Geosciences/Environment
• Water Documentaries
  
• Three Domains (Superkingdoms) Of Living Organisms
  
• The Cambrian Explosion
  
• The Devonian Explosion

• General Geoscience Resources for Students and Teachers

• General Dictionary of Geology | PDF File
  Edited by : Alva Kurniawan - Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

• U.S. Department of the Interior
  • The color of summer: Wildflowers on public lands
  • 13 Remarkable Trees to See on Public Lands | Blog
  • 21 Excellent Side Trips for Your Next National Park Visit | Blog
  • BOEMRE: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement
    • Ocean Science
      Ocean Science is the science and technology journal of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM).
  • Summer in America's Great Outdoors | Pictures contributed by 'we, the people' | YouTube
  • DOI 'This Week at Interior' VIDEOs

  

• List of environmental agencies in the United States by state | Wikipedia

• USGS: U.S. Geological Survey
  • National Climate Change Viewer | Climate Research and Development Program
  • Climate and Land Use Change
  • Astrogeology Science Center
  • Educational Resources
    • Aquifer Basics
  • FAQs
  • USGS: Maps, Imagery & Publications
  • Science Topics
    "The U.S. Geological Survey maintains this registry of Earth and Environmental Science Internet resources as a service to the research community."
    
  • USGS Publications Warehouse

• Afghanistan
  • Afghanistan Geological Survey
  • Ministry of Mines & Petroleum

• USGS National Geologic Map Database
  "We can help you find information about maps and related data for: geology, hazards, earth resources, geophysics, geochemistry, geochronology, paleontology, and marine geology."

• What is Geology? | Mississippi State University - Department of Geosciences
  Part 1 is by Monroe and Wicander | Part 2 is an essay by John McPhee

  

• Windows to the Universe
  Brought to you by the National Earth Science Teachers Association
  • Sciences
    • Geology

• Earth Sciences | Awesome Library

• Geography & Geology for Kids
  • Geology for Kids, The Study of our Earth
    An in-depth online textbook written for kids.
  • Volcanism

• The Science Spot: Kid Zone
  • Earth Science Links

• One Geology - Making Geological Map Data for the Earth Accessible
  • One Geology Kids - What is Geology?
  • Showcase
    "See here how geological map data can be transformed to help society more efficiently use our planet's natural resources, how it can be used to predict and mitigate hazards and how understanding geology is critical to our health and our wealth."

• Rader's Geography4Kids.com
  Structure, Biosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Cycles
  • SITE MAP

• Basic Concepts of Geology | Suggested Grade Levels 9-12
  • Geology Topics
    • Geology Basics

• Simple Geology - Earthquakes, Mountains, Volcanoes

• Wikipedia
  • List of Deserts Worldwide
  • List of Mountains Worldwide

• Euratlas World Atlas
  Countries, Mountains, and Rivers of the world
  • Deserts | Search Result
  • The Major Mountains Of The World
  • The Rivers of the World

• Regions, Ranges and Subranges -- World Mountain Encyclopedia
  Spectacular photos and MAPS

• Some Geology Basics | PDF File - by Garry Hayes - Modesto Junior College

• The Basics of Systems Geology | British Geological Survey

• An Introduction to Geology | PDF File - 7+megs - Pearson

• Principles of Geology | PDF File - 11+megs - University of Leeds

• Structural Geology Introduction/Review of Basic Principles | Western Oregon University

• An Introduction to Structural Geology | PDF File - 15+megs - University of Sydney School of Geosciences

• Geologist | Wikipedia
  "A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth as well as the processes and history that has shaped it."

• Careers in Geology | George Washington University

• GeologyLink - Cengage Learning - Online Study Center
  Houghton Mifflin - the publisher of Geology and Essentials of Geology - is pleased to present a public forum for all matters geological. This area is open to students, university instructors, professional geologists, and anyone else who seeks insight into the world’s daily geological rumblings.
  • Inside Geology
    "Want to learn more about basic concepts in geology? Curious about a recent geologic event? Interested in studying a subject in depth? The following chapters will link you to numerous topical class lectures, Web sites, references, news items, organizations, and glossaries."

• SERC: The Science Education Resource Center at Carleton College
  • Teaching Entry-Level Geoscience
  • The Math You Need When You Need It
    Math tutorials for students in introductory geosciences
  • Student Resources | Math in a geoscience context
  • On the Cutting Edge
    The NAGT On the Cutting Edge project is a comprehensive, discipline-wide professional development program for current and future geoscience faculty that offers an integrated workshop series, a website with topical collections of teaching resources, and a leadership development program. The web collection included over 4000 pages, 33 topical collections, and more than 1200 community-contributed teaching activities at the completion of this project.

• GeoScienceWorld

• HistoryWorld - History and Timelines
  • History of Geology

• History of Geology
  Professor James S. Aber, Earth Science Department, Emporia State College
  • Listing of Geologists and Geological Institutions
  • History of Geology - Alfred Wegener

• OU History of Science Collections - Historic texts in Geology: epubs by Robert Cody
  These ePub files are enhanced by Robert Cody. Cody provides a helpful introduction to each author and work. The books also include abundant maps and illustrations, many in color.

  

• The Worldwide Museum of Natural History
  • History of Geology | Correlating Earth's History
    - Lecture Notes by Paul R. Janke

• Charles Lyell
  • ESP: Electronic Scholarly Publishing
    The ESP site is dedicated to the electronic publishing of scientific and other scholarly materials.
    • Digital Books
      • Principles of Geology Volumes 1 - 3, by Sir Charles Lyell
  • ManyBooks.net - Free E-Books
    • Principles of Geology by Charles Lyell - Free E-Book
  • Project Gutenberg
    Project Gutenberg offers over 40,000 free ebooks: choose among free epub books, free kindle books, download them or read them online.
    • A Manual of Elementary Geology by Charles Lyell
    • Principles of Geology by Charles Lyell
  • Internet History Sourcebook Project | Fordham University
    The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted historical texts presented cleanly (without advertising or excessive layout) for educational use. | Paul Halsall, Editor
    • Charles Lyell: Principles of Geology III & IV
  • Charles Lyell | Wikipedia

• Darwin, Then and Now
  • Principles of Geology

• Uniformitarianism: Charles Lyell | Evolution - Berkeley

  ---

• Videos
  • Science Channel: Space, Technology, Engineering, Earth Science | Videos
    • 100 Greatest Discoveries in Earth Science - Videos
    • What The Ancients Knew - Videos
      • What The Ancients Knew: Indian Metal Workers: Video

  • 100 Greatest Discoveries | infocobuild

  • 100 Greatest Discoveries - Earth Sciences | Hosted by Bill Nye | Cosmolearning

  • How The Earth Was Made | Season One - Full Episodes | OV Guide
    • How The Earth Was Made | Season Two - Full Episodes

  • "Secrets of the Earth" by The Weather Channel - 19 Videos | YouTube
    "Secrets of the Earth" explores our planet with the same sense of awe and wonder normally reserved for alien worlds. Computer graphics, visual analogies and a recurring cast of expert scientists combine to reveal new aspects of the world you think you know, from canyons of gravity that warp space and time to rain triggered by cosmic rays.

  • Secrets of Science 13 Videos Series | A 13 Video Encyclopedia of Science | The Video Project
    Our mission is to distribute the very best in educational media and documentary programming on critical environmental, global and social issues to the widest possible audience worldwide, including colleges, schools, libraries, businesses, religious groups, government agencies and non-governmental organizations.

  ---

• Wikipedia
  • Geological History of Earth | Geologic Time Scale | Earth Science | Outline of Earth Science
    Outline of Geology | History of Geology | History of Geography | Physical Geography | Historical Geology

  

• geoword - Hugh Rance's geology website
  • Physical and Historical Geology Defined | PDF File

• Starting Point - Teaching Entry Level Geoscience
  • Earth History Courses
    • Historical Geology | Pamela Gore
      This introductory online historical geology class teaches basic scientific principles like evolution and plate tectonics, then reviews Earth history from the Precambrian to the present day.

• Earth Science World - Gateway to the Geosciences
  • Image Bank | Over 6,000 images
    "The Earth Science World Image Bank is a service provided by the American Geological Institute (AGI). This Image Bank is designed to provide quality geoscience images to the public, educators, and the geoscience community."

• DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals
  Free, full text, quality controlled scientific and scholarly journals, covering all subjects and many languages.

• Earth Sciences Website | Articles by Donald Blanchard

• Geological Society of Australia
  • Education Resources | Geofacts and Activities for the Classroom
  • GeoLinks | Australia

• Earth Science Australia
  • Geological Time Periods
  • Minerals & Energy

• NOVA - Australia Awakening | Video
  Australia’s ancient landscape holds clues to Earth's early history and the beginning of life. Aired April 10, 2013 on PBS. This is the first episode of a four-part series.

• Stromatolites of Shark Bay
• What are Microbial Mats? | NASA
• Stromatolites - The longest living organisms on Earth
• Stromatolites | Indiana University
• Stromatolites - The Oldest Fossils | Virtual Fossil Museumm
• Stromatolites | Wikipedia

• Open Directory: Earth Sciences
  
  • Geology
  • Environment

• WWW Virtual Library Project
  • Earth Science
  • Biosciences

• Geoscience Information Society
  The Geoscience Information Society (GSIS) facilitates the exchange of information in the geosciences through cooperation among scientists, librarians, editors, cartographers, educators, and information professionals.

  

• Geology.com: News and Information for Geology & Earth Science
  • What is Geology? What does a Geologist Do?
  • Geology Glossary
  • Geology and Earth Science Terms and Definitions
  • Astronomy Articles, Images, Information and Research
  • Geology and Earth Science Articles by Category
  • Mineral Uses, Properties, Descriptions
    • What are Minerals? | What are Mineral Properties?
    • Rare Earth Elements and Their Uses
    • How Do Diamonds Form?
  • Geological Time Scale - A Time Line for the Geolgical Sciences
    
    Printable PDF Graph of Geologic Time

• American Geosciences (Geological) Institute
  The American Geosciences Institute is a nonprofit federation of geoscientific and professional associations that represents more than 250,000 geologists, geophysicists, and other earth scientists.
  • Glossary of Geology
    Glossary Online: Web-based subscription
  • Geoscience Workforce
    • Geoscience Careers Brochure

• American Geophysical Union
  Over 90 Years of Quality Research in the Geosciences

• Geological Society of America
  "The Geological Society of America is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the advancement of the science of geology."
  • Geology
    The journal Geology publishes timely, innovative, and provocative articles relevant to its international audience, representing research from all fields of the geosciences.
  • Education and Outreach Center
  • Geocareers
  • Geoscience Links | Long List of Associated Societies

• IUGS: International Union of Geological Sciences
  The International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) is one of the largest and most active non-governmental scientific organizations in the world.

