace (born Augusta Ada Byron; December 10, 1815- November 27, 1852) was an English mathematician who has been called the first computer programmer for writing an algorithm, or a set of operating instructions, for the early computing machine built by Charles Babbage in 1821.
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- Note 'G' | Wikipedia
Note G[a] is a computer algorithm written by Ada Lovelace that was designed
to calculate Bernoulli numbers using the hypothetical analytical engine.
- Ada Lovelace: A Life from Beginning to End Paperback – by Hourly History (Author) | Amazon
- Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace | Analyst, Metaphysician, and Founder of Scientific Computing
San Diego Supercomputing Center at UCSD
- Ada Lovelace | Computer History Museum
- Who was Ada? by Sydney Papua
- Ada Lovelace: The World’s First Computer Programmer Who Predicted Artificial Intelligence
By Justyna Zwolak | NIST
- Ada Lovelace: Celebrating 200 years of a computer visonary
Bodleian Libraries blogs | University of Oxford
- Ada Lovelace | Includes interesting video | History of Scientific Women
- Ada and the First Computer | PDF File (6 pages) | University of Virginia
By Eugene Eric Kim and Betty Alexandra Toole
- Misogyny and the Curious Case of Ada Lovelace
Published March 8, 2017 by Eugene Eric Kim
- The Lovelace–De Morgan mathematical correspondence: A critical re-appraisal
Authors: Christopher Hollings, Ursula Martin, Adrian Rice | Science Direct
- Ada Lovelace’s Mathematical Papers | Clay Mathematics Institute
- Mathematical Treasure: Ada Lovelace's Notes on the Analytic Engine | MAA
- The First Published Computer Programs, Translated and Augmented by Lord Byron's Daughter
History of Information
- First edition of Ada Lovelace's pioneering algorithm sold for £95,000 | The Guardian
- Ada Lovelace | Article by Anna Xambo | Women in Music at Georgia Tech
- The idolization of Ada Lovelace and its necessity | PDF File (22 pages)
Dissertation by Autumn Lauen - University of Northern Iowa
- Ada Lovelace: The forgotten mother of the computer | The History Corner
- History of Applied Science & Technology by Karen Garvin
Chpater 12: Ada Lovelace
- 10 Things You May Not Know About Ada Lovelace | History Channel
- Ada Lovelace
10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852 | New Scientist
Mathematician famous for writing the first computer program
- Happy Ada Lovelace Day! | Princeton University
- The Enchantress of Numbers: Ada Lovelace's Trailblazing Legacy | The First Programmer
Article by Renee | History
- George Doutsiopoulos - Freelance illustrator
- Women in Science: 50 fearless pioneers who changed the world | Science Focus
In her beautifully illustrated book, Rachel Ignotofsky tells
the stories of some of the most important women in STEM.
- Timeline of Women in Science | Wikipedia
- Portraits/images of Ada Lovelace | Google Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) | MacTutor
Summary: Alan Turing's work was fundamental in the theoretical foundations of computer science.
- Pictures
- Alan Turing
British mathematician and logician (1912-1954) | Britannica
- Alan Turing (1912-1954) | Wikipedia
He is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.
- Alan Turing (1912-1954) | Biography
- Alan Turing: The Enigma |
Website maintained by biographer Andrew Hodges
- Alan Turing | Article by Jacob Aron | New Scientist
- Alan Turing (1912 — 1954) | Tinet
- Alan Mathison Turing | Califronia State University - Long Beach
- The Life of Alan Turing | National Geographic KIDS
- Alan Turing (1912–1954) | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Alan Turing’s Earthshaking Philosophical Insight | Article by Nathan Zeldes
- "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" | Wikipedia
"Computing Machinery and Intelligence" is a seminal paper
written by Alan Turing on the topic of artificial intelligence.
- Computing Machinery and Intelligence By A. M. Turing | PDF File (20 pages) | Simon Fraser University
- Turing, A.M. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence". | annotation by David Whitehead
University of Chicago
- A. M. Turing (1950) Computing Machinery and Intelligence | PDF File (22 pages)
- Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) | PDF File (12 pages) | Royal Society Publishing
- Alan Mathison Turing | Computer Pioneers | IEEE Computer Society
- Alan Turing in America
Author: David E. Zitarelli (Temple University) | MAA
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Alan Turing visited the United States during 1936-38 and 1942-43. This article describes how two of Turing's greatest accomplishments, in logic and computer design, were influenced by the first of his two visits to the U.S.