• IUGG: International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
  Contributed papers cover all areas of geophysics--ocean sciences, meteorology and atmospheric sciences, hydrological sciences, geodesy, seismology, volcanology, physics and chemistry of the Earth's interior, geomagnetism, and aeronomy.

• USGS: Geochemistry
  Study of the distribution of chemical elements and natural compounds on the earth and in the atmosphere and the chemical processes that affect the earth.

  ---

• Origin of Moon

• Lunar and Planetary Institute
  The Lunar and Planetary Institute, a division of the Universities Space Research Association, was established during the Apollo missions to foster international collaboration and to serve as a repository for information gathered during the early years of the space program.
  • Education and Public Outreach
    • Volcanism
  • Resources
    • USGS Geologic Atlas of the Moon

• Giant Impact Hypothesis | Wikipedia
  The giant impact hypothesis states that the Moon was formed out of the debris left over from a collision between the Earth and a body the size of Mars, approximately 4.5 Gya (four and a half billion years ago).

  

• Earth | BBC
  • Where did the Moon come from? | by Katie Silver - June 16, 2015

• Planetary Science Institute
  • The Origin of the Moon

• Courtney Seligman, Professor of Astronomy
  • Online Astronomy E-Text: Table of Contents
    • Origin of the Solar System
    • The Origin of the Moon

• Space and NASA News - Universe and Deep Space Information
  • It's Official: Water Found on the Moon | September 23, 2009
  • Moon Water Discovery Hints at Mystery Source Deep Under Ground | August 27, 2013

• If We Had No Moon | Top Documentary Films
  VIDEO - 51 minutes

  ---

• Geology of Mars

• Exploring the Planets | 2nd Edition
  By Eric H. Christiansen and W. Kenneth Hamblin
  • Geology of the Moon: Chapter 4
    "The importance of the Moon in studying the principles of geology is that it provides an insight into the basic mechanics of planetary evolution and events that occurred early in the solar system."
  • Geology of Mars: Chapter 6

• Geology of Mars
  Albert T. Hsui, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
  Here you can learn about the six geological processes that are either currently operating on Mars or have operated during Martian history.

• Geology of Mars | Wikipedia

• Earth Life From Mars?
  • Maybe Mars Seeded Earth's Life, Maybe It Didn't
    August 29, 2013 - Scientific American Blog
    
  • 'We are all Martians': Chemist's otherworldly claim stirs debate
    August 28, 2013 - NBC News
    
  • Earth Life Likely Came From Mars - August 27, 2013 - Space.com

  ---

• Microbes

• It's a microbial world | Jane Qiu, 18, April, 2010 - Nature News
  • Microbiology News

• Life in a Pond: The Under Water Ecosystem | The Water Page

• Pond Life Identification Kit
  A simple guide to small and microscopic pond life

• The Virus that Binds: A Novel Idea Marries Biology and Mining | July 28, 2009 - Science Daily

• Award-Winning Photos Bring the Microscopic World to Life
  October 14, 2015 - Discover Magazine

• NOAA Home
  • Organisms that thrive in Arctic sea ice

• Microbial Life | Educational Resources
  This site contains a variety of educational and supporting materials for students and teachers of microbiology. Teaching and learning about the diversity, ecology and evolution of the microbial world; discover the connections between microbial life, the history of the earth and our dependence on micro-organisms.
  • What is an Extremophile?

• Extremophiles | Microbiology: The Beginning

• NOVA | The Lives of Extremophiles
  
  • Chilean extremophile bacteria thrive in Mars-like conditions
    New extremophile organisms have been found high in the Atacama desert
    By Matt Ford, March 5, 2009 - arstechnica
  • Microbial Oasis Discovered Beneath The Atacama Desert
    Science Daily | February 16, 2012

• Atacama Desert's "Extreme Microbial Oasis" - A Preview of Future Mars Discoveries?
  The Daily Galaxy

• Open Questions
  "A place for everyone to explore on the frontiers of science."
  
  • Earth Science
    • Topic Index
      • Archaea and Extremophiles

  ---

• Metals
  • SteeLog - A Metallurgical Dictionary - All Metals & Forge
    SteeLog is a metallurgical dictionary on more than 5,000 terms used in the metals and metalworking industries.
  • Boundless Chemistry
    • Metalic Crystals
      Metallic crystals are held together by metallic bonds, electrostatic interactions between cations and delocalized electrons.
  • The Structure of Crystals - Animation | King's College
    
    • Simple Cubic Metal | Includes Animation
  • Fabrication of crystals from single metal atoms | Nature
    Metal nanocrystals offer new concepts for the design of nanodevices with a range of potential applications.
  • Structures of Metals | University of Washington
  • NDT Education Resources
    • General Materials Classification
      • Metals
        • Solid State Structure
        • Primary Metalic Crystaline Structures
          As pointed out on the previous page [link above], there are 14 different types of crystal unit cell structures or lattices found in nature.
  • The Structure of Metals | Bodner Research Labs - Purdue University

• Mineralogy

• IMA: International Mineralogical Association

• Mineral | The Free Dictionary

• Mineralogy | Encyclopedia Britannica

• Mineralogy | New World Encyclopedia

• Mineral List | LithoCat
  Mineral - Formula - Crystal System

• Wikipedia
  • List of Minerals
  • Crystal
  • Mineralogy
    Mineralogy is a mixture of chemistry, materials science, physics and geology.
  • History of mineralogy

• Complete Information Guide to Rocks, Minerals, and Gemstones | Minerals.net
  • Minerals A-Z

• Mineralogy | Prof. Stephen A. Nelson - Tulane University

• GeoScienceWorld | Includes E-book Collections
  GeoScienceWorld eBook Collections provides 1,100 eBooks from leading global societies publishing in the Earth Sciences with full chapter downloads and a mobile device friendly eBook reader.
  • Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry

• Some Fundamentals of Mineralogy and Geochemistry
  By L. Bruce Railsback, Department of Geology, University of Georgia

• American Mineralogist -- An International Journal of Earth and Planetary Material
  Our mission is ... to provide readers with reports on original scientific research, both fundamental and applied, with far reaching implications and far ranging appeal.

  

• Mineralogy 4 Kids | Mineralogy Society of America

• Rocks and Minerals (Grade 4) | TAP

• RocksForKids
  • How Rocks & Minerals are Formed

• The Basics of Rocks and Minerals and Polar Geology | OSU

• Mineralogy Database -- Mineral Collecting, Localities,... | Mindat.org
  "Mindat.org is the largest mineral database and mineralogy reference website on the internet. This site contains worldwide data on minerals, mineral collecting, mineral localities and other mineralogical information."

• Handbook of Mineralogy
  The Handbook of Mineralogy series is a Five Volume set authored by John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, and Monte C. Nichols, and published by Mineral Data Publishing. Each mineral known at the time of publication occupies one page of the handbook.

• Mineralogy Database
  It contains 4,714 individual mineral species descriptions with links and a comprehensive image library.
  • Links to Mineral Data

• Friends of Mineralogy
  "We are collectors, professionals, and curators who share a love of mineral specimens and the desire to promote understanding and appreciation of mineralogy."

  

• College of Natural Resources | University of California, Berkeley
  • Index | Berkeley
    • What is a Gem?
    • Where do Gems form? & Where are they found?
    • Diamonds and Diamond Simulants
    • Transmission of Light - Color in Minerals
      • Further Description - Basic Concepts
    • Alphabetical Mineral Reference

  ---

• Crystal Growth | The Dynamic Earth
• Science Activity: Growing Crystals | Mr. Thackwrays Science Unit
• How to Grow the Best Crystals | Scientific American
• How Do Crystals Form? | Mineralogical Society of America
• Minerals, Crystals, and Gems | Smithsonian Education
• Introduction to Crystallography and Mineral Crystal Systems
  By Mike and Darcy Howard
• Crystallography Now
  "In what follows I provide a brief description and rigorous classification of the seventeen planar crystallographic groups (also known as wallpaper patterns)."
• ICSD: Inorganic Crystal Structure Database
  FIZ Karlsruhe provides the scientific and the industrial community with the world's largest database for completely identified inorganic crystal structures, ICSD, containing about 177,000 peer-reviewed data entries including their atomic coordinates dating back to 1913.

  ---

• Radiometric Dating
  • Geologic Time - Dating Techniques | Tulane University
    "Prior to the late 17th century, geologic time was thought to be the same as historical time."
  • How Do Geologists Know How Old a Rock Is? | Utah Geological Survey
  • How Old is That Rock? | NASA-sponsored classroom of the future
  • An Essay on Radiometric Dating by Jonathan Woolf
  • Radioactive Dating by Frank Steiger
  • Radiometric Dating Methods by Sean D. Pitman, M.D.
  • Radiometric dating | Wikipedia

• Atmosphere

• UCAR: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
  UCAR serves as a hub for research, education, and public outreach for the atmospheric and related Earth sciences community.
  • Research Topics at a Glance | Research & Resources
  • NCAR: The National Center for Atmospheric Research
    
    • NCAR/Atmospheric Chemistry Division
      The overall scientific goal of ACD is to identify and quantify the natural and anthropogenic processes that regulate the chemical composition of the troposphere and middle atmosphere and to assess future changes caused by human activities.

  

• The Atmosphere: Table of Contents | Grade level 5-8
  • The History of the Atmosphere
  • Present Day Composition

• Layers of Earth's Atmosphere | Windows To The Universe

• Layers of the Atmosphere

• Composition of the Atmosphere | Climate Education for K-12 | NC State University

• How did Earth's atmosphere form? | NASA Scijinks for Kids

• The Atmosphere - Origin and Structure | Eastern Illinois University

• The Origin of Oxygen in Earth's Atmosphere | Scientific American

• Source of Half Earth's Oxygen Gets Little Credit | National Geographic
  "In the process of photosynthesis, phytoplankton release oxygen into the water. Half of the world's oxygen is produced via phytoplankton photosynthesis. The other half is produced via photosynthesis on land by trees, shrubs, grasses, and other plants."

• How Earth Got Its Oxygen | Live Science

• The Most Important Organism | Ecology Network

• Structural Biochemistry/The Endosymbiotic Theory | Wikibooks

• Evolution of the Atmosphere: Composition, Structure, and Energy | University of Michigan

• Life and the Evolution of Earth's Atmosphere | PDF File | by Stephen J. Mojzsis - AMNH

• Evolution of the Atmosphere | Encyclopedia Britannica

• Geologic History of Earth - Development of the Atmosphere and Oceans | Encyclopedia Brittanica

  ---

• Ozone, Ozone Layer
  
  • How Does The Earth Protect Us From Space? | Universe Today
  • Ultraviolet Radiation: How It Affects Life On Earth | Earth Observatory - NASA
  • Ultravioloet Radiation | NSF Polar Programs UV Monitoring Network
  • How the Ozone Layer Works | HowStuffWorks
  • Ozone Layer | Encyclopedia Britannica
  • Ozone | Ozone, UV, and Aerosal studies
    Welcome to the webpages of the ozone, aerosol and UV research group at the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB).
    • Formation of ozone
  • Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd edition)
    • Chapter 7: Introduction to the Atmosphere
      • Chapter 7e: The Ozone Layer
  • Wikipedia
    • Ozone
    • Ozone layer
    • Ozone-oxygen cycle

  • The Causes of Ozone Depletion | BC Air Quality
  • Brief Questions and Answers on Ozone Depletion | EPA
    • The Process of Ozone Depletion
  • Ozone Depletion | National Geographic
  • Ozone and the Atmosphere | Goddard Earth Sciences Data
  • Ozone Layer Depletion | Environment for Kids - Ducksters
  • Ask the Scientist - What is Ozone, and why is it important?
  • Ozone Facts | AirNow.gov
  • Ozone and the Ozone Layer | English Online
    Articles in easy understandable english for learners
  • Ozone Facts: What is the Ozone Hole? | Ozone Watch

• Ocean/Marine Life

• Ocean Conservation Society

• MarineBio Conservation Society
  • Marine Life
    • MarineBio Species Database: Search

• Marine Biology Web - An Educational Resource | by Jeffrey Levinton
  • Glossary of Marine Biology

• Oceana North America
  Oceana, founded in 2001, is the largest international organization focused solely on ocean conservation.

  

• CoML
  "The Census of Marine Life is a growing global network of researchers in more than 45 nations engaged in a ten-year initiative to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of marine life in the oceans -- past, present, and future."
  • Image Gallery | Spectacular Pictures of Bizarre Creatures

• OBIS: Ocean Biogeographic Information System
  OBIS is an evolving strategic alliance of people and organizations sharing a vision to make marine biogeographic data, from all over the world, freely available over the World Wide Web.

  ---

• "Drain the Ocean" | Watch Free Documentary Online | Top Documentary Films - 90 minutes
  Digital ocean mapping and CGI technology vividly illustrate the mountains, plains, canyons and creatures of the deep as never seen before, revealing a world of almost unimaginable scale right here on Earth.

• Episode Guide - The Series - One Ocean: The Nature of Things with David Suzuki
  "One Ocean is an ambitious, provocative and stunning four-part documentary series that portrays the ocean more completely than ever before, revealing its awesome beauty and extraordinary power."
  Birth of an Ocean; Footprints in the Sand; Mysteries of the Deep; The Changing Sea

• "Science of the Deep" VIDEOS

  ---

• Oceanography

• Introduction to Physical Oceanography | PDF File
  By Robert H. Stewart - Department of Oceanography - Texas A&M University

• Introduction to Physical Oceanography | The Online Books Page
  • Scripps Institution of Oceanography
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
  • Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute

• The Oceanography Society
  The Oceanography Society (TOS) was founded in 1988 to disseminate knowledge of oceanography and its application through research and education, to promote communication among oceanographers, and to provide a constituency for consensus-building across all the disciplines of the field.

• The Ocean Drilling Program
  • International Ocean Discovery Program
  • Janus Web Database -- Marine Geoscience Data
    The database includes paleontological, lithostratigraphic, chemical, physical, sedimentological, and geophysical data for ocean sediments and hard rocks.

• NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

• NASA Oceanography

• Oceanography | Wikipedia

• Science Daily: Oceanography News
  • X-ray study reveals new details of how burrowing sea creatures shape geology
    October 14, 2015

• The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt | UNEP
  • IMAGE of the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt

  

• What is the global ocean conveyor belt? | National Ocean Service - NOAA

• Ocean Conveyor Belt - Thermohaline Circulation | National Geographic Education

• Ocean Conveyor Belt Impact | Ocean Motion

• The Blue Planet | University of Michigan

• The Earth System | Climatica

• Thermohaline Circulation | Wikipedia

  ---

  Performing a GOOGLE IMAGE search on great ocean conveyor belt
  will return countless images, each of which is associated with a webpage or site.

  ---

• Seawater
  • What is Seawater Made of? | Painting by Karen Carr
    For Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Sant Oceans Hall
  • Seawater, Major Constitutents | Encyclopedia.Com
  • Seawater | Wikipedia
  • Seawater Chemistry | East Carolina University
  • Welcome to Marine Science by Genny Anderson
    • Table of Contents
      • Seawater
        • Seawater Composition
  • Chemical Composition of Seawater; Salinity and the Major Constituents
    PDF File - 7.92mb | Chemical Oceanography
  • What is Happening in the Ocean? | NASA's Climate Kids

  ---

  

• Measuring Waves
  • CDIP: The Coastal Data Information Program
    The Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) is an extensive network for monitoring waves and beaches along the coastlines of the United States.
    • Wave Measurement | CDIP
  • So, Just How Are Wave Heights Measured? | NOAA
  • Oceanography Index | Seafriends
    • Oceanography: waves
      Theory and principles of waves, how they work and what causes them.
  • Wind & Waves | Australian Maritime Safety Authority
  • Wave height | Wikipedia

  ---

• Plate Tectonics

  

• USGS: Plate Tectonics
  This Dynamic Earth: Contents | The story of plate tectonics
  • Moving Slabs - Plate Map

  → Click image to the right for larger version ... →

• Plate Tectonics: Lecture on Crust of the Earth
  By Dr. Gene J. Paull - University of Texas at Brownsville

• The Paleomap Project | Christopher R. Scotese
  The goal of the PALEOMAP Project is to illustrate the plate tectonic development of the ocean basins and continents, as well as the changing distribution of land and sea during the past 1100 million years.
  • Earth History

  

• Plate Tectonics - Archived List of URLs

• A Science Odyssey: Intro to Plate Tectonics Theory | PBS

• Astr 161: The Solar System
  Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee
  • Plate Tectonics

• Professor Smart's Web Pages | Department of Geology and Meteorology - Kean University
  • Index of /~csmart/Observing
    • Geologic Time | PDF File
    • Plate Tectonics | PDF File

  

• The Theory of Plate Tectonics | Geoscience - University of Wisconsin-Madison

• Ocean In The Earth System | PDF File - 9.5megs - American Meteorological Society

• Ms. Kaiter's Webpage Index
  • Plate Tectonics Theory

• Water: Science & Issues | Water Encyclopedia
  • Mid Ocean Ridges

• Ocean and Coasts | NOAA Education Resources
  • Ocean Floor Features

  

• Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity
  • Geological Makeup of Marine Environments
  • The Deep Sea

• The Dangerous Earth| Vicki Harder | An introduction to geologic hazards
  • What Is Geology?

• Geodynamics | Wikipedia

• SEAS: Student Experiments At Sea
  SEAS is a free web-based science education program for middle-and high-school students interested in learning about the deep sea.
  • Reference Library of Articles
    
    • Introduction to deep-sea hydrothermal vents

• Sonia's Lessons
  • Hydrothermal Vent Communities
    This webpage will familiarize students with a hydrothermal vent habitat. Students will learn where vents are likely to form, how they form, and how physical conditions contribute to the development of a living vent community and to its eventual demise.

• Deep Sea Volcanoes and Vents | American Museum of Natural History
  Deep Sea Vents materials developed with the support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

• Wikipedia
  • Triassic period
    During the Triassic, almost all the Earth's land mass was concentrated into a single supercontinent centered more or less on the equator and spanning from pole to pole, called Pangaea ("all the land").
  • Pangaea

• Pangaea | All About the Supercontinent Pangaea

• Supercontinent Pangaea Pushed, Not Sucked, Into Place | National Geographic News

• Pangaea | VIDEO/AUDIO - Encyclopedia Britannica

• Volcanism

• Smithsonian Institution - Global Volcanism Program

  

• SDSU: San Diego State University - Department of Geological Sciences
  
  • How Volcanoes Work
    • How Volcanoes Work - Volcano Types
      • Stratovolcanoes

• Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
  • Submarine Volcanism Project

• Volcanoes and Volcanism
  Interactive slideshow presentation

• Krakatoa: The Last Days | Watch Free Documentary Online - 1 hour, 27 minutes
  Krakatoa: The Last Days (also titled Krakatoa: Volcano of Destruction) is a BBC Television docudrama.

  

• BBC News | Science/Nature | Unravelling Krakatoa's secrets | by Professor Nick Petford

• Earth Science | Extreme Science
  • Caldera Volcanoes
  • What is a Stratovolcano?

• Volcano World | Your World is Erupting | Oregon State University
  • Stratovolcano

  ---

• Earthquakes

• IRIS: The Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology
  IRIS is a consortium of over 120 US universities dedicated to the operation of science facilities for the acquisition, management, and distribution of seismological data. Membership comprises virtually all US universities with research programs in seismology, and includes a growing number of Educational Affiliates, US Affiliates, and Foreign Affiliates.

• The Nevada Seismological Laboratory
  The Nevada Seismological Labratory at the University of Nevada, Reno investigates earthquakes and their effects in Nevada and eastern California.