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- Alan Turing: An “Enigma” of a Man | Article by Varnam Historia | Medium Blog
- The Philosophical Legacy Of Alan Turing | Essay by Darren Abramson | The Critique
- Alan Turing (1912-1954) | Humanist Heritage
- Philosophical Explorations of the Legacy of Alan Turing: Turing 100 | Juliet Floyd and Alisa Bokulich (eds.)
Reviewed by Alasdair Urquhart, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
- Philosophical Explorations of the Legacy of Alan Turing, Turing 100 | Moe's Books
Juliet Floyd; Alisa Bokulich (eds)
- Philosophical Explorations of the Legacy of Alan Turing | Springer Link
- Philosophical Explorations of the Legacy of Alan Turing: Turing 100 | Amazon
by Juliet Floyd (Editor), Alisa Bokulich (Editor)
- Overlooked No More: Alan Turing, Condemned Code Breaker and Computer Visionary | TheNew York Times
- Turing at 100: Legacy of a universal mind | Article by Tanguy Chouard | Nature
- Nature of Spirit by Alan Tutirng | Article by OnOnto | Medium Blog
This piece was written by Alan Turing at Christopher Morcom’s family home in Bromsgrove.
- Turing, Alan Mathison (1912–1954) | Andrew Hodges | Oxford DNB
- Mechanical Intelligence (Volume 1) (Collected Works of A.M. Turing, Volume 1) 1st Edition
By D.C. Ince (Editor) | Amazon
- Mechanical Intelligence (Volume 1) (Collected Works of A.M. Turing, Volume 1) - Hardcover | Abe Books
- The Alan Turing Bibliography compiled by Andrew Hodges author of Alan Turing: the Enigma
- Mathematical Logic: Collected Works Of A.M.Turing: Mathematical Logic Vol 4
(Studies In Interface Science) - R.O. Gandy, C.E.M. Yates |
- Mechanical Intelligence 1st Edition, Volume 1 - Editor: D.C. Ince | Elsevier
- Alan Mathison Turing | Carlson Caspers
- WW2 Codebreakers: Bletchley Park activities revealed in unique footage - The Hidden Film
Video (4:53) - YouTube
- Alan Turing and the Hidden Heroes of Bletchley Park | Article by Sir John Dermot Turing
Alan Turing helped the British government pioneer the technology to decrypt Nazi Germany’s secret communications during World War II. In 1952, Alan Turing was forced to endure chemical castration by the same government after being prosecuted for homosexual acts.
The National WWII Museum
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- Alan Turing FAQs | Bletchley Park
- Bletchley Park
government establishment, England, United Kingdom | Britannica
- Bletchley Park | Wikipedia
- Enigma machine | Wikipedia
- Enigma Machine | Science Direct
- How Alan Turing Cracked The Enigma Code | IWM: Imperial War Museums
- Enigma encoding machine | National Museums Scotland
- German Cipher Machines of
World War II | by David P. Mowry
PDF File (36 pages) | NSA: National Security Agency
- The boarding of U-559 changed the war – now both sides tell their story | The Guardian
- Enigma: The End of The Nazi Mystery | Article by Tuana Cengiz | ByArcadia
- Forgotten heroes of the Enigma story | Article by Joanne Baker | Nature
Polish codebreakers paved the way for Alan Turing to decrypt German messages in the Second World War.
Joanne Baker commends a gripping tale.
- Alan Turing, Enigma and the Breaking of German Machine Ciphers
PDF File (16 pages) by Lee A. Gladwin | Gov Archives
- History of WWII: How Bletchley Park Cracke the Enigma Code | Sky History.co
- Code-Breaking at Bletchley Park during World War II, 1939-1945 | ETHW
- Cracking stuff: how Turing beat the Enigma | The University of Manchester
- How did the British keep the fact that they broke the Enigma code secret? | reddit forum
- Cryptanalysis of the Enigma | Wikipedia
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In December 1932 it was "broken" by mathematician Marian Rejewski at the Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau,[5] using mathematical permutation group theory combined with French-supplied intelligence material obtained from a German spy.
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- Cracking the Enigma Codes at Bletchley Park | Article by William F. Floyd Jr. | Warfare History Network
- Pictures of Alan Turing | Goolge Image Search Results
Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
- John von Neumann (1903-1957) | MacTutor
- John von Neumann | Britannica
- The Legend of John Von Neumann by Paul Halmos | Google Books
- John von Neumann (1903 - 1957) | Atomic Archive
One of von Neumann's signature achievements was his rigorous mathematical
formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of linear operators on Hilbert spaces.