• Northern California Earthquake Data Center Home Page

  

• NEWSGROUP: sci.geo.earthquakes
  Your News Server must list this newsgroup in order to access it.

• USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
  Try performing a search on "earthquake."
  • Research
  • Paleoseismology
  • Information by State/Territory
  • Historic World Earthquakes

• Introduction to Self-Organized Criticality & Earthquakes
  By Nathan Wilson, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan

• Dr. Harmon D. Maher Jr., Department of Geography and Geology, University of Nebraska at Omaha
  • Physical Geology Index Page
  • Analysis of Fractal Geometries in the Geosciences
  → Coordinate Systems Overview | Peter H. Dana, author
  "This overview of coordinate systems for georeferencing provides a brief description of local and global systems for use in precise positioning, navigation, and geographic information systems for the location of points in space."

• Earthquake Articles, Information, News, and Facts | Geology.com
  • FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency
  • Disaster Net
    Disaster.net is a resource center for disaster preparation and relief.

  ---

• Palaeos: Life Through Deep Time
  • How old are the oldest rocks on Earth? | September 26, 2008 - Science Daily
  • How to Build a Smarter Rock | Emily Underwood | Science Magazine - AAAS - Geomorphology

• Photos of the World's Oldest Living Things | Science & Nature | Smithsonian Magazine - January, 2013
  Photographer Rachel Sussman, article by Joseph Stromberg

  ---

• Wikipedia
  • Phanerozoic - The Currrent Geologic Eon
    
  • Paleoclimatology

  

• NOAA Home
  • NOAA: Paleoclimatology Program
    • Paleoclimatology Data
      • Education and Outreach: Paleoclimatology Resources
    • Climate Timeline Tool: Paleo Data Access Page
      • Climate Reconstruction
    • Summary of Climate TimeLine - Climate Timeline Information Tool

• NASA Home
  • NASA Earth Observatory
    • Earth - NASA Science
    • NASA Ames Earth Science Division
    • GCMD: Global Change Master Directory
      Goddard Space Flight Center - A directory of Earth Science data
      • Biome 6000: Reconstructed Biomes from Paleoecological Data
        • Paleoclimate
        • Terrestrial Hydrosphere
          • Water Quality/Water Chemistry

  ---

• Paleontology

• Table of Geological Periods | Infoplease

  ---

• Earth Science Concepts: What is Geologic Time?
  U.S. Geological Survey - National Park Service - Department of the Interior

  

• The Ages of the Earth

• How Old is the Earth? | ExtremeScience

• Timeline of evolutionary history of life | Wikipedia

• Evolution of Life | University of Waikato

• Palaeos: Life Through Deep Time

• National Geographic: Prehistoric World, Prehistoric Time, Photos, Videos, Maps, Facts

• Fossil Mall Fossils for Sale
  • Science Section
    • History of Life in Terms of Evolution, Paleobiology, Paleotology & Fossil Record

• The Virtual Fossil Museum: Fossils Across Geological Time and Evolution
  • Geological Time
    • Paleobiology with Evolution of Life across Geologic Time

• Paleontology Portal
  • A Resource for Fossil Preparation
  • Collections Management

• UCMP: University of California Museum of Paleontology
  • Geologic Time Scale
  • The Ediacaran Period
  • Introduction to the Vendian Period
  • Learning About The Vendian Animals
  • BBC News - Fossils may be 'earliest animals' | by Jonathan Amos - August 18, 2010

• Geological Events in the Ediacaran Period
  By Shuhai Xiao - Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech | PDF File - 5.12 megs

• History of Life on Earth | Nature - Prehistoric life - BBC

• Earth Science Picture of the Day

• The Paleofiles | University of Bristol
  • The Cambrian Explosion

  ---

• The Cambrian Explosion | The Big Bang of Biology
  
  • The Evolution of Life on Earth | Stephen J. Gould
    "The history of life is not necessarily progressive; it is certainly not predictable. The earth's creatures have evolved through a series of contingent and fortuitous events."
  • The Cambrian Explosion | Wikipedia
  • Origins - Cambrian evolutionary Fauna | The Scarlet Pensive
  • The Cambrian Explosion | Understanding Evolution - Berkeley
  • The Cambrian Period | UCMP
  • The Cambrian Explosion | The Burgess Shale
  • What sparked the Cambrian explosion? | February 16, 2016 by Douglas Fox - Nature
    An evolutionary burst 540 million years ago filled the seas with an astonishing diversity of animals. The trigger behind that revolution is finally coming into focus.
  • Lightning-Fast Evolution Clocked During Cambrian Explosion | September 12, 2013 by Tia Goss - LiveScience
  • Cambrian Explosion | PDF File| by Joseph L. Kirschvink & Tomothy V. Raub - California Institute of Technology
  • The Scientific Controversy Over the Cambrian Explosion
    Center for Science and Culture/Discovery Institute, Seattle
  • Phys.org -- Science News, Technology, Physics, Nanotechnology
    • NEWS tagged with Cambrian Explosion
      • Explosive growth of life on Earth fueled by early greening of planet

  • Evolution for Teaching | University of Waikato
    • Plant and Animal Evolution
      "Whatever their origins, animals may have ventured onto land early in the Cambrian. Previously scientists believed that animals did not begin to colonise the land until the Silurian (440 - 410 million years ago). However, the 2002 discovery of the footprints of animals that scuttled about on sand dunes about 530 million years ago has changed this view."
  • Oldest Fossil Footprints on Land | Nature
    "The oldest fossils of footprints ever found on land hint that animals may have beaten plants out of the primordial seas."
  • What is Evolution? | About.com
    • The History of Life on Earth
  • The Quest for Chordate Origins | Excerpt of a Lecture by Jennifer Duffy, University of Alberta
  • The Strangest Cambrian Creatures Ever Discovered
    
  • Richard Cowen -- UCD Faculty
    • History of Life -- 5th edition
      • Chapter 5: The Cambrian Explosion
        • Images of Animals: the Ediacaran and the Cambrian

  • Age of Animals | Universe Review
    • Cambrian Period
  • The Cambrian Explosion | Fossil Museum
    
  • Dawn of Animal Life | Miller Museum of Geology -- Queen's University, Canada
    • Eukaryotic Cells
      "Differences between plants and animals seem at first to mark a basic division of life on Earth. Scientists however recognize an even more fundamental division: life based on prokaryotic cells versus life based on eukaryotic cells."
  • Biology Reference
    • Cambrian Explosion - Biology Encyclopedia
  • ActionBioscience
    • Evidence and the Cambrian Explosion by Jeffrey S. Levinton

  • The Cambrian "explosion": Slow-fuse or megatonnage | PDF File | by Simon Conway Morris - PNAS
  • Professor Simon Conway Morris - University of Cambridge
  • Simon Conway Morris Biography | ISCAST
  • Simon Conway Morris | Wikipedia

  • The Burgess Shale Fossils and their Importance | The Burgess Shale Geoscience Foundation
  • Fossils from the Burgess Shale of the Stephen Formation | The Virtual Fossil Museum
  • The Burgess Shale | Berkeley
  • The Burgess Shale
    • The Burgess Shale Overview
      • The Science of the Burgess Shale
  • The Burgess Shale | Smithsonian Magazine
  • How the Burgess Shale Changed Our View of Evolution | Smithsonian Magazine
  • Additional Resources on the Burgess Shale | PDF File | The Seattle Times

  ---

  

• Scott Polar Research Institute
  • Picture Library Database
  • Libraries | Browse by Country
  • Polar Museums Directory | Browse by Country
    This directory provides brief details of museums with collections relating to the Arctic and Antarctic.

• Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center | Ohio State University

  ---

• Kingdoms of Life

• Wayne's Word | An Online Textbook of Natural History
  • INDEX of Topics
    • The Five Kingdoms of Life
      

  

• Five Kingdoms of Life: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
  Brief article by Rosemary Drisdell, June 29, 2008

• What is a Plant? - Introduction to the Five Kingdoms

• Cazadero Nature Program
  • Five Kingdoms of Life

• The Six Kingdoms | Rhode Island College

• The Six Kingdoms of Life | PDF File - Lisle Community School

  ---

  Three Domains (Superkingdoms) Of Living Organisms

  I. Bacteria (19): Most of the Known Prokaryotes

  Kingdom: Eubacteria (True Bacteria)
  
  Division (Phylum) Proteobacteria: N-Fixing Bacteria
  Division (Phylum) Cyanobacteria: Blue-Green Bacteria
  Division (Phylum) Eubacteria: True Gram Posive Bacteria
  Division (Phylum) Spirochetes: Spiral Bacteria
  Division (Phylum) Chlamydiae: Intracellular Parasites

  → Click image to the right for larger version →

  II. Archaea (16): Prokaryotes of Extreme Environments

  Kingdom Crenarchaeota: Thermophiles
  Kingdom Euryarchaeota: Methanogens & Halophiles
  Kingdom Korarchaeota: Some Hot Springs Microbes

  III. Eukarya (35): Eukaryotic Cells

  Kingdom Protista (Protoctista)
  Kingdom Fungi
  Kingdom Plantae
  Kingdom Animalia

• Diagram of Phylogenetic Tree of Life

  ---

• Not plants or animals: A brief history of the origin of Kingdoms Protozoa, Protista, and Protoctista
  PDF File | by Joseph M. Scamardella, May 30, 1999

• American Museum of Natural History
  • Gottesman Hall of Planet Earth

  

• Brazos Valley Museum of Natural History

• University of California Museum of Paleontology
  This is the beginning page for Berkeley's Natural History Museum tour.
  • UCMP Web Geological Time Machine

• Natural History Museum -- London
  
  • The science of natural history | videos, images, features
    Uncover the stories behind Museum specimens and collections, the fascinating work of our scientists, and our latest exhibitions.

  ---

• Water Documentaries
  • The Water Channel
    Hi! TheWaterChannel is an open resource with lots of videos related to water.
    • The Future of Water

  • Watch Free Online -- "The Great Culling: Our Water" | Top Documentary Films
    The Great Culling of the human race already has begun. Covertly, insidiously, mercilessly, a global depopulation agenda has been launched. It is being done through chemicals added to our drinking water, food, medicines, and the air we breathe - chemicals that have the known effect of reducing fertility and shortening lifespan.

  • Watch Free Online -- "Flow: For Love of Water" | Top Documentary Films
    Irena Salina's award-winning documentary investigation into what experts label the most important political and environmental issue of the 21st Century - The World Water Crisis. Salina builds a case against the growing privatization of the world's dwindling fresh water supply with an unflinching focus on politics, pollution, human rights, and the emergence of a domineering world water cartel.
    • "Flow" the Film Home Page
    • "Flow - For Love of water" - Movie Review - 2008 | by Jennifer Merin - About.com
    • "Flow: For Love of Water" | PDF File - San Francisco Film Society

  • "Water on the Table" | Wikipedia
    Water on the Table is a Canadian documentary film directed, produced and written by filmmaker Liz Marshall. The film explores Canada’s relationship to its freshwater resources and features Canadian activist Maude Barlow in her pursuit to protect water from privatization.

  • "Tapped" The Movie | Official Site
    • "Tapped" | Top Documentary Films - For Preview Only
      Examines the role of the bottled water industry and its effects on our health, climate change, pollution, and our reliance on oil.

  ---

  There is a separate page on The Bottled Water Industry.

  ---

  • "Last Call at the Oasis" | Full Movie - Free Films.Org
    • "Last Call at the Oasis" | Participant Media
    • "Last Call at the Oasis" | PDF File | ATO & Participant Media
    • Ecocentric | Our Hero: Jessica Yu, Director of "Last Call at the Oasis" | GRACE Communications Foundation

    • When There Really Is Not a Drop to Drink | Review by A.O. Scott | The New York Times Movies
      "Last Call at the Oasis" - A Documentary About Water Supplies
      
    • For Americans' Water, It's 'Last Call at the Oasis' | Review by Mark Jenkins | NPR

  • "Water Wars: When Drought, Flood and Greed Collide" | Film Project | Documentary narrated by Martin Sheen
    • "Water Wars" | Trailer - YouTube
    • "Water Wars" | Review by Mark Leeper - IMDB

  • Top Documentary Films
    • "A World Without Water" | 76 minutes
    • "Blue Gold: World Water Wars" | 89 minutes
    • "Water: The Great Mystery" | Trailer Only

  • Water Conservation and Auxiliary Water Topics | Watercache Blog
    • 10 water documentaries provide insight into the crisis of the future

  • "Future Earth 2025: A Future of Water Shortages"
    Future Earth 2025 takes us on an extraordinary CGI journey into the future offering a vision of what the world might be like if we continue to deplete one of our primary resources – water.
    • "Future Earth 2025" | YouTube
    • "Future Earth 2025" | IMDB

  • Water Related Documentaries

• Nature & Environment

• Books and Films | Infocobuild
  Books and Films is a place where you can find films based on books, books related to films, and web documents related to the books or films.
  • Nature & Environment

• SEDRIS Data
  "A Unified View of Environmental Data"

• NatureServe Homepage
  NatureServe is a non-profit conservation organization that provides the scientific information and tools needed to help guide effective conservation action. NatureServe and its network of natural heritage programs are the leading source for information about rare and endangered species and threatened ecosystems.

• Documentary 'Synthetic Forests' Covers the Enormous Risks of GE Trees | February 6, 2016 - Dr. Mercola

• The Nature Conservancy
  The mission of The Nature Conservancy is to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends, and to collect and manage data about the status and distribution of species and ecosystems of conservation concern.
  • Regions
    The Nature Conservancy works in all 50 states and in over 35 countries around the world to preserve the animals, plants and natural communities that represent the diversity of life on Earth—by protecting the lands and waters they need to survive.
    • Papua New Guinea

• European Centre for Nature Conservation
  ECNC is an independent European expertise centre for biodiversity and sustainable development.

• WSSCC: Water Supply & Sanitation Collaborative Council

• Earthwatch Institute
  Earthwatch is a diverse community of scientists, educators, students, and businesspeople who work together to get the fullest benefit from scientific research.

• The Envirolink Network
  "The EnviroLink Network is a non-profit organization which has been providing access to thousands of online environmental resources since 1991."

• GreenNet
  "GreenNet is part of the only global computer network specifically designed for environment, peace, human rights and development groups."

• Sierra Club Home Page

• Greenpeace International (USA)
  • Research
  • The Environmentalist - Blog

• Information Center for the Environment (ICE)
  The Information Center for the Environment is a cooperative effort of environmental scientists at the University of California, Davis and collaborators at over thirty private, state, federal, and international organizations interested in environmental protection.

• NWF: National Wildlife Federation
  • Wildlife Library
  • What to do With Fallen Leaves | Blog

• WWF: World Wildlife Fund
  • NEWS: Hundreds of new species discovered in the fragile Eastern Himalayan region | October 5, 2015

  ---

• Biomes
  Performing a GOOGLE IMAGE search on Biomes will return more information
  sources on Physical Geography and biomes than you'll probably ever need.
  Each image is associated with a page, in case you didn't know.

  ---

  Characteristics of the Earth's Terrestrial Biomes

  
  Click above image for webpage with legend

  ---

• Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd edition) - An Online Textbook - 310 Pages
  Created by Michael J. Pidwirny, Department of Geography, Okanagan University College
  Physical Geography is a sub-discipline of two much larger fields of study - Geography and Earth Sciences. The main purpose of Physical Geography is to explain the spatial characteristics of the various natural phenomena associated with the Earth's hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere.
  • Contents
    • Introduction to Physical Geography
  → Download E-Book : Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd edition)
  The textbook contains over three hundred pages of information and more than four hundred 2-D illustrations, photographs, and animated graphics organized into ten chapters.

  

• Progress in Physical Geography Journal

• Progress in Physical Geography | Sources of Nonlinearity and Complexity in Geomorphic Systems
  PDF File | Jonathan D. Philips

• Biomes | Great Pictures | Buzzle.com

• The Ocean Biome | Windows to the Universe
  • Image Gallery

• World Biomes - Explore Five of the World's Main Biomes
  • World Biomes - Aquatic

  

• KDE Santa Barbara - Kids Do Ecology
  • World Biomes
    • Marine
    • Freshwater
    • Grassland

• A Guide to the Different Water Biomes | Compliments of Lynn Taylor

• A Graphic Look at the State of the World - Planet Earth: The Executive Summary
  • Global Ecology - Global Currents and Terrestrial Biomes Map

  

• Biomes of the World | Marietta College | Interactive Map
  • Topic Index
    
    • Ocean Habitats
      • The Grassland Biome

• Biomes | Wikipedia
  • Ecosystem

• UCMP: University of California Museum of Paleontology
  • UCMP Glossary
    • The World's Biomes
  • Online Exhibits
    • The World's Biomes
      Biomes are defined as "the world's major communities, classified according to the predominant vegetation and characterized by adaptations of organisms to that particular environment"
      • The Grassland Biome

• Blue Planet Biomes
  This site was created and developed by Elisabeth Benders-Hyde. It evolved from a biome project created by Ann and Karl Nelson, two fabulous 6th grade math and science teachers. All the information on this site produced by students at the West Tisbury Elementary School.
  • World Biomes
  • Savanna

  

• Habitats | BBC Nature
  • Tropical Grassland

• Serengeti | Wikipedia

• Serengeti National Park Official Site
  • Serengeti Vegetation
    • Savanna Plant Ecology | PDF File
      "world of savanna plant ecology in detail"

• FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • Grasslands of the World | Edited by J.M. Suttie, S.G. Reynolds and C. Batello
    • Grasslands of the World: Chapter One: Introduction | FAO
      "Grasslands are a very large carbon sink at world level. Minahi et al. (1993) state that they are almost as important as forests in the recycling of greenhouse gasses and that soil organic matter under grassland is of the same magnitude as in tree biomass; the carbon storage capacity under grassland can be increased by avoiding tillage."

  ---

• Coral Reefs

  

• UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme
  • Coral Reef Atlas

• Mother Jones | Smart, Fearless Journalism
  • Search on "Coral Reefs"

• The Wild Classroom: Biology Videos and Podcasts
  • Biomes of the World - Biome Map | Interactive Map
    "Click on a biome on the above graph for more information, informative videos, and links to scientist profiles, travel information, lesson plans and species profiles for each region."
    • Coral Reef Biome

  

• Enchanted Learning Home Page
  • Coral Reef Animal Printouts

• Coral Reef Facts and Information
  Your Online Guide to the World of the Coral Reef
  • Coral Reef Biome: Structure, Habitats, Communities
  → The Importance of Drugs From the Sea | Fox News

  ---

• Ecosystems

  

• An On-Line Biology Book: Table of Contents | by Doctor Michael Farabee
  • Community and Ecosystem Dynamics

• Smithsonian Museum of Natural History
  • Paleobiology Home
  • Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems Program
    The Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ETE) Program was formed by a group of professional researchers in paleontology who study the evolutionary paleoecology of land ecosystems.