- Von Neumann, the Smartest Person of the 20th Century | December 28, 2022
- John von Neuman | Atomic Heritage Foundation
- John von Neumann | Famous Scientists
Von Neumann wrote 150 published papers in his life; 60 in
pure mathematics, 20 in physics, and 60 in applied mathematics.
- Quantum Theory and the Role of Mind in Nature | PDF File (42 pages) by Henry P. Stapp
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Quantum Theory and the Role of Mind in Nature by Henry P. Stapp | arXiv
- Von Neumann’s Formulation of Quantum Theory and
the Role of Mind in Nature
PDF File (41 pages) by Henry Stapp | Semantic Scholar
- Von Neumann's Contribution to Quantum Theory by Leon Van Hove | PDF File | AMS.org
- John von Neumann: Life, Work, and Legacy | IAS
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Excerpt: ""He not only showed the physicists, economists, and electrical engineers that formal mathematics could yield fresh breakthroughs in their fields," wrote Sylvia Nasar, Director's Visitor (2002-03), "but made the enterprise of applying mathematics to real-world disciplines seem glamorous to the purest of young mathematicians."
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- The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann by Jorgen Veisdal | privatdozent
- Quantum Mechanics & Its Broader Implications: The von
Neumann–Wigner Interpretation | PDF File (7 pages) - Messiah University
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Excerpt: "While the Copenhagen Interpretation does not identify what constitutes a measurement, an observer, or an observation, the von Neumann-Wigner Interpretation specifies that consciousness is necessary for the
measurement process to occur (we might say a reading of the measurement), and that it is consciousness itself that causes wavefunction collapse."
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- Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | Wikipedia
- Specifications for a Mind Makes Collapse interpretation of quantum physics | Set Theory
(also called "Von Neumann-Wigner interpretation")
- The Mathematical Center of the Universe by Jorgen Veisdal | privatdozent
- Turing and'von'Neumann’s Brains'and'their'Computers | PDF File by Sorin Istrail and Solomon Marcus
- John von Neumann - Books | Princeton University Press
- Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics | Google Books
- Books by John von Neumann | Amazon
- Books by John von Neumann | Showing 30 distinct works | goodreads
- Von Neumann: The Mathematician Part 1 | MacTutor
- Von Neumann: The Mathematician Part 2 | MacTutor
- John von Neumann | Wikipedia
- ‘The Man From the Future’ Recounts the Life of a Restless Genius by Ananyo Bhattacharya | The New York Times
Article by Jennifer Szalai
- The Legacy of John von Neumann | American Mathematical Society
- Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics | Mathmafrica.org
By John Von Neumann, edited by Nicholas A Wheeler, a review
- Notes on Mathematicians - John von Neumann (1903-1957) | PDF File (17 pages) by Y. K. Leong
- A Walk through Johnny von Neumann’s Garden by Freeman Dyson | PDF File (8 pages) | AMS
- JOHN VON NEUMANN (1903-1957) | PDF File (49 pages) - AMS
- Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl (1885-1955) | Website of William O. Straub
- Biography Hermann Weyl, 1885-1955
- 2010 Archives
- 2012 Archives
- Wheeler's Tribute to Weyl
- Weyl's Gauge Invariance Principle in Quantum Mechanics by William O. Straub | PDF File (12 pages)
- Weyl's 1918 Theory | PDF File
Weyl's Theory of the Combined Gravitaional-Electromagnetic Field
- Weyl's 1918 Theory Revisited | PDF File
- 2016 Archives | Good Bye and Good Luck - December 1, 2016
- Hermann Weyl | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Hermann Weyl
German-American mathematician | Britannica
- Hermann Weyl | Wikipedia
My work always tried to unite the Truth with the Beautiful, but when I
had to choose one or the other, I usually chose the Beautiful.
Hermann Weyl
- Hermann Weyl | Y.S. Kim
- Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl | Biography - MacTutor
Summary: From 1923-38 Weyl evolved the concept of continuous groups using matrix representations.
With his application of group theory to quantum mechanics he set up the modern subject.
- Hermann Weyl | IAS
- Hermann Weyl Essays | IAS
- Background on Gauge Theory
- The Mathematical Heritage of Hermann Weyl - Edited by R. O. Wells, Jr.| AMS
- Books by Hermann Weyl | Princeton University Press
- Symmetry | goodreads
- Symmetry - Paperback by Hermann Weyl | Wild Rumpus Books
- Books by Hermann Weyl | Amazon
- Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science
by Hermann Weyl, Frank Wilczek | Paperback - Barnes & Noble
- Weyl Entering the ’NEW’ Quantum Mechanics Discourse by Erhard Scholz | PDF File (18 pages)
- Hermann Weyl, The Reluctant Revolutionary | David E. Rowe | Springer Link
- Hermann Weyl in Göttingen (1904–1913) | by Christopher Eckes | Bhavana - The Mathematics Magazine
The combined impact of Hilbert, Klein and Zermelo
This second-part article delves into Weyl’s early years at Göttingen and his mathematical-philosophical outlook.