• Encyclopedia of Earth
  • Ecosystem

• Welcome to the Kids' Corner of the Houghton Forestry Sciences Lab
  
  • Definition of an Ecosystem

• 'What If We Change' Magazine | Visons on ecosystem restorations
  • Resources
    • Guide to the Millennium Assessment Reports

• Self-Organization in Complex Ecosystems | by Richard V. Sole and Jordi Bascompte

• Are Ecosystems Alive? by Vincent Vesterby

• Handbook of ecosystem theories and management

  ---

  • When eradicating invasive species threatens endangered species recovery
    May 29, 2014 | News360 - PhysOrg
  • Optimal approaches for balancing invasive species eradication and endangered species management
    May 30, 2014 | Science Mag - AAAS

  ---

• NSIDC: National Snow & Ice Data Center
  
  • All About Glaciers: Introduction

• Glaciers | National Park Service

• Glacier | Encyclopedia Britannica

• Glaciology | Wikipedia

• Theories of the Ice Age

• Richard A. Muller | Professor, Berkeley Department of Physics
  • A brief introduction to ice age theories
    

• New Evidence Supports Ice Age Comet Theory

• Iceage Theory | A Chaos theory of ice ages

• Ice Ages: Illinois State Museum

  ---

• SOIL
  
  • Soil Society of America
  • Geology, Rocks and Minerals | Enchanted Learning
    • Soil Layers
  • Soil for Schools | SoilNet.com
  • K-12 Soil Science Teacher Resources | Soil Biology
    • Glossary
  • Soils4kids.org
    • What is Soil?
  • Introduction to Earth Science | Lecture Handouts Index
    • Introduction to Clay Minerals and Soils
  • Soil Composition and Formation | Indiana University
    • Virtual CD-ROM/ Floppy Disk Library
  • Fundamentals of Soil | basic principles of tropical soils | University of Hawaii
    • Soil Composition
      The basic components of soil are minerals, organic matter, water and air.
  • Table of Contents | Soil quality considerations in the selection of sites for aquaculture | FAO - United Nations
  • How Rocks & Minerals are Formed | RocksForKids.com
  • Plant Nutrition | Kids World
    • Plant Nutrients
      "Sixteen chemical elements are known to be important to a plant's growth and survival. The sixteen chemical elements are divided into two main groups: non-mineral and mineral."
  • Soil | Wikipedia
    "Soil formation, or pedogenesis, is the combined effect of physical, chemical, biological and anthropogenic processes working on soil parent material."
    • Mediaviewer
    • Plant nutrition
  • Plant Nutrients in the Soil | DPI - AU
  • Understanding Soil Nutrients | PDF File - University of Vermont

• The Devonian Explosion

• The Devonian Period | Encyclopedia of Earth
  "By the end of the Devonian, the first seed plants had appeared. This rapid appearance of so many plant groups and growth forms has been called the "Devonian Explosion".
• Devonian | New World Encyclopedia
• UCMP: University of California Museum of Paleontology
  • The Devonian Period
  • Life of the Devonian
• The Devonian Period | Palaeos
• Earth History: Overview
  Old Earth Ministries Online Earth History Curriculum
  • The Devonian Period
• Silurian - Devonian Periods - Slideshare - Transcript Included
• History of Palaeozoic Forests: The Earliest Land Plants
  Paleobotanical Research Group - University of Munster
• Devonian | Wikipedia
• Did Plants Cool the Earth and Spark Explosion of Life? | National Geographic News

• First Land Plants and Fungi Changed Earth's Climate Paving the Way for Explosive Evolution of Land Animals
  New Gene Study Suggests | Penn State University
  "The researchers found that land plants had evolved on Earth by about 700 million years ago and land fungi by about 1,300 million years ago — much earlier than previous estimates of around 480 million years ago, which were based on the earliest fossils of those organisms."
  
  This article came out in 2001, and although published in the 10 August 2001 issue of the journal Science, I've found no time revisions either in encyclopedias or by professional and academic sites. Perhaps it's not been generally accepted by the evolutionary biology and paleobotany communities.

• The First Plants: colonizing wetlands | Earth History

• The War Between Plants and Animals | Discover Magazine

• Changing Paleoclimates and Mass Extinctions - A New Model for Climate Change | by Donald L. Blanchard

• A timeline for terrestrialization: consequences for the carbon cycle in the Paleozoic
  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society - Biological Sciences | PDF File (1.0M) available

  ---

• Evolution of Plants
  • The Four Major Groups of Plants | Cazadero Nature Program
  • Plant Species Numbers | Botanic Gardens Conservation International
  • Estimated Number of Animal and Plant Species on Earth | FactMonster
  • How Many Different Species of Plant Are There? | Evolving Thoughts
  • How Many Species of Plants are there? | Wisegeek
  • Evolution of Plants | Biology Reference
  • How the First Plant Came to Be | Scientific American
    A genetic analysis reveals the ancient, complex--and symbiotic--roots of photosynthesis in plants.
  • The Hidden Forest
    • Liverworts
      Liverworts are considered to be the first plant to make the transition from the sea to land, some 400 million years ago, and share a common ancestry with green algae (Chlorophyta).

  • The Evolutionary Origin of Plants | PDF File - McGraw Hill Education
    Plants evolved from freshwater green algae and eventually developed cuticles, stomata, conducting systems, and reproductive strategies that adapt them well for life on land.
    • Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts | PDF File
      The three major phyla of nonvascular plants are all relatively unspecialized, but well suited for diverse terrestrial environments.
    • Seedless Vascular Plants | PDF File
    • Gymnosperms | PDF File
    • Angiosperms | PDF file

  • How Did Plants Evolve | VIDEO - YouTube
  • The Soltis Lab | Florida Museum of Natural History
    Scientists and students in the Soltis Lab are currently working with a variety of technologies to investigate mechanisms of speciation, evolutionary relationships and character evolution in flowering and land plants at all taxonomic levels.
  • How seeds recognize the seasons | Dec. 16, 2014 - by David Garner | Phys.org
    • Maternal temperature history activates Flowering Locus T in fruits to control progeny dormancy according to time of year
      PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • The Evolution of Plants (pictures) | Antranik.org
    "Did you know that plants used to live only in water millions of years ago? In fact, they didn’t even look like plants… plants ancestors were simply algae! Eventually, they evolved to find their way onto land and make use of a completely new environment."
  • Dinosaurs and Plants | Enchanted Learning
  • Wikipedia
    
    • Timeline of Plant Evolution
      "By the end of the Devonian, the first seed-forming plants had appeared. This rapid appearance of so many plant groups and growth forms has been called the "Devonian Explosion"."
    • Evolutionary History of Plants
    • Gymnosperm

  • IPlants.org
    iPlants aims to produce an index of all the world’s plant species together with, where possible, an image and a preliminary conservation assessment.

  • 8.7 million species exist on Earth, study says | August 23, 2011 - The Washington Post
  • Species count put at 8.7 million | August 23, 2011 - BBC
  • Number of Species Identified on Earth | Current Results

  ---

• Flowering Plants
  • Angiosperm | Encyclopedia Britannica
  • Angiosperm | Encyclopedia.com
  • Angiosperms | Biology Reference
  • Angiosperm | New World Encyclopedia
  • What is a Flowering Plant? | Encyclopedia of Life

  ---

  • How many species of flowering plants are there? | Published July 7, 2010 - Proceedings B - The Royal Society
  • Estimate of flowering plant species to be cut by 600,000 | Phys.Org
  • Scientists prune list of world's plants | September 19, 2010 - The Guardian
  • When Did Flowering Plants Evolve? | (pictures) - Wisegeek
  • Evolution of the First Flowers
    Florida Museum of Natural History Study Provides New Insight.
  • How did flowering plants evolve to dominate Earth? | Science Daily
    Scientists have discovered the evolutionary step which allowed flowering plants to become the most abundant and ecologically successful group of plants on Earth.
  • The Big Bloom--How Flowering Plants Changed the World | National Geographic
  • Where Did All the Flowers Come From? | The New York Times
  • The Abominable Mystery: How flowers conquered the world | BBC
  • How Plants Work
    • How, When, and Where Did Flowers Originate?

  ---

  Mother Knows Best: How Seeds Recognize the Seasons | December 15, 2014 - University of York
  "Scientists at the University of York have played a key role in new research into the way ‘mother’ plants
  use their memory of the seasons to teach their seeds the most advantageous time to germinate."

  ---

  • Flowers Modern and Ancient | NOVA - PBS
    Here, explore what makes Archaefructus a flowering plant and how it compares to blooming beauties of today.
    • First Flower | NOVA presents the search for the first flowering plant.
    
  • Oldest Known Flowering Plants Identified by Genes | The Harvard University Gazette
  • Genetics Helps Solve How Flowering Plants Evolved
    McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University
    "New research indicates that two major genetic upheavals produced thousands of new genes that may have helped drive the evolutionary explosion that led to the rich diversity of present-day flowering plants."
  • The First Flower | VIDEO - 53 minutes - YouTube
  • How Did Flowering Plants Evolve to Dominate Earth? | Science Daily
    "The evolution of dense leaf venation in flowering plants, around 140-100 million years ago, was an event with profound significance for the continued evolution of flowering plants. This step provided a ‘cretaceous productivity stimulus package’ which reverberated across the biosphere and led to these plants playing the fundamental role in the biological and atmospheric functions of the earth."
  • How Angiosperms Took Over the World | by Elizabeth Pennisi - Science Magazine
  • Angiosperms | UNLV
    Flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) are the most successful of all plant groups in terms of their diversity. The group includes more than 250,000 species, and at least 12,000 genera.
  • Flowering Plant - Angiosperm | Wikipedia
    • Gymnosperm
  • The Carnivorous Plant FAQ - The International Carnivorous Plant Society
    • How Did Carnivorous Plants Evolve?

  ---

  → What is the largest flower in the world? | Library of Congress

  → The World's Smallest Fruit | Wayne's Word

  ---

• Forests

• Forest News:
  • 'Sapphire rush' threatens rainforests of Madagascar | April 2, 2017 - The Guardian
  • Millions of trees cut down to make way for wind farms | Scottish Conservatives
    
  • Millions of trees cut down to make way for wind farms | The Daily Caller
    
  • England may be in deforestation state due to lack of tree planting | The Guardian
    
  • A Nigerian Superhighway Project Threatens a Critical Rainforest and Its People | Earth Island Journal
    
  • Six-Lane Highway Threatens Nigeria’s Last Rainforests | Smithsonian Magazine
    
  • Stop Superhighway From Destroying Rainforest Wildlife | Animal Petitions
    
  • Barnaby Joyce plan to log old growth forest will 'drive animals to extinction,' expert says | March 28, 2017 | The Guardian
    
  • Why reignite Tasmania's forest wars - to produce logs no one will buy? | March 24, 2017 | The Guardian
    
  • Tasmanian government rips up 'job-destroying' forestry peace deal | September 2, 2016 | The Guardian
    400,000 hectares of protected native forest to be opened to logging in move Liberals say will enhance job creation
  • Plans to log Tasmania's world heritage forests dropped after UN criticism | March 20, 2016 | The Guardian
    
  • Brown Mountain –irreplaceable old-growth forest being logged | The Wilderness Society
    
  • Leuser Watch | Exposing the Destruction of Indonesia's Leuser Ecosystem | Rainforest Action Network
    

  ---

• Basic Facts About Forests | Defenders of Wildlife

• Biggest Old Growth Forests in the United States

• Forests Australia

• USDA - Forest Service
  • Natural Inquirer >> A middle school science education journal

• Trees for Life
  • Deforestation

• World Rainforest Movement
  The World Rainforest Movement (WRM) is an international organization that, through its work on forest and plantation related issues, contributes to achieving the respect of local peoples’ rights over their forests and territories.

• Rainforest Alliance
  • Forests
    Forests are critical to the survival of every living thing on Earth. Forests clean the air, regulate weather, absorb greenhouse gas emissions, and stabilize the climate—both global and local. Not to mention, forests provide habitat for 80 percent of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity and livelihoods for 1.6 billion people.

• Forest Protection Portal
  Provides Vast Forest Protection News, Information Retrieval Tools and Original Analysis

• CIFOR: Center for International Forestry Research

• Rainforest Action Network
  Rainforest Action Network campaigns for the forests, their inhabitants and the natural systems that sustain life by transforming the global marketplace through education, grassroots organizing and non-violent direct action.
  • Leuser Watch | Exposing the Destruction of Indonesia's Leuser Ecosystem

• The West Virginia University Tree Bark Research Archive
  This site was designed to provide a place to learn about the anatomy and physiology of tree bark, fungal canker diseases that affect tree bark, the wound responses of injured tree bark, and the role of wound responses in the resistance of living tree bark to wound pathogens.

• Arbor Day Foundation
  • Anatomy of a Tree

• General Botany
  This site is designed to help you learn about the general structure of plants. Parts of "General Botany" is used by UCLA courses taught by Professor Arthur C. Gibson, and therefore may contain more detail than you normally would encounter in typical library books.
  • Bark Features

• Trees for Life
  • Tree Bark

• Why do trees have bark? | Highlights Kids

• Bark | Encyclopedia Britannica

• Bark | Wikipedia

  ---

  

• Moss - Lichen
  • What is Moss? | Wikipedia
  • What is a Moss? | Australian National Herbarium
  • Moss | HowStuffWorks
  • Mosses and Liverworts | Biology4Kids

  • What is Lichen? | Wikipedia
  • What is a Lichen? | Australian National Herbarium
  • What is a Lichen? | The British Lichen Society
  • 10 Things You Should Know About Lichens | Ohio State University

  ---

• IUFRO: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations
  The Global Network for Forest Science Cooperation
  "IUFRO is a non-profit, non governmental international research organization which was established in Berlin-Eberswalde in 1892. Its objectives are to promote international cooperation in forestry and forest products research."

• The Wild Classroom: Biology Videos and Podcasts
  • Biomes of the World - Biome Map | Interactive Map
    "Click on a biome on the above graph for more information, informative videos, and links to scientist profiles, travel information, lesson plans and species profiles for each region."
    
    • Rainforests

• Action For Our Planet
  • Top-10 Threatened Forests

• Environmental news and information | Mongabay
  • Rainforests: facts, figures, news, and pictures
  • Rainforest Information for Kids
    • Deforestation Figures for Selected Countries | Mongabay
  • Conservation news and environmental science news
    Mongabay, founded in 1999, seeks to raise interest in and appreciation of wild lands and wildlife, aims to be your best source of tropical rainforest conservation and environmental science news.

• Green, Going, Gone: The Tragic Deforestation of the Chaco
  By Christine Macdonald - July 28, 2014 - The Rolling Stone

  ---

  For more sources on Forests of the World, Global Digest has a section on
  Environment|Conservation|Endangered Species.

  ---

• Rivers
  • International Rivers
    Since 1985, International Rivers has been at the heart of the global struggle to protect rivers and the rights of communities that depend on them. We work with an international network of dam-affected people, grassroots organizations, environmentalists, human rights advocates and others who are committed to stopping destructive river projects and promoting better options.
  • Rivers | National Geographic
  • Lists of rivers | Wikipedia
  • Rivers, Major World | Water Encyclopedia
  • Principle Rivers of the World | FactMonster.com
    
  • Major World Rivers| EnchantedLearning.com
    
  • List of Major Rivers in the World | Altius Directory
  • 10 Most Important Rivers in the World | Touropia
  • The Colorado River Runs Dry | Smithsonian Magazine
  • Human Activities Contribute to Drying Up of Major River Headwaters | Worldwatch Institute
  • Dried Up: Lakes, Rivers, and Other Bodies of Water Disappearing Fast | April 27, 2014
  • Announcing America's Most Endangered Rivers of 2017 | American Rivers
  • World's Major Rivers Drying Up | SciDevNet

  ---

  Lake Baikal | Wikipedia
  First Picture of Media Presentation

  ---

• River Deltas
  • River delta | Wikipedia
  • Delta | Encyclopedia Britannica
  • The Major River Deltas of the World | PDF File - 7.45MB

  

• Algal Blooms
  • What Causes Algal Blooms? | Center for Earth and Environmental Science
    Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis
  • What are Algal Blooms? | Department of Primary Industries - Australia
    • What Causes Algal Blooms?
  • Nutrient Pollution - Harmful Algal Blooms | EPA
  • Algal bloom | Wikipedia

• Underground Water Reserves
  • Facts and Trends: UN Water | PDF File
  • Groundwater: A Global Assessment of Scale and Significance | PDF File
  • Scientists Map Vast Reserves Of Freshwater Under The Seabed | December 11, 2013 - NPR Blog
  • Huge Fresh Groundwater Reserves Found beneath Ocean Floor | December 6, 2013 - Sci-News
  • Kenya strikes huge water reserve in arid Turkana region | September 11, 2013 - Africa Review
  • Vital underground water found in arid north Kenya | September 12, 2013 - CNN
  • The Guarani Aquifer: a little known water resource in South America gets a voice | Blog - State of the Planet
  • Water Profile of Brazil | Encyclopedia of Earth
  • Groundwater resources in Brazil: a review of possible impacts caused by climate change
  • Water-rich country at risk | Brazil - Latin America Press
  • Top Ten Largest Renewable Fresh Water Supply Countries
    The map of Top Ten Countries with Largest Fresh Water available for supply in the world. Top countries include the Brazil, Russia, Canada, USA etc.
  • Glossary | | FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    • World Water Resources by Country
  • Atlas of hidden water may avert future conflict | October 24, 2008 - NewScientist
  • World over-using underground water reserves for agriculture | August 8, 2012 - Reuters

• Aquifer/Groundwater
  • Aquifer | The Encyclopedia of Earth
  • What is an Aquifer?
    "Ground water moves very rapidly in fractured rock aquifers like the basalts of the eastern Snake River Plain. In such cases, the spread of contaminants can be difficult or impossible to prevent."
    • Eastern Snake Rvier Plain Aquifer - Idaho
      By Doug Gellar - Emporia State University
  • Water Science School | USGS
    • Aquifers and Groundwater
    • What is a Watershed?
  • Water Table | National Geographic Education
  • The Basics: What is Groundwater? | The Groundwater Foundation
  • Water Sources | Environment Canada
    • Groundwater
  • Earth Science Australia
    • Hydrologic Cycle

  • Image: Anatomy of an Aquifer: The Lower Portneuf River Valley

  ---

• Wetlands

• Difference between Mangroves and Wetlands | Yahoo! Answers

  

• 6 things you need to know about mangroves (but never thought to ask)
  HumanNature - Conservation International Blog

• What is the difference between estuary, swamp, mangrove and a wetland? | Quora FORUM

• Estuaries, Salt Marshes , and Mangroves | MarineBio

• Mangrove | Wikipedia

• What are the differences between bog, swamp, marsh, and fen?
  • Wetland Types and Classifications
  • The Carnivorous Plant FAQ: Pond, bog, swamp, marsh, fen--what are the differences?
  • Wetland Definitions & Classification - Emporia State University
  • Wetland classificiation | Encyclopedia of Earth

  

• Major Wetlands of the World | Panda.org

• Cattails
  • Cattails Info
    • Types of Cattails
  • Typha | Wikipedia
  • Common Cattail | Brandeis University

• MBGnet - Missouri Botanical Garden
  Biomes of the World - Freshwater Ecosystems - Marine Ecosystems
  • Wetlands

  

• USGS National Wetlands Research Center Home Page

• Copper River Delta - Alaska

• Mekong Delta | The Free Encyclopedia

• California Wetlands Portal | SFEI & The Aquatic Science Center

• WHSRN: Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network
  • List of Sites

• National Wetlands Inventory | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

• EPA - Wetlands
  
  • Laws, Regulations, Treaties: Laws | Wetlands
    Key federal statutes governing wetlands in the United States

• Wikipedia
  • Wetland
  • Wetlands in the United States
  • Wetlands of the United States by State

• HowStuffWorks "How Wetlands Work"

• How Wetlands Work - PICTURE/DIAGRAM

• St. Johns River Water Management District

• NWF: National Wildlife Federation
  • What We Do To Protect Wetlands & Watersheds
  • Congress and Water Projects in America: The Latest on the Water Resources Development Act | April, 2013 - Blog

• US Army Corp of Engineers | Headquarters
  • WRDA: Water Resources Development Act | Sizing up the Corp of Engineers | PDF File - FWS
  • S.601: Water Resources Development Act of 2013 | Status and Summary - PDF | Govtracks
  • H.R.3080: Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 | Congress.gov
  • Water Resources Development Act of 2014 | PDF download available | Govtracks
  • H.R.3080: Water Resources Development Act of 2014 | Bill Summary & Status | Library of Congress - Thomas
Signed into law June 10, 2014.

---

Big Players Promote Water Privatization | August, 2014 - Truthout
Water Privatization: Coming to a Century Old System Near You? | June, 2014 - Truthout

---

• Water & Agriculture

• FAO: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
  • World Food Summit
  • AQUASTAT: FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture

• USDA: United States Department of Agriculture
  • The National Agricultural Library
    The National Agricultural Library (NAL), part of the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, is one of four National Libraries in the United States. NAL is a major international source for agriculture and related information. This Web site provides access to NAL's many resources and a gateway to its associated institutions.
  • NAL Catalog provides citations to agricultural literature
    • NRCS: National Resources Conservation Service
      • Plants
        • Plants Database
    • Water Quality Information Center
      • Wetlands

• CTIC: Conservation Technology Information Center | Purdue University
  CTIC champions, promotes and provides information on technologies and sustainable agricultural systems that conserve and enhance soil, water, air and wildlife resources and are productive and profitable.