- Books by Hermann Weyl | goodreads
- Hermann Weyl | BookFinder.com
- The Theory of Groups and Quantum Mechanics by Hermann Weyl | Google Books
- H Weyl: Theory of groups and quantum mechanics Introduction | MacTutor
- The Theory of Groups and Quantum Mechanics Paperback – by Hermann Weyl (Author), H P Robertson (Translator) | Amazon
- The Theory of Groups and Quantum Mechanics by Hermann Weyl | goodreads
- Mind and Nature: Selected Writings on Philosophy, Mathematics, and Physics Illustrated Edition | Amazon
by Hermann Weyl (Author), Peter Pesic (Editor, Introduction)
- Mind and Nature: Selected Writings on Philosophy, Mathematics, and Physics | AIP
- Mind and Nature: Selected Writings on Philosophy, Mathematics, and Physics by Hermann Weyl
PDF File (270 pages) | StrangeBeautiful
- Mind and Nature: Selected Writings on Philosophy, Mathematics, and Physics | Notre Dame
Reviewed by Brandon Fogel, University of Chicago
- Introduction to the special issue Hermann Weyl and the philosophy of the ‘New Physics’ | Science Direct
By Silvia De Bianchi and Gabriel Catren
- Introducing groups into quantum theory (1926–1930) by Erhard Scholz | Science Direct
- Scholarly Articles for Wigner and Hermann Weyl
- An explorer and surveyor by Frank Wilczek | Nature
"Hermann Weyl made prescient contributions to both mathematics and physics, but also strove to understand reality as a whole."
- Hermann Weyl | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Quote by Weyl | AZ Quotes
- Quotable Quote | goodreads
- Hermann Weyl on Intuition and the Continuum | PDF File (13 pages) | Western University
By Professor John Bell
- Space-Time-Matter by Hermann Weyl | goodreads
"Weyl reached the conclusion that it is our consciousness (somehow "traveling" in the
four-dimensional world along our worldlines) which creates our feeling that time flows."
- Space, Time, Matter by Hermann Weyl (Author) | Amazon
- The Project Gutenberg EBook of Space--Time--Matter, by Hermann Weyl | PDF File(517 pages)
- Space, Time, Matter by Hermann Weyl | Dover
- The Continuum - A Critical Examination of the Foundation of Analysis by Hermann Weyl
PDF File (155 pages) Translated by Stephen Pollard & Thomas Bole
- What does Hermann Weyl mean by this remark?
In the Philosophy of Mathematics & Physics, Weyl writes:
The coordinate system is, as it were, the residue of the annhilation of the ego. | Stack Exchange Forum
- Pictures of Hermann Weyl et-al | Google Search Results
Each image or picture is associated with a webpage or site.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004 was awarded jointly to David J. Gross, H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek
"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction."
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- Biographical
- Frank Wilczek - FACTS
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However, in 1973 Frank Wilczek, David Gross, and David Politzer came up with a theory postulating that when quarks come really close to one another, the attraction abates and they behave like free particles. This is called asymptotic freedom.
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- Frank Wilczek's Homepage
- Fundamentals: Ten Keys to Reality Hardcover – by Frank Wilczek (Author) | Amazon
- Fundamentals: Ten Keys to Reality by Frank Wilczek | Barnes & Noble
- Fundamentals: Ten Keys to Reality by Frank Wilczek | Penguin Random House
- Fundamentals | Ten Keys to Reality | Frank Wilczek | Video (5:32) - YouTube
- Ten "keys to reality" from Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek | Article by Jennifer Chu | MIT News
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In his new book, he distills scientists’ collective understanding of the physical world into 10 broad philosophical themes, using the fundamental theories of physics, from cosmology to quantum mechanics, to reframe ideas of space, time, and our place in the universe.
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- Fundamentals: Ten Keys to Reality by Frank Wilczek | Book Reviewed by Ian Muehlenhaus | Book Browse
- Fundamentals: Ten Keys to Reality by Frank Wilczek | Kirkus Reviews
Another winner from Wilczek, who invites us to be born again into a richer, deeper understanding of the world.