  

• Improving Access to Water Resources and Agriculture Publications on the World Wide Web
  by Joseph R. Makuch and Ellen Hamilton

• Water: Science & Issues | Water Encyclopedia

• World Water Forums
  • 7th World Water Forum - 12-17 April 2015
  • 6th World Water Forum Home Page - 12-17 March 2012
  • 5th World Water Forum Home Page - 16-22 March 2009
  • 5th World Water Forum | World Water Conference - 16-22 March 2009 - PDF File

  

• World Water Council

• The Water Page - Incorporating the African Water Page
  "The mission of this page is to deliver information beyond just the properties of water. It is a website that covers all topics about water."
  • Water Biomes

  ---

• EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
  "...to protect human health and to safeguard the environment..."
  • Major Environmental Laws & Regulations
    • Clean Air Act | US EPA
    • Plain English Guide to the Clean Air Act | Air & Radiation

  • National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
    The NEPA process provides agency decision makers and the public with an understanding of the potential environmental impacts of proposed actions.

  • EPA's Office of Water Home Page
  • History: Clean Water Act
  • Summary of Clean Water Act | Laws & Regulations
  • Water Quality Standards History
  • Agriculture

• European Science Foundation (ESF)
  • Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences

• The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe

• Australian Government Department of Environment and Energy

  ---

  • Practical Conservation Resources - Compliments of Educator Labs
    • Reducing Your Home’s Carbon Footprint: 4 Cash-Conserving Ways to Do It | Safe Sound Family
    • Green Building | Article - Home Advisor
    • 10 Ways to Go Green and Save Green
    • 27 Ways to Prevent Climate Change: A Guide for Independent Retailers
    • Green Government | EPA
      Green Government highlights activities, programs and policies of the Federal government.
    • Earth Day Awareness in the Home and Beyond

• Let's Go Solar - Going Green On Campus
  • How Solar Panels Work
  • Ultimate Guide to Solar Panels

  ---

• Climate Change

• NASA, NOAA Data Show 2016 Warmest Year on Record Globally | NASA

• Warmer Temps Speed Infectious Disease Spread | by Brenda Goodman - WebMD

• Global Warming's Great Hiatus Gets Another Debunking | June 4, 2015 | InsideClimate News

• GlobalChange.gov | U.S. Global Change Research Program
  • Climate Change
  • National Climate Assessment and Development Advisory Committee

• Climate | World Resources Institute

• Climate Change: Evidence and Causes
  The Royal Society and the National Academy of Sciences
  The U.S. National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society released “Climate Change: Evidence & Causes,” a new publication produced jointly by the two institutions, on February 27, 2014 at an event hosted by Miles O’Brien of the PBS Newshour.
  • The Booklet: PDF File - 3.69MB
  • Climate Change: Evidence, Impacts, and Choices | PDF Download available - The National Academies
    The National Research Council is pleased to present this booklet in three parts that (1) summarizes the current state of knowledge about climate change; (2) explains some impacts expected in this century and beyond; and (3) examines how science can help inform choices about managing and reducing the risks posed by climate change.

• NCSE: National Council for Science and the Environment
  The National Council for Science and the Environment (NCSE) is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to improving the scientific basis for environmental decisionmaking.
  • National Research Council Releases New Booklet and Video on Climate Change | July 9, 2012

• Climate Change: evidence and causes | The Royal Society
  • Learn about the sources of human-emitted greenhouse gases
    Learn about the ice ages -- Learn more about other human causes of climate change

• Global Climate Change | NASA
  • How Do We Know - Evidence - Facts
  • Scientific Consensus
    Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree: Climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities.

• Global Warming Science | Union of Concerned Scientists

  

• Climate Change | The World Bank

• Climate Change | EPA
  • Climate Change: Basic Information | EPA

• Evidence for global warming | Skeptical Science

• Climate Change Basics - Climate Change 101 | David Suzuki Foundation

• Vital Climate Graphics | UNEP

• IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

• NEPA: National Environmental Policy Act Program | DOE

  

• Climate change | Wikipedia

• What is Climate Change? | Department of Ecology - State of Washington

• Stanford Solar Center
  • Global Warming FAQs

• Climate Change | TakePart

• Climate | EcoWatch

• Climate Change Mitigation | European Environment Agency

• Climate Change | WHO: World Health Organization

• Climate Change | Weather Underground

  

• Climate Change is Here | National Geographic

• Climate Change | Nature

• Global Warming & Climate Change | The New York Times
  • Short Answers to Hard Questions About Climate Change

• Climate Change | The Guardian

• Climate Change: Pictures, Videos, Breaking News | Huffington Post

• International Permafrost Association -- IPA

  

• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
  • Endangered Species Home Page

• Alaska Region, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

• Official Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Site

  ---

  "Vast methane plumes escaping from the seafloor" discovered in Siberian Arctic Sea
  July 28, 2014 - The Daily Kos
  Vast methane 'plumes' seen in Arctic ocean as sea ice retreats
  July 29, 2014 - The Independent

  Air and Water Pollution | Kidzworld
  "The United Nations estimates that 4,000 children die every day from drinking dirty water. 40% of America’s rivers
  and 46% of America’s Lakes are too polluted for swimming, fishing and aquatic life. Vehicle exhaust contributes around
  60% of all carbon monoxide emissions in the country, and up to 95% in cities. 1.2 trillion gallons of untreated sewage,
  storm water, and industrial waste are discharged into US waters every year."

  Grist - A Beacon in the Smog | Environmental News, Commentary, Advice
  Secret funding helped build vast network of climate denial think tanks | Suzanne Goldenberg
  Trump’s pick for agriculture secretary believes you can pray drought away. | Katie Herzog
  Pesticides are blowing into California's mountains, poisoning frogs | John Upton

  Accumulation of Pesticides in Pacific Chorus Frogs from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains
  USGS Western Ecological Research Center

  ---

  Performing a GOOGLE IMAGE search on air water pollution could be both disturbing and educational.
  More resources on pollution can be found at Environment|Conservation|Endangered Species.

  There is a separate page on The Bottled Water Industry.

  "Tapped" | Documentary - Home Page
  Examines the role of the bottled water industry and its effects on our health, climate change, pollution, and our reliance on oil.
  "Tapped" | Amazon

MAPS/Geography

• National Geographic Society
  • National Geographic Bee
  • Rishi Nair of Florida Wins 2016 National Geographic Bee and $50,000 College Scholarship | June 3, 2016

  

• Cartography and Geographic Information Society

• Worldpress.org | Map of the World | Regions of the World
  → Click image to the right for larger version ... →

• World Map - Political - Physical | Geology.com

• World History for the Relaxed Historian
  • History Map Archive

• Mathematics of Cartography | by Cynthia Lanius
  → Mathematics of Planet Earth 2013
  Dozens of scientific societies, universities, research institutes, and foundations all over the world have banded together to dedicate 2013 as a special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.

• Wikipedia
  • Geography
  • The World Geodetic System

• The History of Cartography Project
  The History of Cartography Project is a research, editorial, and publishing venture drawing international attention to the history of maps and mapping.

• History of Maps and Cartography | by James S. Aber

• Travel the World: Cartography | Wakanow Travel
  Thanks to Tracy Haynes

• Getting There by Car, Boat, or Plane: A Guide to Maps
  Thanks to Susie Post and her student Alejandro of Colorado Tutors.

• GIS Manual: Elements of Cartographic Style
  Harvard University Graduate School of Design

• KML: Keyhole Markup Language | Wikipedia

• Creating KML Files
  This tutorial covers the basics of creating KML files. We will be using Google Earth to create KML files containing points, lines, and polygons, the three basic geometries involved in vector-based GIS.

• United Nations Cartographic Section - Department of Field Support
  • Dag Hammarskjold Library - Map Library
    The Map Collection houses over 80,000 maps, some 3,000 atlases, gazetteers, travel guides, reference works and digital products.

  

• Stanford Geological Survey Collection
  • Branner Earth Sciences Library and Map Collections

• Government & Geographic Information and Data Services | Northwestern University Library

• Geology Digital Photographs

• Countries of the World
  Twenty-nine years of CIA World Fact Books

• Library of Congress Map Collections Home Page

• Alexandria Digital Library
  • How to Search
  • By Subject
  • By Title

• The Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection
  This growing collection contains more than 250,000 maps world-wide from the University of Texas, Austin.

• The Ryhiner Project
  The Ryhiner map collection is one of the most valuable and outstanding collections of the world. It consists of more than 16,000 maps, charts, plans and views from the 16th to the 18th century, covering the whole globe.

• NOAA's Online Chart Viewer

• World by Map: Statistics, Maps and Charts

• Charts & Maps | World Resources Institute

• World Climate
  Climate data and sunrise/sunset displayed in charts and tables for 149 countries and regions, more than 12,000 specific locations.
  • World Climate Maps

• World Aviation Maps and Charts
  These charts are jointly produced by the military of USA, Canada, Australia and Britian.

• The WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources: Maps and Earth Images

• U.S. Census Data
  Doing a search on "maps" returned about 154,000 items.
  • MAPS and Mapping Resources - Geography

• Geography | Awesome Library

• Geographic.org
  Geography, climate, countries, Maps, Flags, Population

  

• Quick Maps of the World
  Flags, Maps Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources

• World Map | Mapsofworld
  • Map of Top Ten Largest Countries in Africa by Area
  • What is the Largest Country in Africa?
  • What is the Largest Country in Africa?

• BlatantWorld - stuff we should know about
  • The Largest Countries in Africa

• Webwombat - Class Mate - World Flags
  • World Flag Database: Site Map

• The Flag of the United States
  • The Flags of the United States of America

• The Map Guide
  Map links to World, Country and more maps

• MapQuest - Driving Directions

• National Digital Map Library
  The National Digital Map Library is a collection of digital maps created at the Geospatial and Statistical Center using public domain data sets in 2001.

• Geography Departments Worldwide
  Welcome to the searchable database of Geography Departments around the world! As of May 1st, 2012 there are links to 1187 Departments in 97 Countries of which 938 have already signed the "Add Department Form" and thus can be searched by Country, Keyword and Researchfields.

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