- A theoretical physicist gets down to the basics |
Review by Marcia Bartusiak | The Washington Post
- Frank Wilczek - American physicist | Britannica
- Frank Wilczek | Wikipedia
- Frank Wilczek | Union of Concerned Scientists
- A Beautiful Question: Finding Nature's Deep Design Paperback – by Frank Wilczek (Author) | Amazon
- A Beautiful Question: Finding Nature's Deep Secrets By Frank Wilczek | Penguin Random House
- A Beautiful Question: Finding Nature's Deep Design (Paperback) By Frank Wilczek | Revolution Books Berkeley
- A Beautiful Question: Finding Nature’s Deep Design by Frank Wilczek – review by Graham Farmelo | The Guardian
- The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces | Press Release by Basic Books
- The Lightness of Being
Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces by Frank Wilczek | Hachette Book Group
- The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces Paperback – by Frank Wilczek (Author) | Amazon
- The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces by Frank Wilczek | Google Books
"Space is a dynamic material, the engine of reality; matter is a subtle pattern of disturbance in that material."
- The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces by Frank Wilczek | Publisher's Weekly
- Longing for the Harmonies: Themes and Variations from Modern Physics - Revised Edition | Amazon
By Frank Wilczek (Author), Betsy Devine (Author)
- Longing for the Harmonies: Themes and Variations from Modern Physics by Frank Wilczek | Publisher's Weekly
- Longing for the Harmonies: Themes and Variations from Modern Physics by Frank Wilczek | Harvard Book Store
- Profile of Wilczek by MacArthur Foundation
- Frank Wilczek *75 - Physics 2004 | Princetoniana Museum
- Shelf life: Frank Wilczek - 03 Nov 2004 - | Physics World
- About Frank Wilczek | MIT
- Quanta, Symmetry, and Topology by Frank Wilczek · Published 2010 | Video (1:09:24) | IAS
This lecture was part of the Institute for Advanced Study’s celebration of its eightieth anniversary.
- Beauty in Equations: How Frank Wilczek Makes Physics Sing | Article by by Samantha Cocove - December 22, 2023
Celebrating 2022 Templeton Prize Laureate Frank Wilczek
- Frank Wilczek - How is the Cosmos Constructed? | Video (13 minutes) - YouTube
- Riddles of Reality: From Quarks to the Cosmos | Video (1 hour) - YouTube
World Science Festival | Conversation with Brian Greene
- Frank Wilczek - Beauty as a Compass for Truth | On Being with Krista Tippett
Audio (50 minutes) - Transcript included after you press the Play button.
- Frank Wilczek | Includes Video (1:17:47) entitled "What is Reality?" | Pantheon
- What is Reality? - with Frank Wilczek | Video (1:17:47) - YouTube
- Pictures of Frank Wilczek | Google Image Search Results
Each picture is associated with a webpage or site.
- Buckminster Fuller Institute
Syntropy is a term coined by Buckminster Fuller to reflect what life does – self-organize in a way that supports diversity, complexity, and transformation.
- Everything I Know Session 1 | January 20, 1975 | Richard Buckminster Fuller | The Library of Consciousness
- The World of Buckminster Fuller | PDF File (49 pages)
- Synergetics: Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking by Buckminster Fuller | PDF File (1839 Pages)
- Buckminster Fuller Talks Politics | By Lighning Allan Brown - December, 1982
"Synergy is defined as “the behavior of whole systems unpredicted by the behavior or integral characteristics of any parts of the system when the parts are considered only separately.” The whole is more than the sum of its parts."
- Close encounters with the remarkable Buckminster Fuller | Linkedin
By Antares Maitreya
- Bruce Hamilton's The North Face and R. Buckminster Fuller Archive
- Addendum 7: Entropic-Syntropic Evolution | by Jose Diez Faizat
- An Introduction to Syntropy | Ulisse Di Corpo and Antonella Vannini
"The superconscious mind is our attractor, the source of syntropy, the energy of life, which guides us towards wellbeing and happiness."
- Systems theory
Systems theory is an interdisciplinary field of science and the study of the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science.
- Through the Wormhole hosted by Morgan Freeman | Watch Free Documentary Online | Top Documentary Films
All episodes from Through the Wormhole series gathered in one place.
Fungal Web -- Mycorrhizal Network
The Emotional Lives of Animals
There is a section on The Holographic Universe here on the Science Page
Performing a Google image search on "Consciousness" could possibly lead to serendipitous findings.
After all, Each image is associated with a webpage or site to which it's linked.
Philosopher Philip Goff answers questions about "panpsychism"
